Essay 1
Essay 1
Essay #1
Josemanuel Corniel
SOC-101-W099
January 5, 2025
2
Essay #1
Prompt
What is sociology and the sociological perspective? What do you see are some of the
most important uses of sociology? What is meant by the nature vs. nurture debate in the social
sciences? Describe and compare and contrast functional theory, conflict theory, and symbolic
interactionism. Who are the major contributors (theorists) to each theory? Which theory is a
macro level theory and which is a micro level theory? What is a demographic variable?
The study of Sociology allows us to examine human society, social behaviors, and the
structures communities have that shape them. It examines individuals' actions while interacting
with one another and larger groups. “The sociological perspective is a way of looking at the
world through a sociologic lens,” (Ferris & Stein, 2024). It allows one to step back and digest
human behavior in its social context. It also challenges common-sense assumptions and
One of the most important uses of sociology allows us to identify the root causes of
inequalities from community to community like poverty, discrimination, and crime. We can
study groups to understand their issues which allow us to help improve and prevent them from
happening in the future. With these studies, we can also recognize patterns and predict when a
The nature vs. nurture debate in social science questions whether human behavior is
determined by their biology or environment. Some believe that genetics and biology are the main
roots of human nature, while others believe that the environment and culture dictate human
behavior. Most sociologists agree that both factors work together to shape human behavior.
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Three major theories in sociology are functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic
interactionism. Functionalism looks at society as a system that has a bunch of parts working
together that allow it to be stable and run properly. Solidarity, the degree of integration or unity
within a particular society, is one of the major factors in functionalism (Ferris & Stein, 2024).
Émile Durkheim was one of the main figures known to support this theory. He believed that
most people bond due to similarities they share like a job position, religion, and experience.
Conflict theory focuses on the inequalities and power within a society. Karl Marx is
widely known as a supporter of this theory. His studies revolved around capitalism and class
conflict which formed the framework of this theory also making it known as “Marxism.” This
perspective also highlights issues like gender inequalities and racial discrimination.
and language. Exploring how individuals create and interpret meanings in their lives. George
Herbert Mead was mainly recognized for this theory, “Mead proposed that both human
development and the meanings we assign to everyday objects and events are fundamentally
social processes,” (Ferris & Stein, 2024). Nowadays most clothing people wear has a symbol.
These symbols also known as logos are looked at in society and can represent a person's wealth
and status.
Functionalism and conflict theory are known as macro-level theories due to the large-
scale social structures and processes they are involved in. Functionalism focuses on how
institutions/communities work together to maintain stability while conflict theory critiques these
Some demographic variables that are often examined by sociologists are race/ethnicity,
social class, and gender. These characteristics are used to categorize people within a population.
These variables are important when it comes to sociological research because they help highlight
patterns and trends within societies. For example, studying demographics can help reveal
individuals or even groups that have a harder time accessing healthcare or education.
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References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqbFRa3UyQQ
Ferris, K., & Stein, J. (2024). The Real World: an Introduction to Sociology (9th ed.). W.W.
Norton.