A SYNOPSIS ON

TRAFFIC VOLUME SURVEY

(At POLICE CHOWKI MAWANA KHURD, MAWANA)

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the Degree
Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Project Guide: Submitted to:

Pankaj Prasad Department of Civil Engg.
Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

IIMT ENGINEERING COLLEGE 127, MEERUT - 250001
GROUP MEMBERS:
 CONTENT
1. INRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
4. PROPOSED WORK
5. PLAN OF WORK
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFRENCES
 INTRODUCTION
The goal of traffic engineering is to assure safe, convenient and time
efficient movement of people and goods on roadways. This
movement of the people and goods is dependent on traffic
parameters. The three main parameters of a traffic flow are volume,
speed and density. The current studies on traffic volume
characteristics of roadway of Police Chowki T-Point Mawana Khurd,
MAWANA. Traffic volume is defined as the amount of vehicles
crossing a particular cross section per unit time. It is measured in
vehicle per minute or vehicle per hour or vehicle per day. In order to
express the traffic flow on a road per unit time, it is necessary to
convert the flow of the different vehicle classes into a standard
vehicle class known as Passenger Car Unit (PCU). The traffic volume
is dynamic and varies during 24 hours of the day. Daily traffic volume
varies on different days of a week and different months and seasons
of the years. The information on traffic volume is an important input
required for planning, analysis, design and operation of roadway
systems. Vehicle composition of traffic stream, flow rate, directional
distribution, peak hour flow and annual average daily traffic (AADT)
are used for planning, design and operation of highways in most of
the developed countries, pertain to fairly homogeneous traffic
conditions comprising vehicles of more or less uniform static and
dynamic characteristics.
Under the said traffic conditions expressing traffic volume as number
of vehicles passing a given section of road per unit time will
inappropriate. The problem of measuring volume of such
heterogeneous traffic has been addressed by converting the
different types of vehicles into Passenger Cars Unit and expressing
the volume in terms of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) per hour.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I write this acknowledgement with great honor, pride and

pleasure to pay my respects to all who enable us either
directly in completing this report. I express my deep sense of
gratitude to Mr. PANKAJ PRASAD Associate Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, IIMT Engineering College
for being valuable guidance to us especially for writing this
report that I have encountered while working on this report
 ABBREBIATION

PCU Passenger Car Unit

PCE Passenger Car Equivalent
ADT Average Daily Traffic
AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic
DEF Daily Expansion Factor
HEF Hourly Expansion Factor
MEF Monthly Expansion Factor
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Transportation Service of Meerut City is measured in terms of ability

of highway to accommodate vehicular traffic safely and efficiently.
Determination of functional effectiveness of prescribed highway
from MEERUT to BIJNOR needs the vehicular analysis of traffic at
Police Chowki T-Point Mawana Khurd. In undertaking such analysis,
various parameters of traffic such as vehicular composition, flow
rate, directional distribution, flow fluctuation and AADT must be
addressed. For those analysis traffic volume is counted. Generally
passenger car is adopted as standard vehicle and this factor is known
as passenger car unit (PCU). Many researchers have developed
methods to estimate PCU for classified vehicle. In this report PCU
value is taken from Roads and Highway Department, Bangladesh
Government.
Traffic Survey
Traffic engineers and planners need information about traffic. They need
information to design and manage road and traffic system. They use the
information for planning and designing traffic facilities, selecting geometric
standards. They use this to justify warrant of traffic control devices such as
signs, traffic signals, pavement markings, school and pedestrian crossings. They
also use this information to study the effectiveness of introduced schemes,
diagnosing given situations and finding appropriate solutions, forecasting the
effects of projected strategies, calibrating and validating traffic models.
Transportation system is a dynamic system. Information about traffic volume
must be regularly updated to keep pace with ever-changing transportation
system. Traffic Volume surveys are the means of obtaining information about
traffic.

But in our traffic volume study, due to time shortage traffic survey is not done
before the data collection. As our prescribed T-Point of Mawana Khurd is one
of the main roadway of Meerut City, the traffic volume study is represented to
analysis vehicle composition, flow rate, directional distribution, flow rate etc.
for present condition.

Traffic Volume Study

Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements,

and classifications of roadway vehicles at a given location. These data can help
identify critical flow time periods, flow fluctuation curve, determine the
influence of large vehicles or document traffic volume trends.
DEFINATIONS:

Volume: The total number of vehicles that pass over a given point or
section of a lane or roadway during a given time interval is called
volume. It is the actual number of vehicle observed or predicted to
passing a point during a given interval.

Rate of flow: The equivalent hourly rate at which vehicles pass over
a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a time interval
less than 1hr. usually 15 min.

Average Daily Traffic (ADT): The average 24-hr volume at a given

location over a defined time period less than one year. The common
application is to measure an ADT for each month of the year. Others
are

 Planning of highway activities.

 Measurement of current demand.
 Evaluation of existing traffic flow.

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

The average 24-hr volume at a given location over a full 365 days
year, estimated as the number of vehicles passing a site in a year
divided by 365 days is known as Average Annual Daily Traffic.
The application of AADT is following –

 Estimation of highway users.

 Traffic volume trends.
  AADT can be converted into Vehicles Mile Travelled.
 Economic feasibility study.
 Development of hierarchical system of facilities.
 Improvement and maintenance programs.

Expansion Factors

Hourly, daily, and monthly expansion factors can be

determined from data obtained.

Hourly Expansion Factor

Hourly Expansion Factor, HEF =

(Total volume for 24 hour period / Volume for particular hour)

Daily Expansion Factor

Daily Expansion Factor, DEF =

(Total volume for a week / Volume for a particular day)

Monthly Expansion Factor

Monthly Expansion Factor, MEF =

(Total volume for a year / Volume for particular month)

Type of Traffic Volume Count

Screen Line Count

A screen line is an imaginary line on a map, composed of one or

more straight line segments. Screen line analysis provides a means of
comparing the results of a traffic assignment with traffic count data.
This is facilitated by comparing the directional (or bidirectional) sum
of traffic count volumes across a screen line with the directional (or
bidirectional) sum of the assigned traffic volumes across the same
screen line and then computing the ratio of the sums, generally the
assigned flow sum to the count sum. Collection of data at these
screen-line stations at regular intervals facilitates the detection of
variations in the traffic volume and traffic flow direction due to
changes in the land use pattern of the area.

Intersection Count
Intersection counts are considered to determine vehicle
classifications through movements and turning movements at
intersections. These data are used mainly in determining cycle times
for signalized intersections in the design of channelization at
intersections

Pedestrian Volume Count

Pedestrian volume counts for each cross walk should be made during
the same period as the vehicle volume count. Tallies should be
recorded for each quarter hour for the duration of the count.
Pedestrian counts are not required in sparsely settled rural areas or
at other locations where it is apparent that pedestrian movement is
negligible.
Cordon Count
The area for which the data are required is cordoned off by an
imaginary closed boundary; the area enclosed within this boundary is
defined as the cordon area. Figure 2.1 shows such an area where a
city is enclosed by the imaginary loop. The information obtained
from such a count is useful for planning parking facilities, updating
and evaluating traffic operational techniques and making long-range
plans for freeway and arterial street systems.

Continuous Count
Continuous counts are taken using mechanical or electronic counters
.Stations at which continuous counts are taken as permanent count
stations. In selecting permanent count stations, the highways within
the study area must first be properly classified. Each class should
consist of highway links with similar traffic patterns and
characteristics.
MAP & LOCATION
 DATA COLLECTION

Location: Location of the traffic volume study was selected to be T-

Point Mawana Khurd. Vehicles going from MEERUT to BIJNOR were
counted.

Date: Data for traffic volume study was collected on 2019

Time: Time of data collection for traffic volume study was 10:30 AM
to 10:40 AM.

Weather Condition: Sunny Day.

Observation: Classified Vehicle Counts.
Method: Direct Manual Method.
Duration: 15 minutes (Short Count).
Equipment: Tally Counter, Road measuring wheel stock, Vest.