Choose

Assignment 1

1. The __________ contains the data to be written into memory and receives the data read from
memory.

A) I/O address register B) memory address register

C) I/O buffer register D) memory buffer register

2) Instruction processing consists of two steps:

A) fetch and execute B) instruction and execute

C) instruction and halt D) fetch and instruction

3) The ___________ routine determines the nature of the interrupt and

performs whatever actions are needed.

A) interrupt handler B) instruction signal

C) program handler D) interrupt signal

4) __________ is more efficient than interrupt-driven or programmed I/O for a

multiple-word I/O transfer.

A) Spatial locality B) Direct memory access

C) Stack access D) Temporal locality

1. The invention of the ______ was the hardware revolution that brought about desktop and
handheld computing.
A) Cache
B) Microprocessor
C) Multicore Computer
D) Symmetric Multiprocessor
Correct Answer: B) Microprocessor

2. To satisfy the requirements of handheld devices, the classic microprocessor is giving way to
the ______, where not just the CPUs and caches are on the same chip, but also many of the
other components of the system, such as DSPs, GPUs, I/O devices, and main memory.
A) Cache Memory
B) Instruction Register
C) System on a Chip (SoC)
D) Interrupt

Correct Answer: C) System on a Chip (SoC)

3. The processing required for a single instruction is called a(n) ______ cycle.
A) Cache
B) Instruction Fetch
C) Basic Instruction Cycle
D) Interrupt Cycle

Correct Answer: C) Basic Instruction Cycle

4. The fetched instruction is loaded into the ______.

A) Program Counter
B) Instruction Register (IR)
C) Stack Pointer
D) Mapping Function

Correct Answer: B) Instruction Register (IR)

5. When an external device is ready to accept more data from the processor, the I/O module for
that external device sends an ______ signal to the processor.
A) Execution
B) Cache
C) Interrupt
D) Stack

Correct Answer: C) Interrupt

6. The ______ is a device for staging the movement of data between main memory and
processor registers to improve performance and is not usually visible to the programmer or
processor.
A) Cache
 B) Secondary Memory
C) System Bus
D) Program Counter

Correct Answer: A) Cache

7. External, nonvolatile memory is also referred to as ______ or auxiliary memory.

A) Cache
B) Secondary Memory
C) Instruction Register
D) Binary

Correct Answer: B) Secondary Memory

8. When a new block of data is read into the cache, the ______ determines which cache location
the block will occupy.
A) Mapping Function
B) Interrupt Handler
C) Memory Hierarchy
D) Control Unit

Correct Answer: A) Mapping Function

9. In a ______ multiprocessor, all processors can perform the same functions so the failure of a
single processor does not halt the machine.
A) Multicore
B) Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP)
C) Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
D) Programmed I/O

Correct Answer: B) Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP)

10. A ______ computer combines two or more processors on a single piece of silicon.
A) Microprocessor
B) Multicore Computer
C) System on a Chip (SoC)
D) Instruction Fetch

Correct Answer: B) Multicore Computer

 11. A Control/Status register that contains the address of the next instruction to be fetched is
called the ______.
A) Program Counter
B) Cache
C) Instruction Register
D) General Purpose Register

Correct Answer: A) Program Counter

12. Each location in Main Memory contains a ______ value that can be interpreted as either an
instruction or data.
A) Binary
B) Decimal
C) Cache
D) Hexadecimal

Correct Answer: A) Binary

13. A special type of address register required by a system that implements user-visible stack
addressing is called a ______.
A) Program Counter
B) Stack Pointer
C) Instruction Register
D) Cache

Correct Answer: B) Stack Pointer

14. Registers that are used by system programs to minimize main memory references by
optimizing register use are called ______.
A) Cache
B) General Purpose
C) Secondary Memory
D) System Bus

Correct Answer: B) General Purpose

15. The concept of multiple programs taking turns in execution is known as ______.
A) Cache Design
B) Multiprogramming
C) Symmetric Multiprocessing
D) Interrupt
Correct Answer: B) Multiprogramming

Assignment 2

1. An _________ is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an
interface between applications and the computer hardware.
A) Monitor
B) Operating System (OS)
C) Scheduler
D) Virtual Memory

Correct Answer: B) Operating System (OS)

2. The portion of the monitor that is always in main memory and available for execution is
referred to as the _________.
A) Timer
B) Resident Monitor
C) Scheduler
D) Batch Processor

Correct Answer: B) Resident Monitor

3. __________ is a technique in which a process, executing an application, is divided into threads

that can run concurrently.
A) Multiprogramming
B) Multithreading
C) Batch Processing
D) Time Sharing

Correct Answer: B) Multithreading

4. Two major problems with early serial processing systems were scheduling and _________.
A) Efficiency
B) Setup Time
 C) Fairness
D) Resource Allocation

Correct Answer: B) Setup Time

5. The central idea behind the simple batch-processing scheme is the use of a piece of software
known as the __________.
A) Scheduler
B) Monitor
C) Timer
D) Operating System

Correct Answer: B) Monitor

6. Any resource allocation and scheduling policy must consider three factors: fairness, differential
responsiveness, and _________.
A) Setup Time
B) Efficiency
C) Multithreading
D) Availability

Correct Answer: B) Efficiency

7. A _________ is set at the beginning of each job to prevent any single job from monopolizing
the system.
A) Monitor
B) Timer
C) Scheduler
D) Thread

Correct Answer: B) Timer

8. The OS has five principal storage management responsibilities: process isolation, automatic
allocation and management, support of modular programming, protection and access control,
and __________.
A) Virtual Memory
B) Efficiency
C) Long-Term Storage
D) Batch Processing

Correct Answer: C) Long-Term Storage

 9. The earliest computers employed __________ processing, a name derived from the way users
have access to the systems.
A) Batch
B) Serial
C) Multiprogramming
D) Real-Time

Correct Answer: B) Serial

10. __________ was designed to keep the processor and I/O devices, including storage devices,
simultaneously busy to achieve maximum efficiency.
A) Multiprogramming/Multitasking
B) Virtual Memory
C) Serial Processing
D) Resource Allocation

Correct Answer: A) Multiprogramming/Multitasking

11. In a time-sharing, multiprogramming system, multiple users simultaneously access the system
through __________.
A) Terminals
B) Batch Processing
C) Virtual Memory
D) Resident Monitors

Correct Answer: A) Terminals

12. The principal objective of __________ is to maximize processor use.

A) Virtual Memory
B) Batch Multiprogramming
C) Time Sharing
D) Resource Allocation

Correct Answer: B) Batch Multiprogramming

13. Three major lines of computer system development created problems in timing and
synchronization that contributed to the development of the concept of the process:
multiprogramming batch operation, time sharing, and __________.
A) Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)
B) Real-Time Transaction Systems
C) Virtual Memory Systems
D) Resident Monitors
Correct Answer: A) Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS)

14. __________ is a facility that allows programs to address memory from a logical point of view,
without regard to the amount of main memory physically available.
A) Time Sharing
B) Multithreading
C) Virtual Memory
D) Cache Memory

Correct Answer: C) Virtual Memory

15. Security and protection as they relate to operating systems is grouped into four categories:
Availability, Data Integrity, Authenticity, and __________.
A) Confidentiality
B) Efficiency
C) Multithreading
D) Fairness

Correct Answer: A) Confidentiality

16. The technique where a system clock generates interrupts, and at each clock interrupt the OS
regains control and assigns the processor to another user, is __________.

A. time slicing

B. multithreading

C. round robin

D. clock cycle
 17. __________ is where the OS must prevent independent processes from interfering with each
other's memory, both data and instructions.

A. Support of modular programming

B. Process isolation

C. Automatic allocation and management

D. Protection and access control

18. A special type of programming language used to provide instructions to the monitor is
__________.

A. FPL

B. JCL

C. DML

D. SML

Assignment 3
1) A process is in the ___________ state when it is in secondary memory and awaiting an event.
a) Ready
b) Running
c) Suspend
d) Blocked

Answer: c

2) Two essential elements of a process are ___________ and a set of data associated with that code.
a) Input and output
b) Program code
c) Control table
d) Scheduler

Answer: b

3) The ___________ tables provide information about the existence of files, their location on secondary
memory, their current status, and other attributes.
a) File
b) Memory
c) Process
d) Scheduler

Answer: a

4) A significant point about the ___________ is that it contains sufficient information so that it is
possible to interrupt a running process and later resume execution as if the interruption had not
occurred.
a) Memory table
b) Process control block
c) Scheduler
d) Dispatcher

Answer: b

5) When the OS creates a process at the explicit request of another process, the action is referred to as
___________.
a) Termination
b) Scheduling
c) Process spawning
d) Dispatching

Answer: c

6) The process is said to be operating in a ___________ fashion if each process in the queue is given a
certain amount of time, in turn, to execute and then returned to the queue, unless blocked.
a) Random
b) Sequential
c) Round-robin
d) Parallel

Answer: c

7) A process in the ___________ state is in main memory and available for execution.
a) Blocked
b) Ready
c) Suspended
d) Running

Answer: b

8) ___________ tables are used to keep track of both main (real) and secondary (virtual) memory.
a) File
b) Memory
c) Scheduler
d) Process

Answer: b

9) The process control block information can be grouped into three general categories: process
identification, ___________, and process control information.
a) Trace
b) Process state information
c) Memory allocation
d) File status

Answer: b

10) A ___________ is the maximum amount of time that a process can execute before being interrupted.
a) Scheduler
b) Quantum
c) Time slice
d) Process ID

Answer: c

11) The principal function of the OS is to create, manage, and ___________ processes.
a) Dispatch
b) Interrupt
c) Terminate
d) Schedule

Answer: c

12) The portion of the operating system that selects the next process to run is called the ___________.
a) Memory manager
b) Scheduler (or dispatcher)
c) Trace manager
d) Process controller

Answer: b

13) The collection of program, data, stack, and attributes is referred to as the ___________.
a) Trace
b) Control block
c) Process image
d) Dispatcher

Answer: c

14) A process is in the ___________ state when it is in main memory and awaiting an event.
a) Suspend
b) Blocked
c) Ready
d) Running

Answer: b

15) We can characterize the behavior of an individual process by listing the sequence of instructions,
referred to as a ___________, that executes for that process.
a) Process image
b) State information
c) Trace
d) Time slice

Answer: c

16) An error or exception condition generated within the currently running process is ___________.
a) Time slice
b) Trap
c) Scheduler
d) Dispatcher

Answer: b

17) An error or exception condition generated within the currently running process is:

a) Interrupt
b) Trap
c) Exception
d) Signal

b) Trap
Assignment 4

1. Which feature allows controlled access to shared memory?

a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Mutex
d) Locking
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) Paging

2. Which tool is most effective in organizing memory logically?

a) Paging
b) Segmentation
c) Allocation
d) Fragmentation
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) Segmentation

3. What is a disadvantage of fixed partitioning?

a) External fragmentation
b) Internal fragmentation
c) Overhead
d) Compaction requirement
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) Internal fragmentation

4. In dynamic partitioning, how is memory allocated?

a) In fixed-size blocks
b) In a circular manner
c) Exactly as required by the process
d) In equal parts to all processes
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: c) Exactly as required by the process

5. Which placement algorithm selects the smallest partition that fits a process?
a) Best fit
b) First fit
c) Worst fit
d) Next fit
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) Best fit

6. How can external fragmentation be reduced?

a) Using dynamic partitioning
 b) Using fixed partitioning
c) By reallocating memory statically
d) By removing unused memory
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) Using dynamic partitioning

7. What is internal fragmentation?

a) Unused memory between partitions
b) Wasted space outside allocated memory blocks
c) Wasted space within allocated memory blocks
d) Memory shared among processes
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: c) Wasted space within allocated memory blocks

8. What is the purpose of compaction in memory management?

a) To allocate more memory to processes
b) To merge unused memory spaces
c) To allocate memory dynamically
d) To protect memory from errors
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) To merge unused memory spaces

9. What happens when a process is swapped back into memory in a dynamic partitioning
system?
a) It overwrites the old process
b) It may be relocated to a new partition
c) It must be assigned to its original partition
d) It gets suspended until more memory is available
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) It may be relocated to a new partition

10. Which memory management feature enables the relocation of a process to a different
memory location?
a) Segmentation
b) Paging
c) Relocation
d) Fragmentation
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: c) Relocation

11. In a dynamic partitioning system with fragmentation, what technique can resolve the issue of
a new process needing 100 MB of memory?
a) First fit
b) Compaction
c) Paging
d) Segmentation
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) Compaction

12. Which placement algorithm searches for the first available memory block large enough to
accommodate a process?
a) First fit
b) Best fit
 c) Worst fit
d) Next fit
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) First fit

13. What type of fragmentation occurs when a process occupies a partition smaller than its size
due to fragmentation, causing some data to be left out?
a) Internal
b) External
c) Relocation
d) Logical
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) Internal

14. With a first-fit algorithm in a system with 4 partitions of sizes 4 MB, 6 MB, 8 MB, and 10 MB, a
7 MB process will be assigned to the:
a) 4 MB partition
b) 6 MB partition
c) 8 MB partition
d) 10 MB partition
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: c) 8 MB partition

15. In a fixed partitioning system with 5 MB partitions, if 3 processes of sizes 3 MB, 2 MB, and 6
MB arrive, how many processes can be allocated?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) 2

16. In a dynamic partitioning system using the best-fit algorithm, for a process of size 12 MB
among the available partitions: 10 MB, 15 MB, 20 MB, the chosen partition will be:
a) 10 MB
b) 15 MB
c) 20 MB
d) None of the above
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) 10 MB
Assignment 5

1 What is the page number for the logical address 765432 in a system with an 8 KB page size?
a) 93
b) 95
c) 94
d) 96
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) 93

2 If frame number 300 is assigned to page 93, what is the physical address of logical address 765432?
a) 2,457,360
b) 2,457,72
c) 2,460,360
d) 2,460,600
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) 2,457,360

3 How many pages are required for a process of size 1.2 MB with an 8 KB page size?
a) 150
b) 151
c) 152
d) 149
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: None of the options provided. However, if rounding down, C) 152 is the closest.

4 How many frames are there in a system with 4 GB of memory and 8 KB frame size?
a) 524,288
b) 1,048,576
c) 262,144
d) 1,572,864
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) 524,288

5 How many bits are required to represent the page number for a process with 151 pages?
a) 6
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: c) 8
6 What is the number of bits required to represent the offset for a page size of 16 KB?
a) 12 bits
b) 13 bits
c) 14 bits
d) 15 bits
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: c) 14 bits

7 What is the physical address for logical address 567890 if the page number is 69, offset is 567, and
the frame number is 3069?
a) 25,150,567
b) 25,152,567
c) 25,154,567
d) 25,156,567
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: b) 25,152,567

8 A segment table has the following entry: Segment 0: Base = 3000, Limit = 1500. What is the physical
address for the logical address (0,1200)?
a) 4200
b) 3000
c) 3100
d) 4200
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) 4200

9 What is the total logical address space for a system with the following segment table:

 Segment 0: Limit = 2000

 Segment 1: Limit = 3000

 Segment 2: Limit = 1500

a) 5500
b) 6000
c) 6500
d) 7000
‫اإلجابة الصحيحة‬: a) 6500