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Types of Computer Systems

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26 views20 pages

Types of Computer Systems

Uploaded by

muhammad
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ICT:

Types of Computer Systems:


- Mainframe
- Supercomputer
- Workstation
- Personal Computer (PC)

Mainframe Computer
It is high capacity and costly computer. It is largely used by big
organizations where many people can use it simultaneously.

Supercomputer
This category of computer is the fastest and very expensive. A
typical supercomputer can solve up to ten trillion individual
calculations per second.

Workstation Computer
The computer of this category is a high-end and expensive
one. It is exclusively made for complex work purpose.

Personal Computer (PC)


It is a low-capacity computer developed for single users.

Laptop computer (notebook)


It is a handy computer that can be easily carried anywhere.
Components of a Computer:
Hardware:
Physical part of the computer system which you can physically touch.
E.g. Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Scanner, Printer, CD-ROM,
Motherboard

Software:
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate
computers and execute specific tasks. Software is not physical. It
exists as computer code inside the computer.

System Software:
System software is a set of programs that act together to allow the
hardware and the application programs to work.
This type of software includes operating systems and different
utilities to allow your system to run smoothly.
E.g. - Operating systems: Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Android

Application Software:
Application software is a computer program designed to help people
perform an activity, such as writing a letter, creating graphs, sending
an email or downloading a webpage.
E.g. - Word document, Power-point presentation, Adobe Photoshop
Difference between System and Application software:
Application software are designed to allow users to complete specific tasks.
E.g., a Word Processor is used to write a letter. System software is used to
manage and maintain the computer system. E.g., An operating system such as
Windows 10 is used to manage the functions of the computer system

Input devices:
An input device is any
hardware device that
sends data to a
computer, allowing you
to interact with and
control it.

Output devices:
An output device is used to send data out of the system.
CLI (Command-Link Interface):
A CLI is a text-based user interface used to run
programs, manage computer files and interact
with the computer. It processes commands to
a computer program in the form of lines of
text.

GUI (Graphical User Interface):


Graphical user interface (GUI), a computer
program that enables a person to
communicate with a computer using symbols,
or graphical icons.
RAM:
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Part of the computer that temporarily stores the instructions
that the computer is running, and the data it is processing.
- RAM is volatile memory that temporarily stores the files you
are working on.

ROM:
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
- Special kind of memory which stores the instructions which the
computer uses when it 'boots up'.
- ROM is memory that cannot be changed by a program or user.
- ROM retains its memory even after the computer is turned off.
- ROM stores the instructions for the computer to start up when
it is turned on again.

Difference between RAM and ROM:


RAM means Random Access Memory and is a volatile memory and
temporarily stores information that is sent to the computer. ROM
means Read Only Memory, and its function is a non-volatile memory
and permanently stores information in the computer. It is mostly
responsible for the transfer or information when the computer is
booted up.
Devices and their uses:

Magnetic Stripe:
A strip of magnetic material on which information may
be stored, as by an electromagnetic process,
for automatic reading, decoding, or recognition by a
device that detects magnetic variations on the strip.

Magnetic Tape:
Magnetic audio tape is used to capture speech and
music, and magnetic videotape provides a low-cost
medium for recording analogue voice and video
signals directly and simultaneously.

Graph Plotter:
A plotter is a special output device used to produce
hard copies of large graphs and designs on paper, such
as construction maps, engineering drawings,
architectural plans and business charts.

Dot-matrix printer:
Impact printers create an image by using some
mechanism to physically press an inked ribbon
against the page, causing the ink to be deposited on
the page in the shape desired.
Zip Discs:
Zip disks were available in 100- and 250-MB capacities
and were used to store, share and back up large
amounts of data, which was not possible with
ordinary floppy disks.

MICR Reader:
MICR readers are the primary tool for cheque
sorting and are utilised across the cheque
distribution network at multiple stages.

RFID Reader:
Uses:
Pet and livestock tracking, inventory management,
asset tracking and equipment tracking, inventory
control, cargo and supply chain logistics, vehicle
tracking.

Chip Reader:
A merchant terminal that reads and writes a credit or
debit card that contains a microcontroller chip. To
make a payment, the card is inserted into the reader
and removed when the transaction is completed.
Storage devices and their Uses:
Storage medium is the name given to the device that holds the data.
Internet:
The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computers
systems around the world.
- Internet is Public
- Internet is network of networks
- Internet is global
- Internet has more information than an intranet
- It is a WAN
- It is a Public Information system

USES:
- Viewing web pages
- Sending and receiving e-mail messages
- Sharing files
- Communicating using voice (VOIP) and video
(videoconferencing)
- Playing multi-player games
- Streaming Video/audio Content
- Online Shopping/Banking

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