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Signal and System Assignment Solutions

answers to signal and system anslysis questions

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12 views3 pages

Signal and System Assignment Solutions

answers to signal and system anslysis questions

Uploaded by

Sara Feresebhat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Signal and System Analysis: Assignment 2 Solutions

1. Determine whether the system is linear, time-invariant, memoryless, and


causal:
a) y(t) = x(t) cos(5t)

- Linearity: The system satisfies superposition because for two inputs x1(t) and x2(t), and
constants a1 and a2, the output is:
y(t) = a1x1(t)cos(5t) + a2x2(t)cos(5t).
Therefore, the system is linear.

- Time-Invariance: If the input is shifted by t0, the output becomes y(t - t0) = x(t - t0)cos(5t).
Comparing this with the original system, cos(5t) introduces a dependence on absolute time.
Hence, the system is not time-invariant.

- Memoryless: The output at any time depends only on the current input, so the system is
memoryless.

- Causal: The output depends only on the present input, so the system is causal.

b) y(t) = x(t - 2) + x(2 - t)

- Linearity: Similar to part (a), the system satisfies superposition. Therefore, it is linear.

- Time-Invariance: Shifting the input by t0 gives y(t - t0) = x(t - t0 - 2) + x(2 - (t - t0)). This is
not equivalent to y(t) shifted by t0, so the system is not time-invariant.

- Memoryless: The output depends on values of the input at times other than t. Hence, the
system is not memoryless.

- Causal: The output depends on both past and future values of the input, so the system is
not causal.

2. For the circuit in Fig Q#2:


a. Write state equations in matrix form.

Let:
- x1(t) = Vc(t) (capacitor voltage)
- x2(t) = iL(t) (inductor current)

Using Kirchhoff's Laws:


1. Vc(t): iC = C(dVc/dt) → dVc/dt = (1/C)iC.
2. iL(t): V = L(diL/dt) → diL/dt = V/L.

State equations in matrix form:


[dx1/dt] = [0, 1/C; -1/L, -R/L][x1; x2] + [0; 1/L]u(t)

where R is the resistance, C is the capacitance, and L is the inductance.

b. Compute e^(At) using the Inverse Laplace transform method.

The matrix exponential e^(At) is computed as:


e^(At) = L^(-1){(sI - A)^(-1)}
where A = [0, 1/C; -1/L, -R/L].

c. Find Vc(t) and iL(t) for t > 0.

Solve the state-space equations with given initial conditions using e^(At).

3. For the network in Fig Q#3:


Input: Vin(t) = u0(t) - u0(t - 2).

Impulse response h(t): Assume h(t) is known or derived from the circuit.

Output Vout(t) is given by:


Vout(t) = ∫ Vin(τ)h(t - τ)dτ

Solve step by step for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2, and t > 2.

4. For the signal in Fig Q#4:


a) Compute the Trigonometric Fourier series representation:

For a periodic signal x(t) with period T:


a0 = (1/T) ∫ x(t) dt
an = (2/T) ∫ x(t)cos(nωt) dt
bn = (2/T) ∫ x(t)sin(nωt) dt

Substitute the given waveform and integrate over one period to find coefficients.

b) Compute the Exponential Fourier series representation:

cn = (1/T) ∫ x(t)e^(-jnωt) dt

Use Euler's formula to relate to trigonometric coefficients.

c) Plot the amplitude and phase spectrum:

Amplitude: |cn|, Phase: arg(cn).

d) RMS value:

Compute using the first five harmonics:


RMS = sqrt(Σ (an^2 + bn^2)/2)
e) Filtered output:

For H(ω) = u0(ω) - u0(ω - 6), multiply Fourier coefficients by H(ω) and recompute the
inverse Fourier series.

5. Fourier Transform for the circuit in Fig Q#5:


Given circuit parameters, use voltage-current relationships to write:
I(ω) = V(ω)/Z(ω)
where Z(ω) is the impedance. Apply the inverse Fourier transform to find i(t).

6. Compute Fourier Transform of:


a) e^(-t)cos(3t + π)u0(t):

Use the modulation property and known Fourier pairs:


F{e^(-t)u0(t)} = 1/(s + 1)
F{cos(3t)} = δ(ω - 3) + δ(ω + 3)

b) u0(t) - u0(t - 1):

Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse of width 1.

c) 4sgn(t - 2) + 3δ(t):

Use properties of the Fourier transform for signum and delta functions.

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Each calculation will include specific substitutions and results.

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