COMPUTER

FOR
LTR
 MOUSE
➢ INVENTER-DUGLAS ENGLEBART
➢ Pointing device / Point and draw device
➢ Left Click-Execute , Command , Select
➢ Right Click-Property Check
➢ Double Click-Open file or folder
➢ Scroll click
➢ Drag and Drop-କ ୌଣସି Folder ୁ କ ୋଟିଏ placeରୁ ଅନ୍ୟ place ୁ କନ୍ବୋ
ପୋଇଁ ।
 TRACK BALL
➢ Pointing Device
➢ Up Side Down Mouse କବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
 JOY STICK
➢ Pointing Device
➢ Computer କର Gaming ପୋଇଁ use ରୋଯୋଏ ।
 LIGHT PEN
➢ Electronic Pen / Pointing Device ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Computer କର Data ୁ Directly Input ରିବୋ ପୋଇଁ Use ରୋଯୋଏ ।
 SCANNER
➢ Photo , Sign ୁ Scan ରିବୋ ପୋଇଁ Use ରୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ ଏଥିକର Scan କଲ ସବୁକବକେ Picture Format Scan କହୋଇଥୋଏ ।
 OCR
➢ Optical Character Recognition
➢ Scan ରୋଯୋଇଥିବୋ dataର ଅକ୍ଷର ୁ ଜୋଣିବୋ ପୋଇଁ ବୋ font ୁ read ରିବୋପୋଇଁ
OCR ର Use ରୋଯୋଇଥୋଏ ।
 OMR
➢ Optical Mark Reader
➢ Shadowed Part ୁ Read ରିବୋ ପୋଇଁ ଏହୋ ୁ Use ରୋଯୋଏ ।
 BCR
➢ Bar Code Reader
➢ Shopping Mall ଆଦିକର Use ରୋଯୋଉଥିବୋ Input Device ।
➢ Barcode କର Machine language ର Use ରୋଯୋଇଥୋଏ ।
 MICR
➢ Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
➢ Bank Cheque ଉପକର କଲଖୋଯୋଇଥିବୋ Special type ର code ୁ Read ରିବୋ
ପୋଇଁ use ରୋଯୋଏ ।
TOUCH SCREEN
DIGITAL CAMERA
MICRO PHONE
SMART CARD READER
GRAPHICS TABLET
VIDEO CAPTURE HARDWARE
OUT PUT
DEVICE
Device which gives data to user is called
Output Device.
1. MONITOR
2. PRINTER
3. SPEAKER
4. PLOTTER
5. PROJECTOR
 MONITOR
➢ VDU (Visual Display Unit) କବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Soft Copy Output କବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Monitor ଉପକର କଦଖୋଯୋଉଥିବୋ Picture କ ୋଟ କ ୋଟ dots ଦ୍ୱୋରୋ ଠିତ । ଏହି dots ୁ
pixels ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ । ଏମୋନ୍ଙ୍କର color ସବୁକବକେ change କହୋଇଥୋଏ । ଏହୋ ୁ refresh କବୋଲି
ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Numbers of Pixels= Resolution
➢ Monitor ଉପକର Horizontally ଏବଂ Vertically Pixels ସଂଖୟୋ= Resolution
➢ Resolution ୁ High ରିବୋର Process ୁ Up sampling ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
 MONITOR
➢ The quality of picture depends on Resolution.
➢ CRT-CATHODE RAY TUBE
➢ LCD-LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
➢ LED-LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
➢ TFT-THIN FILM TRANSISTER
 PRINTER
➢ Hard Copy Output କବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ 2 types of Printers – 1.IMPACT PRINTER 2.NON-IMPACT PRINTER
IMPACT PRINTER
Two types of IMPACT PRINTER .
1.Character Printer (Mono Printer / Serial Printer) (Type writer କର ବୟବହୋର
ରୋଯୋଏ) ଏହୋ ମଧ୍ୟ 2 ପ୍ର ୋର । 1.Dot Matrix Printer 2.Daisy Wheel Printer
2.Line Printer- ଏହୋ ମଧ୍ୟ 2 ପ୍ର ୋର । 1.Drum Printer
2.Chain Printer
 PRINTER
NON-IMPACT PRINTER
Two types of NON-IMPACT PRINTER .
1.Inkjet Printer
2.Laser Jet Printer
 SPEAKER
➢ Computer କର Sound ପୋଇଁ Sound cardର use ରୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Sound Card ଟି Mother Board କର Attach କହୋଇଥୋଏ ।
 PLOTTER
➢ Large Scaleକର Printing ରିବୋ ପୋଇଁ Plotter ର Use ରୋଯୋଇଥୋଏ । ଯଥୋ- Banner,
Flex ଆଦି ।
PROJECTER
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
CONTROL UNIT

INPUT DEVICE ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT OUTPUT DEVICE

MEMORY UNIT

BACKING STORE
➢ First Time data ୁ input କଲ ତୋହୋ ପ୍ରଥକମ CU ପୋଖ ୁ ଯୋଇଥୋଏ ।
CU check କର data mathematical ବୋ logical ି ନ୍ୋହିଁ । ଯଦି
mathematical ବୋ logical କହୋଇଥୋଏ କତକବ CU କସହି data ୁ
ALU ପୋଖ ୁ send କର । ଏହି process ୁ Fetching ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Input ରୋଯୋଇଥିବୋ high level language ୁ Computer ର
machine language କର convert ରିବୋର process ୁ encoding
ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
 MEMORY UNIT (REGISTER)
PRIMARY/ MAIN/ INTERNAL/ SEMI SECONDARY/ EXTERNAL/ AUXILLARY/
CONDUCTER MEMORY BACKING STORAGE DEVICE

➢ HDD/SDD
VOLATILE
MEMORY
CACHE
MEMORY
NON VOLATILE
MEMORY
➢ CD
➢ DVD
➢ FDD
RAM ROM ➢ MAGNETIC TAPE
➢ BRD
S-RAM D-RAM PROM EPROM EEPROM
➢ USB
 UNITS OF MEMORY
Smallest Unit of Memory:- bit (binary digits)
4bit:- 1 nibble
8 bits :- 1 byte
1024 bytes :- 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB :- 1 MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB :- 1 GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB :- 1 TB (Tera Byte)
Largest Unit of Memory :- TB (Tera Byte)
1024 TB :-1 PB(Peta Byte)
1024 PB:-1 EB (Exa Byte)
1024 EB :- 1 ZB (Zetta Byte)
1024 ZB :- 1 YB (Yotta Byte)
 ROM (READ ONLY MEMORY)
➢ ଏହୋ ଏପରି ଏ Memory କଯଉଁଥିକର Written Data ୁ କ ବେ Read ରୋଯୋଇ ପୋରିବ ନ୍ତ ି ୁ ି ି ବି Write ରୋଯୋଇପୋରିବ
ନ୍ୋହିଁ ।
➢ ଏହୋ Computerର ଏ Permanent Memory .
➢ Computer ର Startup Instructions ROM କର ହିଁ ଥୋଏ ।
➢ ROM ଏ Silicon ର Chip ଯୋହୋ ି Mother Board କର Attach କହୋଇଥୋଏ ।
➢ Manufacturing Process ବୋ ନ୍ିମମୋଣ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟୋ ସମୟକର ROM କର କଲଖୋଯୋଇଥିବୋ Data ୁ Firmware ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ ଏହୋ NON-VOLATILE ଅକଟ ।
➢ Computer ର Input ତଥୋ Output Devices ୁ ପରସ୍ପର ସହିତ Connect ରିବୋ ପୋଇଁ ROM
➢ ଦ୍ୱୋରୋ ଏ Program RUN ରୋଯୋଏ ଯୋହୋ ୁ BIOS (Basic Input Output System ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ ଏଥିକର POST (Power On Self Test) ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟୋ ମଧ୍ୟ ୋଯମୟ ରିଥୋଏ ।
➢ Computer Start କହବୋ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟୋ ୁ Booting ୁ ହୋଯୋଏ ।
➢ Booting 2 types – Cold Booting
Warm Booting
 PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)

EPROM ( Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory )

 RAM( RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
ଏହୋ ଏପରି Memory ଅକଟ କଯଉଁଥିକର ସବୁ Directly Store କହୋଇଯୋଏ ଯୋହୋ ବି Computer
କର Input ରୋଯୋଏ ।
ଏହୋ Volatile ଅକଟ ।
CACHE MEMORY