Solution

ELECTRICITY

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1. (a) same current flowing through them when connected in series
Explanation: In series combination, the current does not change because each resistor receives a common current. In other
words, the current does not get divided into branches.
2.
(c) if one lamp fails the others remain lit
Explanation: When the lamps are arranged in parallel connection, the current flowing through them is different. Therefore, if
one lamp fails, the others remain lit.
3.
(c) IR2
Explanation:
Electrical power (P) is the rate at which electric energy is lost (dissipated) or consumed in an electrical device due to
2

resistance (R). P = V × I = I
2
× R=
V

R
where V is the potential difference across the resistor and I is the current passing
through the resistor.

4.
(c) 300 %
Explanation: Let the original value of current is I ampere.
The new value of current I = I + 100%I = 2I
′

Now, the new power P = I R = 4I ⋅ R = 4P

′ ′2

So, the change in power = P − P = 3P

′

Therefore, the change in power in terms of percentage is 300%.

5.
(d) 4.8 amp
Explanation: First case:
Given,
Current, I = 2.4amp
Voltage, V = 120V
We know that,
V = IR
120 = 2.4 × R
R= 120

2.4
= 50 Ohm
Second case:
Given,
Voltage, V = 240 volt
Resistance, r = 50 Ohm
We know that,
V = IR
240 = I × 50
I = 4.8 amp
6.
(d) 2Ω
Explanation: The resistance of each resistor = 1

2
Ω

Maximum resistance can be found when the resistors are conned in series combination.
Thus for series combination

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 Re = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
Re = 1

2
+
1

2
+
1

2
+
1

2
= 4

Re = 2 Ω
7. (a) 16
Explanation: 16
8.
(c) Rupees 24
Explanation: It is given that the electrical energy cost is Rupees 4

kW h

Time duration is 3 hours

The power of the electric heater is 2kW
Using the given information we can calculate the amount for 3 hours as Rupees 24
9.
(c) IR2
Explanation: IR2
10.
(b) Insulator
Explanation: Insulator
11.
(b) 10 A
Explanation: the rating of the fuse is10 A
Section B
12. According to Ohm’s law, the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) across
its ends, provided its physical conditions remain the same.
Ohm's law does not hold good under all conditions as it is not a fundamental law of nature like Newton's laws.
It is obeyed by metallic conductors only when physical conditions like temperature etc. are kept unchanged. It is not obeyed by a
lamp filament, Junction diode, thermistor, etc.
13. The resistance of a wire (R) depends on the following factors:
(a)Resisatnce is directly proportional to the length of the wire. R ∝ l (length of the conductor)
(b)Resistance is inversely proportional to the area of cross-section of the wire. R ∝ (area of cross - section)
1

(c) R ∝ t (temperature)
(d) R depends on the nature of material.
14. (a) Electrical resistance of a conductor may be considered as a measure of the opposition offered by it for flow of electric charge
through it.
Mathematically,R= V/I .Its S.I. unit is ohm(Ω)
ρL
(b) (i) R = ........................... (1)
A

New length L' = 2L and A /

=
A

2
(since volume remains same)
/
ρL
Therefore, R' = /
A
ρ2L
R' = ...................... (2)
A/2

ρL
R' = 4 ( A
)

R' = 4R (from relation 1)

Therefore, resistance of the wire becomes 4 times its original resistance.
(b) (ii) Since Resistivity does not depend on the dimensions of a wire. So it remains unchanged.
Section C

15. a. In first case : 1= 1Ω and 2 = 106Ω

6
1 1 1 1 1 10 + 1
∴ = + = + =
Rp R1 R2 1 6 6
10 10

1 1,000,000+1 1,000,001
= =
Rp 1,000,000 1,000,000

1,000,000
Rp = = 0.999999Ω
1,000,001

or Rp = 1Ω

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 b. In second case, R1= 1Ω , R2 = 103Ω , R3 = 106Ω
5 3
1 1 1 1 10 + 10 +1
= + + =
Rp 1 2 6 5
10 10 10

1 1000000+1000+1 1001001
= =
Rp 1000000 1000000

1,000,000
Rp = = 0.999000001Ω
1,001,001

Rp = 1Ω

16. a.

b. According to ohm's law (V = IR). As Current (I) directly, proportional to the voltage. So, As voltage reaches to zero value
current in the circuit also become zero or if we extend the line joining coordinates of voltage and current. It will pass through
origin.
c. Ohm's law, It states that at constant temperature current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the
voltage across the two points.
17. i. I. RAB = R1 + R2 + R3
II. RA
1
=
R1
1
+
R2
1
+
1

R3
B

ii. According to ohm's law (V = IR). Slope of V-I graph gives resistance. So greater the slope of graph, greater will be its
resistance. Since we know that equivalent resistance in series is greater than the equivalent resistance in Parallel. So the first
(I) graph is correct representation of V-I graph in series and Parallel combination.
Section D
18. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The heating effect of current is obtained by transformation of electrical energy into heat energy. Just as mechanical energy used to
overcome friction is covered into heat, in the same way, electrical energy is converted into heat energy when an electric current
flows through a resistance wire. The heat produced in a conductor, when a current flows through it is found to depend directly on
(a) strength of current (b) resistance of the conductor (c) time for which the current flows.
The mathematical expression is given by H = I2Rt.
The electrical fuse, electrical heater, electric iron, electric geyser etc. all are based on the heating effect of current.
(i) Low resistance, high melting point.
(ii) High resistance, low melting point
Electric Fuse is based on the principle of the heating effect of Electric current.
(iii)Given: H = I2Rt
So, H' = (2I ) 2
⋅
R

2
t =2H
(iv)Given: I = 5 A, resistance = R. Let r be the new radius.
Now, H = i2Rt ...(a)
Also H' = I2R' t ...(b)
From (a) and (b), 5 × ρ 2 L

2
2
t = 10 × ρ
L

′2
⋅ t
πr πr
′
25
=
100
⇒
r

r
= 2 ⇒ r' = 2r
r2 r′2

Section E

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19. a.

b. Given : R1 = 10Ω , R2 = 20Ω and R3 = 30Ω

Equivalent resistance of parallel combination = 1

R eq
= 1

R1
+ 1

R2
+ 1

R3

∴
1

Req
= 1

10
+ 1

20
+ 30
1

⇒ Req = 5.45 Ω
c. Electric current drown
I= V

=
10

5.45
=
0

45
ampere
20. i. Series combination:

Here, R1 = 15Ω , R2 = 15Ω

Total resistance of the series combination is given by, Rs = R1 + R2 = 15 + 15 = 30Ω
Applied voltage is given by V = 6V
2 2
V 6 36
So, Power consume by resistor given by P1 = Rs
=
30
=
30
= 1.2 W
Thus, power consume in series is 1.2W
ii. Parallel combination:

Here, R1 = 15Ω , R2 = 15Ω

Total resistance Rp of the parallel combination is given by,
1

Rp
=
R1
1
+
1

R2
= 1

15
+
1

15
=
2

15

2 2
V 6 36×2
Power, P2 = Rp
=
5
=
15
= 4.8 W
Power consume in parallel is 4.8W
Now, the ratio of the powers consumed in the two combinations is given by,
P1

P2
=
1.2

4.8
=
12

48
= 1

∴ P1 : P2 = 1 : 4

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