CSIR NET QIP Series

09 Nuclear and Particle Physics

Physics by fiziks

Practice Set – Nuclear and Particle Physics

NET – JRF Physical Science Previous Year Question
(June-2011 To June-2021)

S.NO Topic Number of Question

1. Basic Properties of Nuclei 4
2. Liquid Drop Model 7
3. Nuclear Shell Model 9
4. Nuclear Forces and Deutron 3
5. Radioactivity Basics 2
6. Alpha, Beta and Gamma Decay 6
7. Nuclear Fission and Fusion 0
8. Particle Physics 26
Total Number of Question 57

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 GATE QIP Series Physics by fiziks
01 Mathematical Physics

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 CSIR NET QIP Series
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03 Nuclear and Particle Physics

1. Basics Properties of Nuclei

Q1. The radius of a 64

29Cu nucleus is measured to be 4.8  10-13 cm. The radius of a 27
12 Mg

nucleus can be estimated to be

(a) 2.86  10-13 cm (b) 5.2 10-13 cm (c) 3.6 10-13 cm (d) 8.6 10-13 cm
NET/JRF (JUNE-2011)
A
Q2. The intrinsic electric dipole moment of a nucleus Z X
(a) increases with Z , but independent of A
(b) decreases with Z , but independent of A
(c) is always zero
(d) increases with Z and A
NET/JRF (DEC-2013)
Q3. In deep inelastic scattering electrons are scattered off protons to determine if a proton has
any internal structure. The energy of the electron for this must be at least
(a) 1.25  10 9 eV (b) 1.25  1012 eV (c) 1.25  10 6 eV (d) 1.25  10 8 eV
NET/JRF (DEC-2014)
49 49
Q4. The difference in the Coulomb energy between the mirror nuclei 24 Cr and 25 Mn is

6.0 MeV . Assuming that the nuclei have a spherically symmetric charge distribution and

e2 49
that is approximately 1.0 MeV-fm, the radius of the Mn nucleus is
4 0
25

(a) 4.9  10-13 m (b) 4.9  10-15 m

(c) 5.1  10-13 m (d) 5.1  10-15 m
NET/JRF (DEC-2011)
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03 Nuclear and Particle Physics

1. Basics Properties of Nuclei (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
1/ 3
 AMg 
1/ 3
RMg  27 
Solution: Since R  R0  A      
1/ 3

RCu  ACu   64 
RMg 3 3
   RMg   4.8  10 13  3.6  10 13 cm.
RCu 4 4
Ans. 2: (c)
Ans. 3: (b)
Solution: The internal structure of proton can only be determined if the wavelength of the
incoming electron is nearly equal to the size of the proton
i.e.   R  1.2 A1/ 3  fm  1.2 fm  1.2  1015 m

h h
According to de-Broglie relation,   
p 2mE
This can be also written as E 2  h 2  2 / c 2  m02 c 4

Ans. 4: (b)
3  1  10 15
Solution: R 
3e 2
5  W
Z 12  Z 22  
5 6
25 2  24 2   4.9  10 15 m .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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2. Liquid Drop Model

Q1. The root-mean-square (r.m.s) energy of a nucleon in a nucleus of atomic number A in its
ground state varies as:

(a) A4 / 3 (b) A1 / 3 (c) A1 / 3 (d) A2 / 3

Q2. Let ES denotes the contribution of the surface energy per nucleon in the liquid drop

model. The ratio ES  27

13 
Al : ES  64
30 
Zn is

(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 3 : 2

NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)

Q3. The binding energy of a light nucleus Z , A in MeV is given by the approximate formula

B A, Z   16 A  20 A 2/3 3
 Z 2 A 1 / 3  30
N  Z  2

4 A
where N  A  Z is the neutron number. The value of Z of the most stable isobar for a
given A is
1 1 1
A A2 / 3  A A A2 / 3  A A4 / 3 
(a) 1   (b) (c) 1   (d) 1  
2 160  2 2 120  2 64 

NET/JRF (JUNE-2013)
Q4. If the binding energy B of a nucleus (mass number A and charge Z ) is given by

 2Z  A
2
aC Z 2
B  aV A  aS A 2/3
 asym 
A A1/ 3

where aV  16 MeV , a S  16 MeV , a sym  24 MeV and aC  0.75 MeV , then for the most

stable isobar for a nucleus with A  216 is

(a) 68 (b) 72 (c) 84 (d) 92
NET/JRF (DEC-2014)
Q5. Of the nuclei of mass number A  125 , the binding energy calculated from the liquid
drop model (given that the coefficients for the Coulomb and the asymmetry energy are

ac  0.7 MeV and asym  22.5 MeV respectively) is a maximum for

125 124 125 125

(a) 54 Xe (b) 53 I (c) 52 Te (d) 51 Sb

NET/JRF (DEC-2015)

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Q6. The Bethe-Weizsacker formula for the binding energy (in MeV) of a nucleus of atomic
number Z and mass number A is

Z  Z  1  A  2Z 
2

15.8 A  18.3 A 2/3

 0.714 1/ 3
 23.2
A A
The ratio Z / A for the most stable isobar of a A  64 nucleus, is nearest to
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.35 (c) 0.45 (d) 0.50
Q7. The binding energy B of a nucleus is approximated by the formula

B  a1 A  a2 A2 / 3  a3 Z 2 A1/ 3  a4  A  2Z  A1 , where Z is the atomic number and A

2

a4
is the mass number of the nucleus. If  30 . The atomic number Z for naturally stable
a2
isobars (constant value of A ) is
30 A 30 A 60 A 120 A
(a) (b) (c) (d)
60  A2 / 3 30  A2 / 3 120  A2 / 3 60  A2 / 3
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2. Liquid Drop Model (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
Ans. 2: (b)
2 1 1
E  Al   27  3  64  3 4
1 
B A  3
Solution: ES   A3 S   
ES  Z n  1 1
A A
    3

64 3 27 3

Ans. 3: (a)
1
B A A2 / 3 
Solution:  0  Z   1  
Z Z Z  2 160 

Ans. 4: (c)
dB 2  2Z  A   2 2aC Z
Solution: For the most stable isobar for a nucleus  0  asym  1/ 3  0
dZ A A
2  2 Z  216   2 2Z 4  2Z  216  3 2Z
 24  0.75 0   0
 216 
1/ 3
216 9 4 6

4  2 Z  216  Z
   0  16  2 Z  216   9 Z  0  41Z  216  16  Z  82.3
9 4
Ans. 5: (c)

 
2/3
4aa  ac A1/ 3 4aa A  ac A2 / 3 4  22.5  125  0.7 53
Solution: Z 0    Z0 
2ac A1/ 3  8aa A1 8aa  2ac A2 / 3  
2/3
8  22.5  2  0.7 53
11250  17.5 11267.5
 Z0    52.4  Z 0  52
180  35 215
Ans. 6: (c)
A Z 1
Solution: Z 0   0 
a A a
2  c A2 / 3 2  c A2 / 3
2aa 2a a
given ac  0.714 and aa  23.2

Z0 1 1 1
     0.45
  
2/3

2/3
A 2 0.714 2/3 2 0.015 A 2 0.015 64
A
2  23.2
Thus correct option is (c)

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Ans. 7: (c)

Solution: B  a1 A  a2 A2 / 3  a3 Z 2 A1/ 3  a4  A  2 Z  A1

2

B a  2Z  a 2  A  2Z  2 
For most isobar  0   3 1/ 3  4 0
Z A A
Z A Z
 a3 1/ 3
 2a4  4a4
A A A


Z
A
 
a3 A2 / 3  4a4  2a4  Z 
2a4 A
2/3

A
a3 A  4a4 2  3 A2 / 3
a
2a4
A 60 A
Z  
1 2 / 3 120  A2 / 3
2 A
60
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03 Nuclear and Particle Physics

3. Nuclear Shell Model

Q1. Let us approximate the nuclear potential in the shell model by a three dimensional
isotropic harmonic oscillator. Since the lowest two energy levels have angular momenta
l  0 and l  1 respectively, which of the following two nuclei have magic numbers of
protons and neutrons?
(a) 42 He and 16
8 O (b) 12 D and 84 Be (c) 42 He and 84 Be (d) 42 He and 12
6 C

NET/JRF (JUNE-2015)
Q2. According to the shell model the spin and parity of the two nuclei 125 89
51 Sb and 38 Sr are,

respectively,
   
5 5 5 7
(a)   and   (b)   and  
2 2 2 2
   
7 5 7 7
(c)   and   (d)   and  
2 2 2 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2011)
Q3. According to the shell model, the total angular momentum (in units of  ) and the parity
of the ground state of the 37 Li nucleus is

3 3
(a) with negative parity (b) with positive parity
2 2
1 7
(c) with positive parity (d) with negative parity
2 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2013)
27
Q4. According to the shell model, the nuclear magnetic moment of the 13 Al nucleus is (Given

that for a proton gl  1, g s  5.586 , and for a neutron gl  0, g s  3.826 )

(a) 1.913  N (b) 14.414  N (c) 4.793  N (d) 0

NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)
Q5. The spin-parity assignments for the ground and first excited states of the isotope 57
28 Ni , in

the single particle shell model, are

   
1 3 5 7
(a)   and   (b)   and  
2 2 2 2
   
3 5 3 5
(c)   and   (d)   and  
2 2 2 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2017)

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238
Q6. The first excited state of the rotational spectrum of the nucleus 92 U has an energy

45 keV above the ground state. The energy of the second excited state (in keV) is
(a) 150 (b) 120 (c) 90 (d) 60
NET/JRF (DEC-2017)
Q7. The low lying energy levels due to the vibrational excitations of an even-even nucleus are
shown in the figure below.

0 E4  1.35 MeV
2 E3  1.25 MeV
4 E2  1.17 MeV
 2E

jp E1  0.56 MeV

E

0 E0  0 MeV

The spin-parity j p of the level E1 is

(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2

NET/JRF (DEC-2018)
Q8. An excited state of a 84 Be nucleus decays into two  -particles which are in a spin-

parity 0 state. If the mean life-time of this decay is 1022 s , the spin-parity of the excited
state of the nucleus is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 4
Q9. The magnetic moments of a proton and a neutron are 2.792  N and 1.913  N , where

 N is the nucleon magnetic moment. The values of the magnetic moments of the mirror
19 19
nuclei 9 F10 and 10 Ne9 , respectively, in the Shell model, are closest to

(a) 23.652  N and 18.873  N (b) 26.283  N and 16.983  N

(c) 2.628  N and 1.887  N (d) 2.628  N and 1.887  N

NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
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3. Nuclear Shell Model (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
Solution: 2 He4 has Z  2, N  2

and 8 O16 has Z  8, N  8 magic numbers  2,8, 20, 28,50,82,126 

Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: 125
51 Sb ; Z  51 and N  74
Z  51

 s1/ 2   p3/ 2   p1/ 2   d5 / 2   s1/ 2   d3/ 2   f 7 / 2   p3/ 2   f5 / 2   p1/ 2   g9 / 2   g7 / 2 

2 4 2 6 2 4 8 4 6 2 10 1


7 7
 j and l  4 . Thus spin and parity   
2 2
89
38 Sr ; Z  38 and N  51
N  51:

 s1/ 2   p3/ 2   p1/ 2   d5 / 2   s1/ 2   d3/ 2   f 7 / 2   p3/ 2   f5 / 2   p1/ 2   g9 / 2   g 7 / 2 

2 4 2 6 2 4 8 4 6 2 10 1


7 7
 j  and l  4 . Thus spin and parity   
2 2
Ans. 3: (a)
Solution: Z  3, N  4

  
For odd Z  3; s12/ 2 p31 / 2  j  3 / 2, l  1 and parity   11  1 .

Ans. 4: (c)
5
Solution: 13 Al 27 : Z  13, N  14 for Z  13, S1/2 2 , P3/4 2 , P1/22 , d5/5 2  j  , l  2
2

 2 j  1  g S   N  2   1  5.586  N    4.793  N

1 1 5
Magnetic moment,  
2 2 2 
Ans. 5: (d)
Solution: Spin parity for 28 Ni 57 for ground state and first excited state

For 28 Ni 57 : P  28 , N  29  will decide the j P

So, for N  29 , ground state configuration,

1s1/2 21 p3/4 21 p1/2 21d5/6 2 2s1/2 21d3/4 21 f 78/ 2 2 p3/1 2

3
So, j  , l  1
2

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
3
Spin parity for ground state of 28 Ni    57

2
For first excited state,
1s1/2 21 p3/4 21 p1/2 21d5/6 2 2s1/2 21d 3/4 21 f 78/ 2 2 p3/1 2  1 f 5/ 2

5 5
P  , l  3  spin parity   
2 2
Ans. 6:
Solution: As per the shell model (Collective Model)
Rotational Energies,
2
Er  J  J  1 , I  is moment of inertia where only even value of J are allowed
2I
i.e., J  0 , 2 , 4 , 6 ,........
Now, for ground state J  0 , E  0 keV

For first excited stat, J  2 , E  45keV (given)

2  2 45
So, 45 keV   2  3 or,  keV (i)
2I 2I 6
Now, for second excited state, J  4
2 2
E2   4  5 (put value of from (i))
2I 2I
45 900
or, E2   20   150 keV .
6 6
Ans. 7: (d)
Solution: Quadrupole oscillations are the lowest order nuclear vibrational mode. The quanta of
vibrational energy are called phonons. A quadrupole phonon carries 2 units of angular

momentum. Therefore, the parity is P   1  ve

2

Also, the even-even ground state is O  . The 1 phonon excited state is 2 . The 2 phonons
excited states are 0 , 2 , 4 . Thus correct option is (a)

1.35 ___ 0 

1.25 ____ 2  2 -phonons

1.17 ____ 4 

0.56 ____ 2 :1 -phonon

0 ____ 0 : Ground state

meV

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Ans. 8: (a)
Solution: The parity angular momentum selection rule in  -decay says that, if the initial and
final particles are same, the I must be even; if the parties are different, then I must be odd.

The ground state is 0 thus spin-parity of excited state must be 2 . Thus correct option is (a)
Ans. 9: (d)
Solution: 199 F10 : p  9  :1s1/2 21 p3/2 21 p1/2 21d52/ 2

5 1 1
j  2 l 
2 2 2
Z F 19
  N  i  2.29    N  2.5  2.29   4.79  N
19
10 Ne9 : N  9  :1s1/2 21 p3/4 21 p1/2 21d 5/1 2

5 1
j l
2 2
z Ne19
 1.91 N

These value are closet to option (d)

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4. Nuclear Forces and Deutron Problem

Q1. The reaction 2
1 D 12 D 42 He   0 cannot proceed via strong interactions because it
violates the conservation of
(a) Angular momentum (b) Electric charge
(c) Baryon number (d) Isospin
NET/JRF (JUNE-2015)
Q2. A deuteron d captures a charged pion   in the l  1 state, and subsequently decays into
a pair of neutrons  n  via strong interaction. Given that the intrinsic parities of   , d and

n are 1, 1 and 1 respectively, the spin wavefunction of the final state neutrons is
(a) Linear combination of a singlet and a triplet
(b) Singlet
(c) Triplet
(d) Doublet
NET/JRF (JUNE-2018)
Q3. The strong nuclear force between a neutron and a proton in a zero orbital angular
momentum state is denoted by Fnp  r  , where r is the separation between them.

Similarly, Fnn  r  and Fpp  r  denote the forces between a pair of neutrons and protons,

respectively, in zero orbital momentum state. Which of the following is true on average if
the inter-nucleon distance is 0.2 fm  r  2 fm ?
(a) Fnp is attractive for triplet spin state, and Fnn , Fpp are always repulsive

(b) Fnn and Fnp are always attractive and Fpp is repulsive in the triplet spin state

(c) Fpp and Fnp are always attractive and Fnn is always repulsive

(d) All three forces are always attractive

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4. Nuclear Forces and Deutron Problem (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
Solution: 1 D 2  1 D 2  2 He 4   0 (Not conserved)
I: 0 0  0 1
This isopin is not conserved in above reaction.
Ans. 2: (b)
Solution: Parity must conserve intersections
 d nn
The parity of the initial state is
1
 1 P Pd   1  1 1  1
l

The parity of the final state is

 1 Pn Pn   1  1 1   1  1

l l l
l  0, 2,....

because the nucleons are identical fermions, the allowed states of two nucleons are 1 S0 , 3 P0,1,2

corresponding to l  0 and l  1 . Thus only l  0 (singlet) is allowed.

Ans. 3: (b)
Solution: Inside the nucleus the interaction between neutron neutron and newtran-proton is
always attractive due to nuclear force whereas between proton-proton it is repulusive due to
coulombic interaction:
Thus Fnn and Fnp are always attractive and Fpp is repulsive

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5. Radioactivity Basics

Q1. A radioactive element X decays to Y , which in turn decays to a stable element Z . The
decay constant from X to Y is 1 , and that from Y to Z is 2 . If, to begin with, there are

1 1
only N 0 atoms of X , at short times ( t  as well as ) the number of atoms of Z
1 2
will be
1 12
(a) 12 N 0t 2 (b) N 0t
2 2  1  2 

(c)  1  2  N 0t 2 (d)  1  2  N 0t
2

NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)
Q2. The nuclei of 137
Cs decay by the emission of  -particles with a half-life of 30.08
years. The activity (in units of disintegrations per second or Bq ) of a 1mg source of
137
Cs , prepared on January 1, 1980 , as measured on January 1, 2021 is closest to

(a) 1.79  1016 (b) 1.79  109 (c) 1.24  1016 (d) 1.24  109
NET/JRF (JUNE-2021)

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5. Radioactivity Basics (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
1 2
X   Y  Z
Solution: t  0 N0 0 0
t N1 N2 N3
dN 2 dN
Rate equations N1  N 0 e  1t ,  1 N1  2 N 2 , 3  2 N 2
dt dt
  e 2t  e  1 t 
N 3  N 0 1  1  2 
  2  1   2  1  
 1  22t 2  2  12t 2  
 N 0 1   1   t     1   t  
  2  1   2   2  1  
2 1
2  
 1  t 1 22t 2 2 2 1t 2 12t 2 
 N 0 1   1 2     
  2  1   2  1   2  1  2  2  1   2  1   2  1  2 
 1  2t 2 2  2t 2    t 2   1  1
 N0   2   1   1 2 N0  2    12 N 0t
2

  2  1  2  2  1  2  2  2  1 2  1  2

Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: A   N   N 0 e t

0.693 103 
0.693
 40
   6.02  10  e
23 30.08
30.08 yrs 137

 0.023  4.3  1018  e 0.922 (Disintegration per year)

 0.023  4.3  1018  0.3977
 0.0393  1018 (Disintegration per year)
0.0393  1018
 (dps)
365  24  60  60
 1.24  109 (dps)

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6. Alpha, Beta and Gamma Decay

Q1. What should be the minimum energy of a photon for it to split an  -particle at rest into a
tritium and a proton?
4
(The masses of 2 He, 13 H and 1
1 H are 4.0026 amu,3.0161 amu and 1.0073amu

respectively, and 1 amu  938 MeV )

(a) 32.2 MeV (b) 3MeV (c) 19.3 MeV (d) 931.5 MeV

NET/JRF (DEC-2016)
Q2. If in a spontaneous  - decay of 232
92 U at rest, the total energy released in the reaction is

Q , then the energy carried by the  - particle is

(a) 57Q / 58 (b) Q / 57 (c) Q / 58 (d) 23Q / 58

NET/JRF (JUNE-2017)
Q3. The reaction 63
Cu29  p  63
Zn30  n is followed by a prompt   decay of zinc
63
Zn30  63Cu29  e   ve . If the maximum energy of the position is 2.4 MeV , the Q -

value of the original reaction in MeV is nearest to

[Take the masses of electron, proton and neutron to be 0.5 MeV / c 2 ,938 MeV / c 2 and

939.5 MeV / c 2 ,respectively.]

(a) 4.4 (b) 2.4 (c) 4.8 (d) 3.4

NET/JRF (JUNE-2018)
Q4. A nucleus decays by the emission of a gamma ray from an excited state of spin parity 2
to the ground state with spin-parity 0 what is the type of the corresponding radiation?
(a) Magnetic dipole (b) Electric quadrupole
(c) Electric dipole (d) Magnetic quadrupole
NET/JRF (DEC-2018)

1
Q5. The ground state of 207
12 Pb nucleus has spin-parity J p  , while the first excited state
2

5
has J  p
.The electromagnetic radiation emitted when the nucleus makes a transition
2
from the first excited state to ground state are
(a) E2 and E3 (b) M2 or E3 (c) E2 or M3 (d) M2 or M3
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Q6. A 60
Co nucleus  -decays from its ground state with J P  5 to a state of 60
Ni with

J P  4 . From the angular momentum selection rules, the allowed values of the orbital
angular momentum L and the total spin S of the electron-antineutrino pair are
(a) L  0 and S  1 (b) L  1 and S  0
(c) L  0 and S  0 (d) L  1 and S  1
NET/JRF- (JUNE-2021)

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6. Alpha, Beta and Gamma Decay (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: From conservation of energy

E  m c 2  m1H 3 c 2  m1H 1 c 2

or E   m1H 3  m1H 1  m   938 MeV  19.5 MeV

Ans. 2: (a)
Solution: Energy carried by the   particle is

 A4 228 57
KE   Q  Q Q
 A  232 58

Ans. 3: (a)

Solution: For 63
Zn30 63 Cu29  e  e

Q1   Zn  30e   Cu  29e  e   Zn  Cu  2e  2.4 MeV

For 63
Cu29  p  63
Zn30  n

Q0   Cu  29e   p    Zn  30e   n 

 Cu  Zn  e  p  n   Q1  2e   e  p  n  Q1  e  p  n 

 2.4   0.5  938  939.5   4.4.MeV

Ans. 4: (b)

Solution: I i  2 , I  0

 L  2 and parity change

 The transition is of electric quadrupole  E2  nature.

Ans. 5: (c)
Solution: No parity change; J  2,3

For El type,    1 , (for no parity change l  2 )

l

For M l type,    1 , (for no parity change l  3 )

l 1

J  2 , No parity change  E 2 ; J  3 , No parity change  M 3

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Ans. 6: (a)
Solution:
60
Co  60 Ni     e
5+ 4+
Here  J  1 ,   No
So, the given transition is allowed Gamow-Teller transition. So allowed values of the orbital
angular momentum L and total spins of the electron-antineutrino pair are
L  0 and S  1

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7. Particle Physics
1
Q1. Consider the decay A  B  C of a relativistic spin - particle A . Which of the
2
following statements is true in the rest frame of the particle A ?
1
(a) The spin of both B and C may be
2
(b) The sum of the masses of B and C is greater than the mass of A
(c) The energy of B is uniquely determined by the masses of the particles
(d) The spin of both B and C may be integral
NET/JRF (JUNE-2019)
Q2. The charm quark S assigned a charm quantum number C  1 . How should the
Gellmann-Nishijima formula for electric charge be modified for four flavors of quarks?
1 1
(a) I 3  B  S C (b) I 3  B  S  C
2 2
1 1
(c) I 3  B  S C (d) I 3  B  S  C
2 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2015)
Q3. A spin-1/2 particle A undergoes the delay A  B  C  D , where it is known
that B and C are also spin-1/2 particles. The complete set of allowed values of the spin of
the particle D is
1 3 5 1 1 3 5 7
(a) ,1, , 2, , 3, ... (b) 0, 1 (c) only (d) , , , ,....
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2013)
Q4. A baryon X decays by strong interaction as X         0 , where   is a member
of the isotriplet    , 0 ,    . The third component I 3 of the isospin of X is

(a) 0 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 1 (d) 3 / 2

NET/JRF (JUNE-2017)
Q5. The reaction 2
1 D 12 D  42 He   0 cannot proceed via strong interactions because it

violates the conservation of

(a) Angular momentum (b) Electric charge
(c) Baryon number (d) Isospin
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Q6. A beam of pions (π+) is incident on a proton target, giving rise to the process
  p  n  
Assuming that the decay proceeds through strong interactions, the total isospin I and its
third component I3 for the decay products, are
3 3 5 5
(a) I  , I 3  (b) I  , I 3 
2 2 2 2
5 3 1 1
(c) I  , I 3  (d) I  , I 3  
2 2 2 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2011)
Q7. A beam of pions (π+) is incident on a proton target, giving rise to the process
  p  n  
Using isospin symmetry, the cross-section for the above process can be related to that of
the process
(a)  n  p  (b)  p  n  
     

(c)  n  p  (d)  p  n 
     

Q8. The dominant interactions underlying the following processes

A. K   p      , B.       K   K  , C.    p   0 are

(a) A: strong, B: electromagnetic and; C: weak

(b) A: strong, B: weak and; C: weak
(c) A: weak, B: electromagnetic and; C: strong

(d) A: weak, B: electromagnetic and; C: weak

NET/JRF (JUNE-2012)
Q9. Consider the four processes
(i) p   n  e   ve (ii) 0  p   e   ve

(iii)    e   ve (iv)  0    
which of the above is/are forbidden for free particles?
(a) Only (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii)
NET/JRF (DEC-2014)
Q10. Consider the following processes involving free particles
(i) n  p  e   ve (ii) p  n   

(iii) p  n      0   0 (iv) p  ve  n  e 
Which of the following statements is true?
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(a) Process (i) obeys all conservation laws
(b) Process (ii) conserves baryon number, but violates energy-momentum conservation
(c) process (iii) is not allowed by strong interaction but is allowed by weak interactions
(d) Process (iv) conserves baryon number, but violates lepton number conservation
NET/JRF (DEC-2015)
Q11. Which of the following reaction(s) is/are allowed by the conservation laws?
(i)    n   0  K 
(ii)    p   0  K 0
(a) Both (i) and (ii) (b) Only (i)
(c) Only (ii) (d) Neither (i) nor (ii)
NET/JRF (DEC-2016)
Q12. Which of the following process is not allowed by the strong interaction but is allowed by
the weak interaction?
(a) K 0   0  K 0       (b) p  n  d  p  p

(c)    K 0  p  n (d) p     n   
NET/JRF (DEC-2017)
Q13. Which of the following elementary particle processes does not conserve strangeness?
(a)  0  p  k    0 (b)    p  k 0   0

(c)  0   0  n (d) K 0      
NET/JRF (JUNE-2018)
Q14. Which of the following decay processes is allowed?
(a) K 0       (b)    e   

(c) n  p    (d) n      
Q15. The recently-discovered Higgs boson at the LHC experiment has a decay mode into a
photon and a Z boson. If the rest masses of the Higgs and Z boson are 125 GeV/c 2 and

90 GeV/c 2 respectively, and the decaying Higgs particle is at rest, the energy of the
photon will approximately be
(a) 35 3 GeV (b) 35 GeV (c) 30 GeV (d) 15 GeV
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Q16. In the large hadron collider  LHC  , two equal energy proton beams traverse in opposite

directions along a circular path of length 27 km . If the total centre of mass energy of a
proton-proton pair is 14 TeV , which of the following is the best approximation for the
proper time taken by a proton to traverse the entire path?
(a) 12 ns (b) 1.2  s (c) 1.2 ns (d) 0.12  s
NET/JRF (JUNE-2016)
Q17. Muons are produced through the annihilation of particle a and its anti-particle, namely
the process a  a       . A muon has a rest mass of 105 MeV/c2 and its proper life
time is 2 s . If the center of mass energy of the collision is 2.1 GeV in the laboratory
frame that coincides with the center-of-mass frame, then the fraction of muons that will
decay before they reach a detector placed 6 km away from the interaction point is
(a) e 1 (b) 1  e 1 (c) 1  e 2 (d) e 10
NET/JRF (JUNE-2013)
Q18. In a classical model, a scalar (spin-0) meson consists of a quark and an antiquark bound
b
by a potential V r   ar  , where a  200 MeV fm -1 and b  100 MeV fm . If the
r
masses of the quark and antiquark are negligible, the mass of the meson can be estimated
as approximately
(a) 141 MeV/c 2 (b) 283 MeV/c 2 (c) 353 MeV/c 2 (d) 425 MeV/c 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2014)
Q19. The range of the nuclear force between two nucleons due to the exchange of pions is
1.40 fm . If the mass of pion is 140 MeV / c 2 and the mass of the rho-meson is

770 MeV / c 2 , then the range of the force due to exchange of rho-mesons is
(a) 1.40 fm (b) 7.70 fm (c) 0.25 fm (d) 0.18 fm
NET/JRF (JUNE-2017)
Q20. The mean life-time of the following decays:
0       ,  0     ,    e  e  v , are   ,   and   respectively.
They satisfy
(a)         (b)         (c)         (d)        

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Q21. A particle, which is a composite state of three quarks u, d and s , has electric charge,
spin and strangeness respectively, equal to
1 1 1
(a) 1, , 1 (b) 0, 0, 1 (c) 0, , 1 (d) 1,   1
2 2 2
NET/JRF (DEC-2016)
Q22. The elastic scattering of a neutrino  e by an electron e  , i.e. the reaction

 e  e   e  e can be described by the interaction Hamiltonian

GF d 3 x  e  x     e  x     e  x    e  x  
1
H int 
2 
The cross-section of the above process depends on the centre of mass energy E , as
1
(a) (b) E 2 (c) E (d) E
E2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2019)
Q23. A deuteron d captures a charged pion   in the l  1 state, and subsequently decays into
a pair of neutrons  n  via strong interaction. Given that the intrinsic parities of   , d and

n are 1, 1 and 1 respectively, the spin wavefunction of the final state neutrons is
(a) Linear combination of a singlet and a triplet
(b) Singlet
(c) Triplet
(d) Doublet
NET/JRF (JUNE-2018)
 
Q24. Charged pions   decay to muons   and anti-muon neutrinos v ;       v . Take

the rest masses of a muon and a pion to be 105 MeV and 140 MeV , respectively. The
probability that the measurement of the muon spin along the direction of its momentum is
positive, is closest to
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (c) 1 (d) 0
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
Q25. The Q -value of the  -decay of 232
Th to the ground state of 228
Ra in 4082 keV . The
maximum possible kinetic energy of the  -particle is closest to
(a) 4082 keV (b) 4050 keV (c) 4035 keV (d) 4012 keV
NET/JRF (JUNE-2021)

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Q26. In the reaction p  n  p  K   X mediated by strong interaction, the baryon number

B , strangeness S and the third component of isospin I 3 of the particle X are,
respectively
1
(a) 1,  1 and 1 (b) 1,  1 and 1 (c) 1,  2 and  (d) 1,  1 and 0
2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2021)
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7. Particle Physics
Ans. 1: (c)
Ans. 2: (d)
1
Solution: From Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula Q  I 3  B  S
2
1
For Quark it is generalized as Q  I 3  B  S  C
2
Ans. 3: (c)
Solution: Spin of the left side and combined spin of the products must be same to conserve the
spin angular momentum conservation law.
Ans. 4: (a)
Solution: X        0

I 3 :1
1 0

 I 3 for X is 0 .

Ans. 5: (d)
Solution: 1 D 2  1 D 2  2 He 4   0 (Not conserved)
I: 0 0  0 1
This isopin is not conserved in above reaction.
Ans. 6: (c)
1 5 1 3
Solution:    p  n       ; I : 1 1  , I3 :  1 1 
2 2 2 2
Ans. 7: (c)
Ans. 8: (a)
(A) K   p      (Strong interaction)

1 1
I 3 :    1  1 (Conserved)
2 2
(B)       K   K  (Electromagnetic interaction)

(C)    p   0 (Weak interaction)

1
I3 :1  0 (Not conserved)
2

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Ans. 9: (d)
Solution: (i) p   n  e   e [Not allowed]
It violate energy conservation. The mass of proton is less than mass of neutron. Free proton is
stable and can not decay to neutron. Proton can decay to neutron only inside the nucleus, where
energy violation is taken care by Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
(ii)  0  p   e    e [Not allowed]. In this decay charge is not conserved

(iii)    e  e [allowed through Weak interaction]

(iv)  0     [allowed through Electromagnetic interaction]

Ans. 10: (b)
Solution: (i) n  p  e  ve

q 0 1 1 0 (conserved)
1 1 1 1
spin     (not conserved)
2 2 2 2
Le 0 0  1  1 (not conserved)
(ii) Baryon number is conserved but energy and momentum conservation violated.
(iii) spin is not conserved
(iv) obeys all conservation laws.
Ans. 11: (a)
Solution: (i)    n   0  K 
q :1  0  0  1
B : 0 1  1 0
S : 0  0  1  1
Reaction is allowed
(ii)    p   0  K 0
q : 1  1  0  0
B : 0 1  1 0
S : 0  0  1  1
Reaction is allowed

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Ans. 12: (a)
Solution: (1) K 0   0  K 0      
Charge 0 0 0 1 1 Conserved
Spin 0 0 0 0 0 Conserved
1 1
I 1 1 1 Not conserved
2 2
1 1
I3 0  1 1  I3  1
2 2
S 1 0 1 0 0 S  1
This interaction is not allowed by strong interaction but allowed by weak interaction.
Ans. 13: (d)
Solution:
 0  p  k   0
(a) Conserved
S: 0 0  1 1

  p  k 0  0
(b) Conserved
S: 0 0 1 1

0  0 n
(c) Conserved
S: 0 0 0

K0     
(d) Not conserved
S : 1 0 0
Ans. 14: (a)
Solution: q : 0 1 1 : conserved
1 1
Spin: 0 : conserved
2 2
L : 0 1 1 : conserved

1
I: 0 0 : Not conserved
2
1
I3 : 0 0 : Not conserved
2
S: 1 0 0 : Not conserved
Thus this is an allowed decay through weak interaction.

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Ans. 15: (c)
Solution: Assume H is symbol of Higgs boson, H  Z 

E H2  E Z2 1252  902
E    30GeV
2EH 2  125
Ans. 16: (a)
Solution: The proton travel at nearly speed of light in LHC , therefore
d 27 103
t   9 105 sec
c 3 108

v2 t
Since, proton is relativistic, t0  t 1  
c2 
1 m0 c 2 938 MeV 938 106 eV
 E   m0 c 2      1.34  104
 E 7 TeV 7  1012 eV
t
Thus, t0   9  105  1.34 104  1.2 108 sec  12 ns

Ans. 17: (b)
t
N  2.1
 t
Solution: N  N 0 e   e t  e  , where   2  10 6 s ,    10 3  20 and
N0 105

6  10 3
1
t 1 N 
t  2  10 5 sec . Thus    e 2  1  e 1 .
3  10 8
 2 N0
Ans. 18: (b)
Solution: At equilibrium separation the potential is minimum, thus the equilibrium separation
can be determined as
dV  r  b b 100MeVfm 1
a 2
 0  r0   1
 fm
dr r  r0
r0 a 200MeVfm 2

The equilibrium separation between particles is also estimated by uncertainty principle


r0  ct  r0  c ( where, Et  )
E
Where, c is the velocity of the virtual meson
 200MeV . fm
r0  c 
E E MeV 
200MeV . fm 1
Using above two relation  fm
E MeV  2
E  200 2  283MeV  E  m  c 2
E
the mass of the meson m  2
 283MeV / c 2
c

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Ans. 19: (c)
c
Solution: Range for nuclear force between nucleon will be R  ct  and c  199MeVfm
mc 2
199 MeVfm
R  0.25 fm
MeV 2
770 2  c
c
Ans. 20: (c)
Solution: The characteristic time for strong, electromagnetic and weak interaction are
 1023 sec,1020 sec and 1011 sec

0       is strong interaction with    10 23 sec

 0     is electromagnetic interaction with    10 20 sec

   e    e    is weak interaction with    10 11 sec

Thus,         . The correct option is (c)

Ans. 21: (c)

Solution: charge, spin and strangers of Quarks u , d & s are given as
U D S Total
Charge 2 1 1 0
3 3 3
Spin 1 1 1 1 3
or
2 2 2 2 2
Strangeness 0 0 1 1
If a particle x is a composite of u , d & s , then net charge, spin and strangeness on x is
net charge  0
1 3
net spin  or and net strangeness  1
2 2
Ans. 22: (c)
Solution: Feynman diagram for the process of electron-neutron scattering.

The kinematics of elastic neutrino electron scattering is fully described by a single variable; for
instance, by  e , the angle of the outgoing electron with respect to the neutrino beam. If Ev and
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Ee be the energies of the incoming neutrino and outgoing electron, me the electron mass, and

y  Ee / Ev be the fractional energy loss of the neutrino in the laboratory frame. From the
effective Lagrangian the differential cross-section, often called y-distribution for the case of high
neutrino energy ( Ev  Ee )

d 2GF2 me
 g L2, R Ev    Ev
dy 
Thus, option (c) is correct.
Ans. 23: (b)
Solution: Parity must conserve intersections
 d nn
The parity of the initial state is
1
 1 P Pd   1  1 1  1
l

The parity of the final state is

 1 Pn Pn   1  1 1   1  1

l l l
l  0, 2,....

because the nucleons are identical fermions, the allowed states of two nucleons are 1 S0 , 3 P0,1,2

corresponding to l  0 and l  1 . Thus only l  0 (singlet) is allowed.

Ans. 24: (c)
Ans. 25: (d)
Solution: Q  4082 KeV

A
Q  K
A4
232
4082   K
232  4
228
K   4082  4012 KeV
238
Ans. 26: (b)
Solution:
p  n  p  K  X

B 1 1 1 0 1
S 0 0 0 +1 –1
1 1 1 1
I3     –1
2 2 2 2

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