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3.1arrays of Point Sources, Field of Two Isotropic Point Sources, Principle of Pattern Multiplication

Antenna

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19 views44 pages

3.1arrays of Point Sources, Field of Two Isotropic Point Sources, Principle of Pattern Multiplication

Antenna

Uploaded by

www.vjnshylasree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arrays of point

sources, field of two


isotropic point
sources, principle of
pattern
multiplication
ANTENNA WORKING

An antenna is a transducer that converts electromagnetic radiations into alternating current


and vice versa.

In the transmitting end,the information to be transmitted is applied as oscillating voltage to the


antenna. The applied voltage gives rise to surface currents, which in turn gives rise to oscillating
electric and magnetic fields. The energy produced by these fields is radiated as electromagnetic
waves into space.

In the receiving end of the antenna, the electromagnetic waves from space cause a
photon-electron interaction in the antenna, resulting in a current flow on it's surface which
recreates the original signal.
ANTENNA ARRAY OF POINT SOURCE

In this module we will be talking about array of antennas.

Array of antenna-If we take multiple amount of same antennas and place it together.
Why do we need Antenna arrays

To increase gain of collective system

By increasing gain it will also increases directivity of entire system


The two circular arrays are each composed of 2677 crossed dipole antennas.
Coordinate system

If the array of antenna is placed on single axis such as x axis,y axis or z axis-It is
known as single dimensional array or linear antenna array.

If it is place in 2D- 2 dimensional antenna array or planar antenna array.


Types of Antenna Arrays

1. Broadside Array (BSA)

2. End-Fire Array (EFA)

3. Collinear Array

4. Parasitic Array
BROADSIDE ARRAY

It is array system in which a no of identical parallel antennas are setup along a line perpendicular
to array axis

This arrangement radiates in broadside directions that is perpendicular to array axis


END-FIRE ARRAY
It is similar to broadside array except that individual elements are fed out-of-phase (180
degree)No of identical elements are fed with currents of equal magnitude but their phases vary
progressively along the line
COLLINEAR ARRAY
The antennas are arranged coaxially antennas are mounted end to end
to end in single line
one antenna is stacked over another antenna
The individual elements are fed with equal in phase currents
It is a broadside radiators.The direction of maximum radiation is
perpendicular to the line of antenna
HORIZONTAL COLLINEAR ARRAY
PARASITIC ANTENNA - YAGI UDA ANTENNA
FIELD DUE TO 2 POINT ISOTROPIC SOURCES

Isotropic sources -
Consider two isotropic point sources 1 and 2 having current supplied with equal amplitude and
same phase.

Due to current supplied to both is equal , electric field magnitude generated by both elements
will be equal

E1=E2=E0

Radiation produced by source 2 leads radiation produced by source 1 by a factor.

Lag is known as path difference


Two point Array separated Half wavelength
RADIATION PATTERN
FOR HALF POWER BEAMWIDTH
RADIATION PATTERN OF TWO POINT ARRAY
SEPARATED BY A WAVELENGTH
PRINCIPLE OF PATTERN MULTIPLICATION

An antenna that radiates equally in all directions

With the help of this method, it is possible to sketch rapidly almost by inspection, the pattern of
arrays

Array of 4 isotropic source separated by λ/2


We need to calculate the pattern of X and Y inorder to calculate the group pattern of antenna.

Antenna that is separated by a distance of /2 will have a null at 0 & 180 degree.

Antenna that is separated by a distance of will have a null at 60 & 120 degree.
Pattern of X= group pattern of 1 and 2

Resultant Pattern= unit pattern of X or Y ✖ group pattern of X andY


Resultant Pattern= unit pattern of X or Y ✖ group pattern of X andY
Resultant Pattern= (unit pattern of X or Y) ✖ (group pattern of X andY)
PRINCIPLE OF PATTERN MULTIPLICATION OF 8
ISOTROPIC POINT SOURCES

Pattern of A = group pattern of 1 & 2


Antenna that is separated by a distance of will have a null at 60 & 120 degree.

Antenna that is separated by a distance of will have a null


at 48 & 76 degree.

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