DISASTER READINESS

AND RISK REDUCTION

OTHER RELATED GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

WEEK 10
MODULE 10

Most Essential Learning Competency:

1. Interpret geological maps. DRR11/12-IIa-b-30
2. Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and properties.
DRR11/12-IIa-b-31
Learning Competency

Interpret geological maps DRR11/12-IIa-b-30

Objectives

 Identify the different elements of a geohazard map;

 Interpret geohazard maps provided by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau to
identify areas prone to landslide and flooding.
 Be aware of how geologically dynamic is the area in which they live in;
 Be aware of the potential geohazards they are exposed to in their barangay
and
 Identify possible safe evacuation routes in case of landslide and floods.

Introduction

Geologic mapping is vitally important to education, science, business and a

wide variety of public policy concerns. For example, geologic maps help us assess the
likelihood, prepare for, and minimize damage from natural hazards. Learn more about
geologic maps and their relation. (Earth Science Week)
The learners are able to:

Learning Experience

Using Geo-Hazard Maps

Areas that have the
highest vulnerability to rainfall-
induced landslide have already
been identified by the MGB of the
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) through
their Geohazard Mapping and
Assessment Program (See Figure
6.7). This program to provide
accurate and detailed profile of the
terrain of the Philippine soils. The
maps generated from this project
have combined landslide and
flooding hazards as these two are
the most common geologic issues
in sloping areas during rainfall. The
general geohazard map can be
viewed online through
http:/gdis.denr.gov.ph/ mgbviewer/.
Fig. 6.7 Map showing the areas in the Philippines most prone to
Once on the Web site, you can click
landslide
any place in the Philippines and a Source:
pop-up info comes out. Click on the http:/philippinegeographic.blogspot.com/2013_08_01_archive.ht
ml (accessed on 27 May 2015)
“attachment” icon and you will be
redirected to the landslide susceptibility and/ or flooding hazard map of that province.
Dark shaded areas of the map indicate the highest susceptibility to landslide. Moderate
susceptibility is green while low is yellow (sample shown in Figure 6.8).

Maps on probabilities of sinkholes, on the other hand, have not been

generated yet. However, after recent incidences and discoveries of large sinkholes in
other countries, the DENR is encouraging provincial or municipal initiatives to conduct
soil drilling/testing using GPR to detect any possible areas for sinkholes.

Activity 1: Let’s Try This

Study the hazard map below, then answer the following questions:
I. What are the different color used to distinguish different areas in the map?
II. What does color mean regarding the susceptibility of an area for a specific
hazard? (see comments to the right).
III. For each hazard and level susceptibility, what actions should someone in
a particular area take periods of intense rain?

Fig. 6.8 Landslide and flood susceptibility map of Quezon City Quadrangle in Metro Manila
Activity 2: Let’s Try This

Using the geohazard map where the learner’s house is located.

Do the following:
1. Obtain the approximate location of his/her house in terms of coordinates?
2. The approximate distance of his/her house to the closet major road
3. Is his/her house located in an areas susceptible to rain-induced landslide/
Is his/her house located in an area susceptible to flooding?
Learning Competency

Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss of lives and properties DRR11/12-IIa-b-31

Objectives

 Analyze stability of slope using non-expert tools assessing susceptibility to rain-

induced landslide; and
 Synthesize an action plan involving both prevention/mitigation and
adaption/preparedness components.

Learning Experience

Mitigation — actions taken to prevent or reduce the risk to life, property, social and
economic activities, and natural resources from natural hazards — is central to the
Decade initiative. Awareness, education, preparedness, and prediction and warning
systems can reduce the disruptive impacts of a natural disaster on communities.
Mitigation measures such as adoption of zoning, land-use practices, and building codes
are needed, however, to prevent or reduce actual damage from hazards. Avoiding
development in landslide- and flood-prone areas through planning and zoning
ordinances, for example, may save money in construction and reduce the loss of life and
damage to property and natural resources. Post disaster studies continue to confirm the
fundamental fact that community investment in mitigation pays direct dividends when a
disaster occurs.

Precautionary Measure in Case of a Landslide or a Sinkholes

Vulnerability and exposure to geohazards is determined and validated
through scientific tools, visible signs, and maps, communities are advised to take
precautionary measure to prevent unnecessary damage to lives and properties.

Landslides
if Your Area Is Prone to Landslide
 Plant more trees,
grasses, and other
vegetation to prevent
erosion and for
compaction of soil.
 Build channels for
diversion of mudflow or
debris flow to direct the
flow away from your
property. Make sure Fig 6.9. Seek higher grounds during a landslide.
though that diversion Source:http://www.docstoc.com/docs/102608843/LANDSLID
does not affect any E-PREPAREDNESS-AND-SAFETY-MEASURES
neighbor or any property and/or cause more significant damage as a result.
 Do not build your house on or near steep slopes, mountain edges,
drainages, or natural erosion valleys.
Before a Landslide
 Be familiar with your surroundings. Watch for any changes in appearance
or positions of these objects. When there is a sudden debris flow, this could
a good indicator of an incoming landslide.
 Avoid open storm-water drainage and runoff as these areas are likely to
receive debris and soil from higher elevations, especially when there is a
storm or heavy rainfall.
 Be updated on news regarding the condition of your area. Be aware of the
disaster plans of your local government.
 Learn and participate in emergency response and evacuation plans for your
community.

During a Landslide
 Be attentive to unusual such as cracking objects, moving debris, and rolling
boulders.
 Stay away from the path of debris. This is more dangerous if mudflow
occurs because it increases in strength as it meets more water from ponds
or streams and it could be aggravated by heavy rain.
 Stay on an elevated and sturdy area. Avoid low-lying areas and steep
slopes.
 If escape Is not possible, curl into a tight ball and protect your head. Find a
structure that can serve to protect you from the flow of debris.

After a Landslide
 Avoid for the area. There is still danger of more landslides.
 Listen for the latest emergency information. Follow warnings and instruction
by the local government.
 If the landslide is caused by rainfall, watch out for flooding as it will follow
the same path taken by the debris flow.
 Check for injured or trapped people near the slide, and flooding as it will
follow and other potential hazards. Report these immediately to the
rescuers or authorities.

Sinkholes
If sinkholes are not detected earlier and it appears suddenly, do the following:
 Find refuge in a stable ground or open area.
 Wait until the structures on and around the sinkhole stops moving. Do not
attempt to go back and retrieve your belongings.
 Wait for the local government’s announcement when it is safe to go back.

After a Sinkhole’s Appearance

 Stay away from the sinkhole.
 Monitor the damages on objects. For example, If the crack gets longer or
wider the sinkhole may still ne enlarge.
 Do not throw anything into the sinkhole. Anything thrown into it may
contaminate the groundwater.
  Secure whatever is left of your properties and relocate to safe grounds,
preferably far from this location because the same bedrock or soil profile
may characterize the vicinities of the sinkhole.

As previously discussed the MGB has established a geohazard mapping

and assessment program showing the landslide and flooding vulnerability status
of every place in the Philippines. This serves as a vital tool for all concerned
agencies in preparing for every place in the Philippines. This serves as a vital tool
for all concerned agencies in preparing for an appropriate disaster plan in their
area. You may check the vulnerability status of your community at
http://gdis.denr.gov.ph/mgbview/ (accessed on 25 May 2019).

For sinkhole geology you can synthesize your recently gained information
through http://trialexhibitsinc.com/legal-exhibit/interactive-sinkhole-geology-p-
420.html by clicking on various animations of sinkhole formation and repair
methods.

Landslide and sinkholes are among the common

geohazards associated with heavy rainfall. These
geohazards happen because the water-saturated soil
becomes a weak foundation for heavy structures. However,
even without structures, these hazard are bound to happen,
but not sooner, because of the natural tendencies of the top
player of soil to loosen due to its type, porosity, and slope
elevation.

Activity 1: Let’s Try This

For each precautionary and safety measures for landslide, give your reasonable
indication of the threat posed by the precautionary and safety measures for
landslide for the area you live in. Answer the questions based on the following
options.
A. based on past experience
B. Gathered through interviews.

1. What precautionary and safety measures for landslide did your barangay/
locality use?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

2. Could this precautionary and safety measures for landslide effective in the
area you live in? explain your answer
 ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

3. Are the residents of the Barangay/Local familiarized the precautionary and

safety measures implemented by your barangay?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

4. Having information about precautionary and safety measures implemented

by your barangay. Do you think I will reduce casualties? explain your
answer
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Activity 2: Let’s Try This

Explain how mining company contributes to vulnerability to natural hazard.

Activity 3: Let’s Try This

Do a hazard analysis of your community using the tool discussed. Prepare a

pamphlet that shows different precautionary and safety measures for landslide
and sinkhole.
References

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DIWA Senior High School Series: Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Module

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