Computer System Servicing 10 - Reviewer

Written by : Jaden Marc Salarda

Note : This reviewer is based on the topics and lessons presented by the teachers and is
condensed for easier reviewing and convenience. Created by X-Mabini, we aim to aid co-
students in Grade 10. Goodluck, let us all ace this exam!

Lesson 1 – Types of Softwares

Software → refers to the set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate
computers and perform specific tasks. It is the non-physical component of a
computer system that enables hardware to function
and execute various operations.

Three Main Types of Software

- System Software (Main/Alpha Software) → manages the hardware of a
computer and provides a platform for other software to run.
● Types of System Softwares
1. Operating System - manages hardware and software resources on a
computer and provides services for running application software
(Examples : Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Android).
2. Language Processor - converts and runs high-level programming
languages into machine language that computers can understand and
use (Examples : C++, Java, Basic C, etc.)
● Low level language – use 1 & 0 to create instructions.
● Middle level language – use mnemonics to create instruction.
● High level language – similar to human language.
 3. Device Drivers - allows the operating system to communicate and control
hardware devices.
4. BIOS - controls the peripheral or the input-output devices attached to the
system. This software is also responsible for starting the OS or initiating
the booting process.
- Application Software → used to run to accomplish a particular action and task.
These are the dedicated software, dedicated to performing simple and single
tasks.
● Two types of Application Software
1. General Purpose Application Software - designed for a broad range of
tasks and can be used by a wide audience for various functions
(Examples : Web Browsers, Photo Editing Software, Multimedia
Application, Word Processors, Spreadsheet Software, Presentation
Software)

2. Specific Purpose Application Software - designed to perform a

specialized task or serve a particular function for a specific purpose.

- Utility Software → manufactured to help, analyze, configure, optimize or to

maintain a computer.
● Types of Utility Software
1. Antivirus Software
Examples : Avast free antivirus, AVG Antivirus.
2. Task Manager
Examples : Windows Task Manager
3. Disk Cleanup Tools
Examples : CCleaner, Windows Disk Cleanup
4. File Compression Tools
Examples : WinRAR, WinZip

Lesson 2 – The Operating System

Operating System → manages computer hardware and software resources while
providing a user interface for interaction. It also ensures that different programs
and users running on the computer can operate efficiently without interfering with
one another.
Functions of Operating System
● Process Management - It is responsible for managing processes, which includes
creating, scheduling, and terminating processes.
● Memory Management - It manages the computer's memory, allocating and deallocating
memory as needed by applications.
● File System Management - It handles the storage, organization, retrieval, and
management of data on storage devices.
● Device Management - It also manages input/output (I/O) devices such as keyboards,
printers, and monitors.
● Security & Access Control - ensures system security by managing user authentication,
permissions, and access controls.
● User Interface - provides a user interface, either a command-line interface (CLI) or
graphical user interface (GUI).

Types of Operating Systems

● Desktop Operating System
1. Windows - Developed by Microsoft, it is one of the most popular desktop OS
globally. It provides a user-friendly GUI and supports a wide range of hardware
and software.
2. Linux - an open-source OS used on both desktops and servers. It is
customizable, making it popular with developers and system administrators.
3. MacOS - Created by Apple, it is known for its sleek design and strong integration
with other Apple products.
● Mobile Operating System
1. iOS - proprietary OS used in iPhones and iPads. It emphasizes security and
integration with Apple’s ecosystem.
2. Android - Developed by Google, it is an open-source mobile OS widely used in
smartphones and tablets.
● Server Operating System
1. Windows Server - A version of Windows designed specifically for servers,
providing services like web hosting, database management, and file storage.
2. Linux Server - Linux-based servers, like Ubuntu Server and CentOS, are popular
for hosting websites, managing databases, and probiding cloud services.

Lesson 3 – Creating a Bootable Flash Drive

Bootable Flash Drive → a USB storage device that contains an operating system
(OS) installation or recovery files. Unlike a regular flash drive used for storing files, a
bootable flash drive can be used to start a computer directly from the USB port.

Step-by-Step Process of Creating a Bootable Flash Drive

● Step 1 : Download Windows 10 ISO File and Rufus.
 - Visit the Microsoft website or browse “Windows 10 ISO Image Download”, then
download the Create Windows 10 installation media
- Visit the Rufus official website or browse “rufus.ie” and download the latest
version.
- No installation is required as Rufus is a portable application. Simply run the
executable file after downloading.
● Step 2 : Insert the Flash Drive
- Plug the flash drive into one of your computer’s USB ports. Make sure the drive
is empty or you’ve backed up important files, as creating a bootable drive will
erase its contents.
● Step 3 : Open Rufus
- Launch the Rufus program. You should see your flash drive automatically
detected under the Device section.
● Step 4 : Select the Bootable ISO File
- Under boot selection, click on the SELECT button to browse and choose the ISO
file you want to use.
● Step 5 : Choose Partition Scheme and Target System
- Select the appropriate partition scheme based on your target system. For
modern UEFI systems, choose GPT. For older BIOS systems, select MBR.
- Rufus will automatically set the target system based on your selection.
● Step 6 : Set Volume Label and File System
- Rufus will suggest a default volume label, which you can change if desired.
- Leave the File system as FAT32 (or NTFS for larger files) and the Cluster size at
its default settings unless you have specific needs.
● Step 7 : Start the Process
- Once all the settings are correct, click START button. Rufus will prompt you with
a warning that all data on the flash drive will be erased. Confirm by clicking OK.
● Step 8 : Wait for the Process to Complete
- Rufus will now create the bootable flash drive. This process may take a few
minutes depending on the size of the ISO and the speed of your flash drive.
● Step 9 : Eject the Flash Drive
- Once the process is complete, you’ll see a message that says Ready. Click
CLOSE to exit Rufus.
- Safely eject the flash drive by right-clicking on the USB icon in the taskbar and
selecting Eject.

Lesson 4 – Procedures in Installing Windows 10

● Step 1 : Insert the bootable flash drive into your computer, then restart or power off.
● Step 2 : Press the F2/10/F12/Del key multiple times while the computer starts to open
the Boot/BIOS Setup.
● Step 3 : Select the drive unit that contains the Windows 10 installer.
 ● Step 4 : It will restart and will now boot to the first boot priority. The Installation process
begins.
- The first priority which is the driver with the installer of Windows 10 will now be
detected and the process of installation starts. The Microsoft Windows logo will
appear.
● Step 5 : Choose the language of the interface,the time and currency format, and the
keyboard layout.
● Step 6 : Choose to Install now.
● Step 7 : Next step is to enter the Windows 10 product key (skippable).
● Step 8 : Select the Windows edition you want to install.
● Step 9 : To proceed you need to agree to licensing terms (EULA).
● Step 10 : Select the installation type, wether upgrade or custom.
● Step 11 : Let the installer know the disk where Windows files will be copied.
- At this step, you can partition the existing disk into smaller virtual disks
(recommended for bigger disks). If you only have one unformatted disk just
select it and hit Next. The installer will create all needed partitions.
● Step 12 : The setup will now start to copy files.
- After finishing up, the system will let you restart the computer and then, kindly
remove the flash drive when it turns off to avoid installing all over again.
● Step 13 : Select the geographical region, and keyboard layout again.
● Step 14 : Select the type of predefined set-up : Personal Use or Organization.
● Step 15 : Create the first user account.
- Microsoft will push you towards using a Microsoft online account, but you can
also set up an offline account. For privacy reasons, it is suggested to set that up
later.
● Step 16 : Select 3 security questions for recovery.
- You now must select 3 security questions that will help you recover your account
in case you forget the password.
● Step 17 : Accept your choice of privacy settings. Accept Step 17 Cortana.
● Step 18 : You are finally greeted with the Windows 10 Desktop.

Final Note : All information presented is directly from the teachers’ presentation. Terms,
lessons, may be different depending on what your teacher had discussed. Goodluck on your
exams, dragons! 🐉