Title: Introduction to PLC
Programming
Objective: To introduce the fundamentals of programming
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and their role in
industrial automation.
Introduction: A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a
specialized computer designed to automate industrial
processes. It uses a combination of hardware and software to
execute control tasks, making it a critical component in
automation systems.
Basic Components of a PLC:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the PLC that
processes input data and executes control logic.
2. Input/Output Modules:
o Input Modules: Receive signals from sensors and
devices.
o Output Modules: Send control signals to actuators.
3. Programming Device: A computer or handheld device
used to write and upload programs to the PLC.
4. Power Supply: Provides electrical power to the PLC.
Programming Languages for PLCs:
1. Ladder Logic (LAD):
o Resembles electrical relay diagrams.
o Easy to understand and widely used in industries.
2. Function Block Diagram (FBD):
o Uses graphical blocks to represent functions.
o Ideal for process control applications.
3. Structured Text (ST):
o A high-level, text-based programming language.
o Suitable for complex algorithms.
4. Sequential Function Chart (SFC):
o Represents processes as a sequence of steps and
transitions.
Basic Programming Concepts:
1. Inputs and Outputs (I/O):
o Inputs (e.g., pushbuttons, sensors) trigger actions in
the PLC.
o Outputs (e.g., motors, alarms) respond based on
the program logic.
2. Timers:
o Used to create delays in the program.
o Types include ON-delay (TON) and OFF-delay (TOF)
timers.
3. Counters:
o Count events or objects.
o Can be up-counters or down-counters.
4. Logical Operations:
o AND, OR, NOT, and other logic gates are used to
build control logic.
Example Program: Objective: Turn on a motor when a start
button is pressed and stop it with a stop button.
Ladder Logic:
1. Input: Start Button (I0.0), Stop Button (I0.1)
2. Output: Motor (Q0.0)
Network Description
1 When I0.0 (Start) is pressed, Q0.0 (Motor) is set.
2 When I0.1 (Stop) is pressed, Q0.0 is reset.
Conclusion:
PLC programming is a fundamental skill in industrial
automation. By mastering programming concepts and
languages, engineers can create efficient and reliable
automation systems tailored to specific applications.
