Solution

SCIENCE CLASS 9
Class 09 - Science
1. W = Fs = (5N) × (2m) = 10J
2. Mass of luggage, m = 15 kg and displacement, s = 1.5 m
Work done, W = F × s = mg × s
= 15 kg × 10 ms-2 × 1.5 m
= 225 kg ms-2 m
= 225 N m = 225 J
Work done is 225 J.
-1
3. Mass of the object, m = 15 kg, velocity of the object, v = 4 ms
1 2
K. E. = mv
2

1 −1 −1
= × 15kg × 4ms × 4ms
2

= 120 J
The kinetic energy of the object is 120 J
4. We have given that,
Mass of the car, m =1500 kg, the initial velocity of the car, u = 30 km h-1
u= 30×1000m

60×60s

-1
= 25

3
ms
Similarly, the final velocity of the car,
-1 -1
v = 60 km h = ms 50

Therefore, the initial kinetic energy of the car,

1 2
Eki = mu
2

2
1 25 −1
= × 1500kg × ( ) ms
2 3

156250
= J
3

The final kinetic energy of the car

2
1 50 −1
Ekf = × 1500kg × ( ) ms
2 3

= 625000

3
J.
Thus, the work done = Change in kinetic energy =Ekf - Eki = 156250 J.
5. Mass of the object, m = 10 kg, displacement (height), h = 6 m, and acceleration due to
gravity, g = 9.8 ms-2.
From given Equation,
Potential energy = mgh
= 10 kg × 9.8 ms-2 × 6 m = 588 J
The potential energy is 588 J.
6. Mass of the object, m = 12 kg,
potential energy, Ep = 480 J.
Ep = mgh
480 J = 12 kg × 10 ms-2 × h
480J
h = −2
= 4m
120kgms

The object is at the height of 4 m.

7. i. Let us find Power expended by girl A:
Weight of the girl, mg = 400 N
Displacement (height), h = 8 m
Time taken, t = 20 s
Power, P =
W ork done

time taken

mgh
=
t

400N×8m
=
2OS

160 W
ii. Now, the power expended by girl B:
Weight of the girl, mg = 400 N Displacement (height), h = 8 m Time taken, t = 50 s
Power, P
mgh
=
t

400N×8m
=
50s

= 64 W.
The Power expended by girl A is 160 W.
The Power expended by girl B is 64 W.
8. Weight of the boy, mg = 50 kg × 10 m s-2 = 500 N
Height of the staircase, h = 45 × 15

100
m = 6.75 m
Time taken to climb, t = 9 s
power, P = Work done/time taken
mgh
=
t

500N×6.75m
=
9s

= 375 W.
Power is 375 W.
9. Since Work (W) = Force(F) × displacement(d)
= 7N × 8m = 56Nm or Joule
10. Work is said to be done when a force causes displacement of an object in the direction
of applied force.
11. Work done = Force × Displacement
i.e. W = F × S
12. 1J is that work which is done when a force of 1N is applied on an object and object
moves a distance of 1m in the direction of force.
13. W orkdone = F orce × displacement
= 140N × 15m = 2100J
14. The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy.
15. K.E. = mv2 1

where K.E. - kinetic energy of an object

'm' - mass of an object
'v' - velocity
16. K.E. of the object = 1

2
2
× m × 5

1
25 = × m × 25
2

m = (25 × 2) /25 = 2 kg
 If velocity is doubled
K. E. =
1

2
× 2 × 10
2
= 200/2 = 100 J i.e. K.E. will become four times
If velocity is increased three times
K. E. =
1

2
× 2 × 15
2
= 225 J i.e. K.E. will become nine times
17. Power is defined as the rate of doing work. It is measured in watt and also in horse
power.
18. When a work of 1 joule is done in 1 s, the power is said to be one watt.
19. P ower
Energy 1000
= = = 100 w
T ime 10

20. When a machine or person does different amounts of work or uses energy in different
interval of time, the ratio between the total work or energy consumed to the total time is
average power.
Average P ower =

T ime work done or energy consumed

T otal time

21. Work will be done if a force acts on an object and displacement occurs in the direction
of force. According to this explanation work is done in following activities:
a. Suma is doing work. She is applying force to move horizontally.
b. Donkey is not doing any work. Here, the displacement and the force are at 90°.
c. Work is done by the windmill. The water is lifted against force of gravity.
d. No work is done by a green plant during photosynthesis.
e. The engine applies a pulling force on the train, and the train moves in the direction of
this force. Therefore, engine is doing work.
f. During drying of food grains in the sun no work is done.
g. Work is done by the air. The sailboat moves in the direction of the force exerted by
wind.
22. Work done =force *displacement
For calculating work done there must be displacement but here in this example vertical
displacement is zero (as initial and final points lie on the same horizontal line) so the
work done by force of gravity is zero.
23. A battery has stored chemical energy. The chemical energy is converted into electrical
energy during lighting of bulb. So, a battery converts chemical energy into electrical
energy. The filament in the bulb becomes white hot and gives out light. Electrical energy
is converted into heat and light energy.
Thus, the energy changes involved in this process can be written as follows:
Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Heat energy + Light energy.
24. W.D. by the force when velocity is
5 ms-1 = mv2 = × 20 × (5)2 = 250J
1

2
1

W.D. by the force when velocity is 2ms-1 = 1

2
mv2 = 1

2
× 20 × (2)2 = 40J
Resultant W.D. by the force = Change in KE = 40 - 250 = - 210 J
25. No work is done, Since work done on the object by gravitational force depends upon
change in the vertical height of the object. Vertical height of the object is not changing
as the joining A and B is horizontal at the same height hence the work done is zero.
26. No, It doesn’t violate the law of conservation of energy because the potential energy of
a freely falling object decreases progressively since it keeps changing into kinetic
energy of the free falling object therefore the total energy to the object remains
conserved.
27. It is the transformation of chemical energy of food to heat energy to our muscular
energy to kinetic energy on paddling the bicycle.
28. There is no work done as displacement is zero. While we push a huge rock with all our
might(power) but fail to move it. energy transfer occurs and applied energy goes to
rock and earth.
29. Energy consumed by a certain household = 250 kWh
since 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10 6
J

therefore 250 kWh = 250 × 3.6 × 10 6 8

= 9 × 10 J

30. Mass of object (m) = 40 kg

Height (h) = 5 m
Acc. due to gravity (g) = 10 ms-2
∴ P.E. at a height of 5 m (PE) = mgh
= 40 × 10 × 5 = 2000J
P.E. at a half way height, i.e. : 2.5 m (PE)
= mgh
= 40 × 10 × 2.5
= 1000 J
Decrease in P.E. = Increase in K.E.
= 2000 - 1000
= 1000 J
31. When a satellite moves around the Earth in a circular path, then the force of gravity acts
on it directed towards the centre. The motion of the satellite is in the horizontal plane.
Therefore, the force of gravity of Earth on the satellite and the direction of motion of
satellite are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, net work done = Fs cos 900 = 0.
That is, the work done by the force of gravity on a satellite moving around the Earth is
zero.
32. Yes. For a uniformly moving object. If object is moving with constant velocity then inspite
of zero net force acting on object there is displacement along the motion.
33. When a person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired he
applies force in upward direction and displacement of bundle of hay is in forward
direction which is perpendicular to the direction of force applied therefore displacement
is zero
W = F × sCosθ

0
= F × sCos90

= F × 0 = 0

No work done.
34. Electric heater’s power (p) = 1500 W = 1.5 kW
Energy = power × time = 1.5kW × 10h = 15 kWh
35. When the pendulum bob is pulled (say towards left), the energy supplied is stored in it is
the form of P.E. on account of its higher position. When the pendulum is released so
that it starts moving towards right, then its P.E. changes into K.E., such that in mean
position, it has maximum K.E. and zero P.E. As the pendulum moves towards extreme
right, its K.E. changes into P.E. and zero K.E. When it moves from this extreme position
to mean position, its P.E. again changes to K.E. This illustrates the law of conservation of
energy. Eventually, the bob comes to rest, because during each oscillation a part of the
energy possessed by it transferred to air and in overcoming friction at the point of
suspension. Thus, the energy of the pendulum is dissipated in air.
The law of conservation of energy is not violated because the energy merely changes
its form and is not destroyed.
36. In order to bring the object to rest the work done must be equal to the kinetic energy of
the moving object = 1
/2mv
2

37. Initial velocity of the car (u) = 60 km/h = −1

(60 × 1000) /60 × 60 = 50/3ms

Final velocity (v) = 0 (object has to be stopped)

Initial kinetic energy = 1

2
× m × v
2

=
1

2
2
× 1500 × (50/3) = 208333.30 J
Final kinetic energy = 1

2
× 1500 × 0 =0
Therefore, work done = change in kinetic energy = 208333.30 - 0 = 208333.30 J
38. i. Since in this diagram displacement is perpendicular to the direction of force, so work
done is zero.
ii. Since in this diagram displacement is in the direction of force, so work done is
positive.
iii. Since in this diagram displacement is in the opposite direction of the force applied
hence work done is negative.
39. Yes we agree with her statement. Because when many balanced forces act on the
object its displacement becomes zero.
40. Since Energy = power × time
= 4 × 500 × 10 = 20000 Wh = 20 kWh
41. A free falling object has maximum kinetic energy before hitting. Eventually on hitting
ground it rolls and stops after some distance, since on striking the ground its kinetic
energy is used to work against friction and kinetic energy is converted to heat energy.
42. Sound is a form of energy that produces a sensation of hearing in our ears.
Sound is produced when any object vibrates/oscillates.

43.

Sound waves are propagated because of compressions and rarefactions in the particles
of the medium.
 The region, where particles come closer, is called compression and region where
particles move farther from each other is called rarefaction.
44. The ultrasound waves are allowed to pass through metal block to which detectors are
fitted. If there is a small defect in the metal block like an air bubble or a crack, then the
ultrasound waves are reflected from such spots. Metal block if defective is indicated by
the reflected ultrasonic waves.
45. Ultrasound is generally used to clean parts located in hard-to-reach places, for example,
spiral tube, odd shaped parts, electronic components etc. Objects to be cleaned are
placed in a cleaning solution and ultrasonic waves are sent into the solution. Due to the
high frequency, the particles of dust, grease and dirt get detached and drop out. The
objects thus get thoroughly cleaned.
46. Loudness is a measure of the response of the ear to the sound. Even when two sounds
are of equal intensity, we may hear one as louder than the other simply because our ear
detects it better.
Loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of those sound waves. Higher is the
amplitude of vibrating air particles louder will be the sound.
47. Reverberation is the repeated multiple reflections of sound in any big enclosed space. It
can be reduced by covering the ceiling and walls of the enclosed space with some
absorbing materials like fibre board, loose woollens etc.
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48. The speed of sound wave = 339 ms
Wavelength of sound wave = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m
Frequency of sound wave = = 22600 Hz
Speed of sound 339
∴ =
W avelength 0.015

The sound will not be audible, because a human being can hear only up to 20,000 Hz.
49. For the downward journey of stone.
Initial velocity (u) = 0
Distance i.e. (height) of tower (s) = 500 m
Time of fall (t1) = ?
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 ms-2
We know:
2
S = ut + 1

2
at
500 = 0 × t1 + ×10 × t121

⇒ 500 = 5t12
⇒ t12= 100
t1 = 10 s
For the sound travelling upward
Time taken (t2) = = 1.47 s
T otal dis tan ce ie. height 500
= =
Speed of sound 340

Time required to hear splash = t1 + t2 = 10 + 1.47 = 11.47 s

50. Two practical applications of reflection of sound waves
i. Megaphones or loudhailers, horns, musical instruments such as trumpets and
shehnais, are all designed to send sound in a particular direction without spreading it
 in all directions.

ii. A stethoscope is a medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced within
the body, chiefly in the heart or lungs. In stethoscopes, the sound of the patient’s
heartbeat reaches the doctor’s ears by multiple reflections of sound.
51. As the sensation of sound persists in our brain for about 0.1 s.To hear a distinct echo the
time interval between the original sound and the reflected one must be at least 0.1s.
Therefore the total distance covered by the sound from the point of generation to the
reflecting surface and back should be at least (344m/s) × 0.1s = 34.4 m. Thus, for
hearing distinct echoes, the minimum distance of the obstacle from the source of sound
must be half of this distance, that is, 17.2 m. Speed of sound will increase with increase in
temperature. Therefore, on a hotter day speed of sound will be greater hence echoes
may be heard more than once because of multiple reflections of sound.
52. Frequency of source of sound being 100 Hz means the sound source vibrates 100 times
in one second.
therefore vibrations made by sound source in 1 min (60 sec) = 100 × 60 = 6000
53. Yes. Sound follows the same laws of reflection as light does. We can say that because
here the directions in which the sound is incident and is reflected make equal angles
with the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence, and the three are in
the same plane.
54. Since speed of sound in air = 344 m/s
and speed of sound in aluminium = 6420 m/s
we know that v = distance/time therefore time = d/v
time taken by sound wave in air/time taken by sound wave in aluminium
d d 6420 18.66
= : = =
344 6420 344 1

the sound will take 18.66 times more time through air than in aluminium in reaching other
boy.
55. For 20 Hz sound waves the wavelength would be
v = n × λ

λ = v/n = 344/20 = 17.2 m

For 20 kHz sound waves the wavelength would be
v = n × λ

λ = v/n = 344ms /20000 Hz = 0.0172 m

−1

56. Since speed of thunder (sound) is much less (332 m/s) as compared to speed of flash
(light) which is about 3 × 108m/s therefore light travels faster than sound hence thunder
is heard a few seconds after the flash is seen.
57. Pitch of the sound wave.
58. Sound wave is called a longitudinal wave because sound waves travel in the air through
compressions and rarefactions.
59. As we speak, the particles of air near our mouth are pushed forward so they get
compressed. Then they compress the other particles of air. As the compression
proceeds, the particles of air near our mouth expand again and thus rarefaction occurs.
 This process is repeated further and as a result sound wave propagates in the form of
compressions and rarefactions in the medium till the sound reaches your ear.
60. When the peon strikes the school bell with a hammer, the particles of bell metal start
vibrating and those vibrations produce sound.
61. Mechanical waves are an oscillation of matter that requires a medium for their
propagation via the mechanism of particle-to-particle interaction. Since, sound also
requires a medium for its Propagation, hence it is also a mechanical wave.
62. No, I will not be able to hear sound, because Moon has no atmosphere. Therefore, no
sound waves can travel to your ears and therefore, no sound is heard.
63. a. The amplitude of the wave determines the loudness. The more the amplitude of a
wave, more is the loudness produced.
b. The pitch is determined by the frequency of the wave. The higher the frequency of a
wave, more is its pitch and shriller is the sound.
64. Sound of Guitar has a higher pitch.
65. a. Infrasound : Sound waves between the frequencies 1 to 20 Hz.
b. Ultrasound: Sound waves of the frequencies above 20,000 Hz.
66. 20 Hz to 20,000Hz.
67. Ceilings of concert halls are corned so that sound after reflection from the curved
surface which have greater surface area, can reach to all places of halls.
68. Speed of sound = distance/time
therefore, distance travelled by sound during echo = speed × time = 342 × 3 = 1026 m
so the distance of reflecting surface = 1026

2
= 513m

69. Sound will travel the fastest in iron at a particular temperature because the particles in
solid are closely packed and the sound wave jumps off each particle fastly.
70. Sound intensity is a property of the sound source but loudness depends on the
sound source, the medium and the receiver, as well.
Sound intensity holds a small significance in problems involving human hearing
system, but loudness is a very important property to consider in such problems.
Sound intensity is measured in Watt per square meter whereas loudness is
measured in Sones.
71. The time interval between successive compressions from the source
T = 1/v = 1/500 = 0.002 second.

72. Frequency = 220 Hz

Speed of sound = 440 ms-1
We know speed of sound = Frequency × wavelength
= 220 × wavelength
⇒ Wavelength = 440

220
= 2m
73. From the equation: v = n × λ
where v = velocity/speed
n = frequency of wave
λ= wavelength of wave

74. wavelength: For a sound wave, the combined length of compression and an adjacent
rarefaction is called its wavelength even the distance between centres of two
consecutive compressions or two consecutive rarefactions is also equal to its
wavelength.

frequency: The number of vibrations or oscillations per second is called frequency i.e. it
is the number of complete waves or cycles produced in one second.

time period: The time taken to complete one vibration/oscillation/complete wave is

called time period. It is measured in seconds.
amplitude: It is the maximum displacement of the particles of the medium from their
mean/original position at rest.