Republic of the Philippines

SULTAN KUDARAT STATE

UNIVERSITY
ACCESS, EJC Montilla, 9800
City of Tacurong, Province of
Sultan Kudarat COLLEGE OF
TEACHER EDUCATION

SEMI-DETAILED School SULTAN KUDARAT Grade 3RD YEAR

LESSON PLAN STATE UNIVERSITY- Level COLLEGE
ACCESS CAMPUS
Teacher HANINA MACAPANTON Learning TEACHING IN
Area SCIENCE

Teaching DEC ____, 2024 Quarter 1st Semester

Date
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of how genetic information is
Standards organized in genes on chromosomes and the different patterns of
inheritance.

B. Performance The learners should be able to demonstrate a foundational understanding

Standards of genetic concepts, including the organization of genes on chromosomes
and the patterns of inheritance. Students will apply their knowledge to
analyze genetic outcomes and evaluate various inheritance patterns
through collaborative group work. They are expected to communicate their
findings effectively, both in presentations and discussions, while reflecting
on their learning process to deepen their understanding of heredity and
variation.
C. Essential Learning At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
Competency
a. describe the location of genes in chromosomes
b. explain the different patters of non-Mendelian inheritance.

II.SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic Heredity, Inheritance and Variation
B. Materials • Laptop
• PowerPoint Presentation
• Smart TV
• HDMI Connector
• Markers
C. References What is a gene?: MedlinePlus Genetics. (n.d.).
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/gene/

Mendellian — Definition & Role - Expii. (n.d.). Expii.

https://www.expii.com/t/law-of-segregation-definition-role-10972

What are the different ways a genetic condition can be inherited?:

MedlinePlus Genetics. (n.d.).
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/inheritance/inheritancepatte
rns/
D. Other References

III. PROCEDURES
• Prayer
• Greetings
A. PRELIMINARY • Classroom Management (LAB Rules)

Listen Carefully: Pay close attention to the presenter speaking at the

front. This helps ensure everyone can fully engage with the material.

Ask to Speak: Raise your hand if you have any questions or wish to
participate. This keeps discussions orderly and respectful.

Be Device-Free: Avoid using your mobile devices during the

presentation. Staying focused will enhance your learning experience.

• Checking attendance
The teacher will review the previous lesson by asking a certain student in
B. REVIEW the class about the discussed topic last meeting.

ACTIVITY 1: KWL CHART!

C. MOTIVATION
The instructor will guide the students in completing the KWL chart, allowing
the teacher to assess their prior knowledge, track their learning progress,
and identify areas of curiosity.

The teacher and students will review and discuss the answers together.
The teacher will then allow representatives from the class to share their
findings with the class. Following the presentations, the teacher will pose a
D. ANALYSIS follow-up question to further engage the students.

Question:
What did you learn from first activity, and how has your
understanding of heredity and inheritance changed?
 “ Have you ever wondered why your hair is black or why your eyes are
brown?”

All organisms inherit the genetic information specifying their structure and
function from their parents. Likewise, all cells arise from preexisting cells, so
the genetic material must be replicated and passed from parent to progeny
cell at each cell division.

What are Genes?

A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are
made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called
proteins, which are needed for the body to function.

Figure 1: Genes
F. ABSTRACTION

WHERE ARE GENES FOUND?

A chromosome is made of a very long strand of DNA and contains

many genes (hundreds to thousands). The genes on each chromosome are
arranged in a particular sequence, and each gene has a particular location
on the chromosome (called its locus). The form of the gene that occupies the
same locus on each chromosome of a pair (one inherited from the mother
and one from the father) is called an allele. In addition to DNA, chromosomes
contain other chemical components that influence gene function.

Figure 2: Location of Locus

HOW CAN WE INHERIT CHARACTERISTICS?

Parents transmit traits and characteristics, such as eye color and blood type,
to their children through their genes. Some health conditions and diseases
can also be inherited in this way.

Each variation of a gene is known as an allele (pronounced ‘AL-eel’). The

two copies of a gene located in your chromosomes affect how your cells
function.

The two alleles in a gene pair come from each parent. These alleles interact
with one another in various ways.
 WHO IS GREGOR MENDEL?

Figure 3: Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel was an
Austrian monk in the 19th century who worked out the basic laws of
inheritance through experiments with pea plants. In his monastery garden,
Mendel performed thousands of crosses with pea plants, discovering how
characteristics are passed down from one generation to the next — namely,
dominant and recessive traits. Mendel’s early experiments provided the basis
of modern genetics.

Mendelian Inheritance

Law of Segregation: Each organism carries two alleles for each trait,
one inherited from each parent. During gamete formation, these alleles
segregate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.

Example:

Figure 3: Visualization of Law of Segration

Law of Independent Assortment: Genes for different traits are

inherited independently of one another, as long as the genes are located on
different chromosomes.

Figure 4: Visualization of Law of Independent Assortment

 Law of Dominance: The Law of Dominance says that when an
organism is heterozygous for a trait, only the dominant allele will produce a
phenotype.

Example:

Figure 5: Visualization of Law of Dominance

NON MENDELLIAN INHERITANCE

Incomplete Dominance: In this pattern, neither allele is completely

dominant, resulting in a blended phenotype.

Example:

Figure 6: Visualization of Incomplete Dominance

Codominance: Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype. An

example is blood type AB, where both A and B alleles are equally
expressed.

Example:

Figure 6: Visualization of Codominance

Multiple Alleles: A gene can have many different alleles within a population.
A single organism can only have two alleles because it receives one from
each of its parents. However, in a population, there can exist many different
forms of a gene. Having multiple alleles for a gene leads to things like many
different kinds of hair color and body size.
 Figure 7: Visualization of Multiple Alleles

Sex linked
Traits: Traits associated with genes located on sex chromosomes,
particularly the X chromosome.

Example:

Figure 8: Color Blindness in Male

Mitochondrial Inheritance: Traits passed down through mitochondrial

DNA, which is inherited maternally.

Example:

Figure 9: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

VARIATION IN HERITANCE

Autosomal Dominant - A trait or condition caused by a dominant gene

located on a non-sex chromosome.
 Example:

Figure 10: Huntington’s Disease

Autosomal Recessive - A trait or condition caused by a recessive gene

located on a non-sex chromosome, requiring two copies of the gene for the
condition to manifest.

Example:

Figure 11: Cystic Fibrosis

X-Linked Dominant - A trait or condition caused by a dominant gene

located on the X chromosome.

Example:

Figure 12: Fragile X Syndrome

X-Linked Recessive - A trait or condition caused by a recessive gene

located on the X chromosome, typically affecting males more severely.

Example:

Figure 13: Hemophilia

Y-Linked - A trait or condition caused by a gene located on the Y

chromosome, usually affecting only males.
 Example:

Figure 14: Infertility

ACTIVITY 2: PICK A MYSTERY BOX!

The instructor will divide the students into three groups, each with the
freedom to select from mystery boxes containing questions worth varying
points. Additionally, each group will receive two power-ups to enhance their
chances. They'll also have the option to gamble these power-ups; for
instance, using a 2x power-up on a question worth 2 points will double their
score if answered correctly. However, if the answer is incorrect, the deducted
points will also be doubled. The same applies to the 3x power-up. The group
with the highest accumulated score at the end will emerge as the winner.

G. APPLICATION

The teacher will ask random students to capsulize the discussion as a form
of generalization. If no one volunteers, the teacher will just give the
generalization himself.
H. GENERALIZATION

QUESTION: How can our knowledge of genetics help us predict the

likelihood of inheriting certain traits or genetic conditions, and how can
this information be used responsibly?
I. EVALUATION 10-Item Identification Exam
Instructions: Write the correct term or concept that matches the
description provided.

1. This is the basic unit of heredity that contains instructions for making
proteins and is made up of DNA.

2. This structure is composed of long strands of DNA and contains many

genes, which carry the genetic information.
 3. The term for the position or address of a gene on a chromosome

4. This law explains that alleles for each trait are separated during the
formation of gametes so that each gamete carries only one allele for
each trait.

5. When both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype, like in blood

type AB, this pattern of inheritance is called ____________.

6. If an individual inherits one allele for brown eyes and one for blue eyes,
the brown allele will typically determine the eye color. This is an
example of which type of allele interaction?

7. In a family where both parents carry a recessive allele for cystic

fibrosis, there is a 25% chance that their child will have the condition.
This is an example of inheritance for a ____________ trait.

8. The expression of a gene on the X chromosome may result in a

condition that primarily affects males. This type of inheritance is often
referred to as ____________.

9. Mendel's principle that genes for different traits are inherited

independently, provided the genes are located on different
chromosomes, is called the Law of ____________.

10. Given that mitochondria are inherited only from the mother, the
inheritance of mitochondrial diseases would be an example of
____________ inheritance.

Answer Key:
1. Gene
2. Chromosome
3. Locus
4. Law of Segregation
5. Codominance
6. Dominant Allele
7. Autosomal Recessive
8. X-linked Inheritance
9. Independent Assortment
10. Mitochondrial Inheritance
J. ASSIGNMENT Choose one of the following genetic case studies or create a hypothetical
scenario, and address the questions below by applying your knowledge of
inheritance patterns, genetic diseases, and Punnett squares.

Prepared by:

HANINA D. MACAPANTON

BSED SCIENCE 3

Checked by:

PROF. HASSANAL P. ABUSAMA

TEACHING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION