Overview

• Computer Hardware:

• Input Devices

• Processors

• Output

• Memory and Storage

TEXTBOOK: Discovering
Computers 2016
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 7
Input and
Output
Objectives Overview

Differentiate among various

Describe characteristics of
types of keyboards:
various pointing devices: Describe various uses of
standard, compact, on-
mouse, touchpad, and touch screens
screen, virtual, ergonomic,
trackball
gaming, and wireless

Describe various types of Describe various uses of

pen input: stylus, digital motion input, voice input,
pen, and graphics tablet and video input

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied

See Page 318 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 6
for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Differentiate among various

Explain the characteristics Summarize the various
scanners and reading
of various displays types of printers
devices

Identify the purpose and features of

speakers, headphones and earbuds, Identify various assistive
data projectors, interactive technology input and
whiteboards, and force-feedback output methods
game controllers and tactile output

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied

See Page 318 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 7
for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
 What is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic, programmable

device that allows the input of data which
is then processed then output as
information . Alternatively, the information
can be stored.

• Computer systems thus have hardware and

software components.
8
What Is Input?

• Input is any data and

instructions entered
into the memory of a
computer

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Pages 318 – 319 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 9
Figure 7-1 in whole or in part.
What Is Input?

• Commonly used input methods include:

Pointing
Keyboard Touch screens Pen input
devices

Scanners and
Motion input Voice input Video input reading
devices

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in whole or in part.
Keyboards

• A keyboard is an input device that contains keys

users press to enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device

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Figure 7-2 in whole or in part.
Keyboards

• Most desktop computer keyboards have…

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in whole or in part.
Keyboards

• There are a variety of keyboard options for

computers and mobile devices

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Figure 7-3 in whole or in part.
Keyboards

• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the

chance of repetitive strain injuries of wrist and hand
• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety
in the design of the workplace

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Figure 7-4 in whole or in part.
Pointing Devices

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in whole or in part.
Pointing Devices

• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the

palm of your hand comfortably
• Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse

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Paged 322 – 323
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 16
Figure 7-5 in whole or in part.
 Pointing Devices

• A touchpad is a • A trackball is a
Touchpad

Trackball
small, flat, stationary
rectangular pointing device
pointing device with a ball on its
that is sensitive top or side
to pressure and
motion
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Pages 323- 324
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 17
Figures 7-6 – 7-7 in whole or in part.
Touch Screens

• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display

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Pages 324 - 325 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 18
in whole or in part.
Pen Input

• With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat

surface to write, draw, or make selections

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Pages 326 – 327 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 19
Figure 7-9 in whole or in part.
Pen Input

• A graphics tablet, also

called a digitizer, is an
electronic plastic board
that detects and
converts movements of
a style or digital pen
into signals that are
sent to the computer

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Figure 7-11 in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• With motion input, sometimes called gesture

recognition, users can guide on-screen elements
using air gestures

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Pages 328 - 329 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 21
in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Voice input is the

process of entering
input by speaking into a
microphone
• Voice recognition, also
called speech
recognition, is the
computer or mobile
device’s capability of
distinguishing spoken
words
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Figure 7-12 in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Audio input is the

process of entering any
sound into the
computer such as
speech, music, and
sound effects
• Music production
software allows users to
record, compose, mix,
and edit music and
sounds
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Figure 7-13 in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and

storing them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium

Record video on a digital video

(DV) camera

Transfer video to a
computer or mobile device
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in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• A webcam is a type of DV camera that enables a

user to:
Send email Broadcast live
Capture video and
messages with images or video
still images
video attachments over the Internet

Conduct
Make video calls
videoconferences

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in whole or in part.
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• A videoconference is a meeting between two or

more geographically separated people

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Figure 7-15 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• A scanner is a light-sensing input device that

reads printed text and graphics and then
translates the results into a form the computer
can process
• A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a copy
machine except it creates a file of the document in
memory instead of a paper copy

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in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

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Figure 7-16 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to

read characters, marks, and codes and then converts
them into digital data that a computer can process
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)

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in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• A bar code reader, also

called a bar code
scanner uses laser
beams to read bar
codes
• A QR code stores
information in both a
vertical and horizontal
direction

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Figures 7-17 – 7-18 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to

communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
• An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
• RFID can track:

Gauging
Tracking times of Tracking location of
Checking lift tickets Managing temperature and
runners in a people and other
of skiers inventory pressure of tires on
marathon items
a vehicle

Tracking payment
Checking out Providing access to Managing as vehicles pass
library books rooms or buildings purchases through booths on
tollway systems

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in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• Magstripe readers read the magnetic stripe on

the back of cards such as:
Credit cards

Entertainment cards

Bank cards

Identification cards

Other similar cards

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Figure 7-20 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text

printed with magnetized ink
• An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the
computer can process
• Banking industry uses MICR for check processing

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Figure 7-21 in whole or in part.
Scanners and Reading Devices

• A data collection device obtains data directly at

the location where the transaction or event takes
place

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Figure 7-22 in whole or in part.
What Is Output?

• Output is data that has

been processed into a
useful form

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Figure 7-23 in whole or in part.
Displays

• A display visually conveys text, graphics, and

video information
• A monitor is a display that is packaged as a
separate peripheral device
• LCD monitor

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Figure 7-24 in whole or in part.
Displays

• The quality of a display depends primarily on its:

Resolution Response time Brightness

Dot pitch Contrast ratio

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in whole or in part.
Displays

• Today’s monitors use a digital signal to produce a

picture
• To display the highest quality images, the monitor
should plug into:
• A DVI port
• An HDMI port
• A DisplayPort

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in whole or in part.
Displays

• Home users sometimes

use a digital television
(DTV) as a display
• HDTV is the most
advanced form of digital
television
• A Smart TV is an
Internet-enabled HDTV

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Figure 7-25 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A printer
produces text
and graphics on
a physical
medium
• Before
purchasing a
printer, ask
yourself a series
of questions
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Pages 344 - 345 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 40
Figure 7-26 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A non-impact printer forms characters and

graphics on a piece of paper without actually
contacting the paper

Ink-jet Photo All-in-one Thermal

Laser printers
printers printers printers printers

Mobile Label Large-format

Plotters
printers printers printers

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in whole or in part.
Printers

• An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by

spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
• Color or black-and-white
• Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute (ppm) it
can print

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Figure 7-27 in whole or in part.
Printers

A photo printer produces lab-

quality photos
•Many use ink-jet technology
•PictBridge allows you to print photos
directly from a digital camera
•Print from a memory card
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in whole or in part.
Printers

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Figure 7-29 in whole or in part.
Printers

High-
speed

Black-
and-
Laser High-
white printer quality

Color

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Figure 7-30 in whole or in part.
Printers

• An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints,

scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes
• Also called a multifunction printer

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Figure 7-32 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A 3-D printer uses a process called additive

manufacturing to create an object by adding
material to a three-dimensional object, one
horizontal layer at a time

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Figure 7-33 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A thermal printer generates images by pushing

electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive
paper

Dye-
sublimation
printer
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Figure 7-34 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-

powered printer that allows a mobile user to print
from a mobile device

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Figure 7-35 in whole or in part.
Printers

• A label printer is a small printer that prints on an

adhesive-type material that can be placed on a
variety of items

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Figure 7-36 in whole or in part.
Printers

• Plotters are used to produce high-quality

drawings
• Large-format printers create photo-realistic
quality color prints

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Figure 7-37 in whole or in part.
Printers

• Impact printers form characters and graphics on a

piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an
inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper

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Figure 7-38 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices

• Many users attach surround sound speakers or

speaker systems to their computers, game
consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-
quality sounds

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Figure 7-39 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices

• Headphones are
speakers that cover or
are placed outside of
the ear
• Earbuds (also called
earphones) rest inside
the ear canal

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Figure 7-40 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices

• A data projector is a
device that projects the
text and images
displaying on a
computer or mobile
device screen on a
larger screen so that an
audience can see the
image clearly

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Figure 7-41 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices

• An interactive
whiteboard is a touch-
sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase
board, that displays the
image on a connected
computer screen

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Figure 7-42 in whole or in part.
Other Output Devices

• Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing

game controllers can be considered output
devices when they include force feedback
• Technology that sends resistance to the device in
response to actions of the user

© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied

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Figure 7-43 in whole or in part.
Assistive Technology Input and Output

Head-mounted pointer Braille printer

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Figures 7-44 – 7-45 in whole or in part.
Summary

Several assistive
Variety of options
technology options
for input and
for input and
output
output

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in whole or in part.
 Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Chapter 6
Inside Computers
and Mobile Devices
Objectives Overview

Describe multi-core
Describe the various
processors the
computer and mobile
components of a
device cases and the
processor, and the four
contents they protect
steps in a machine cycle

Identify characteristics of
Explain how program and
various personal computer
application instructions
processors on the market
transfer in and out of
today, and describe the
memory
ways processors are cooled

See Page 248 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 62

for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview

Describe the purpose

Differentiate among
of adapter cards, USB Explain the function
the various types of
adapters, and of a bus
memory
ExpressCard modules

Explain the purpose Understand how to

of a power supply care for computers
and batteries and mobile devices

See Page 248 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 63

for Detailed Objectives
Inside the Case

• The case contains and protects the electronics of the

computer or mobile device from damage

Page 248 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 64

Figure 6-1
Inside the Case

Page 250 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 65

Figure 6-2
Inside the Case

• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the

computer
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits

Pages 250 - 251 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 66

Figure 6-3
Processors

• The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
• A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or
more separate processor cores

Pages 252 - 253 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 67

Processors

Page 253 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 68

Figure 6-4
Processors

• The control unit is the component of the

processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

Page 253 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 69

Processors

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of

four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle

Page 254 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 70

Figure 6-5
Processors

The processor contains registers, that

temporarily hold data and instructions

The system clock controls the timing

of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Page 255 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 71
Processors

• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD

Page 255 72
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processors

• A processor chip generates heat that could cause

the chip to malfunction or fail
• Require additional cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling technology
– Cooling mats

Pages 256 - 257 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 73

Figures 6-6 – 6-7
Memory

• Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Data being
The operating
processed and the
system and other Applications
resulting
programs
information

Page 261 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 74

Memory

• Each location in memory has an address

• Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes
(GB) or terabytes (TB)

Page 261 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 75

Figure 6-11
Memory

• The system unit contains two types of memory:

Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory

Loses its contents when Does not lose contents

power is turned off when power is removed

Examples include ROM,

Example includes RAM flash memory, and
CMOS

Page 262 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 76

Memory

Page 262 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 77

Figure 6-12
Memory

• Two common types of RAM chips exist:

Dynamic RAM
Static RAM (SRAM)
(DRAM)

Page 263 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 78

Table 6-1
Memory

• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module

and are inserted into memory slots

Page 263 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 79

Figure 6-13
Memory

• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer

because it stores frequently used instructions and data

Page 265 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 80

Figure 6-14
Memory

Read-only memory (ROM)

refers to memory chips
storing permanent data and
instructions
•Firmware
Page 265 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 81
Memory

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and

rewritten
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
little power

Pages 266 - 267 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 82

Memory

• Access time is the amount of time it takes the

processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds

Page 267 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 83

Table 6-2 and Figure 6-15
Adapters

• An adapter card enhances

functions of a component of
a desktop or server system
unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals
– Sound card and graphics card
• An expansion slot is a
socket on a desktop or
server motherboard that
can hold an adapter card

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Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Table 6-3
Adapters

• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically

can recognize peripheral devices as you install
them

Page 269 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 85

Figure 6-16
Adapters

• Adapters for mobile computers are in the form of

a removable flash memory device
– USB adapter
– ExpressCard module

Page 269 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 86

Figures 6-17 – 6-18
Buses

• A bus allows the various

devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
each other
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time

Pages 270 - 271 87

Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Figure 6-19
Buses

• A computer might have these three types of

buses:

System Backside
bus bus

Expansion
bus

Page 271 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6 88

Power Supply and Battery

• The power supply or

laptop AC adapter
converts the wall outlet
AC power into DC
power

Page 271 89
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Figure 6-20
Power Supply and Battery

• Mobile computers and devices can run using

either a power supply or batteries
• Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries

Page 272 Discovering Computers: Chapter 6 90

Figure 6-21
Summary

Types of processors,
Various components Advantages and
steps in a machine
inside computers services of cloud
cycle, and processor
and mobile devices computing
cooling methods

How memory stores

Adapters, buses, Ways to care for
data and described
power supplies and computers and
various types of
batteries mobile devices
memory

Page 275 Discovering Computers: Chapter 6 91

Discovering Computers 2016
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 8
Digital Storage
Objectives Overview

Differentiate Describe the Describe the

between storage characteristics of benefits of solid-
and memory internal hard disks state drives

Differentiate among
Identify uses of
various types of
external hard disks
memory cards and
and RAID
USB flash drives

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See Page 368 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 94
for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Describe
Discuss the benefits
characteristics of and
and uses of cloud
differentiate among
storage
types of optical discs

Identify uses of
Explain types of magnetic stripe cards,
enterprise storage smart cards, RFID
tags, and NFC tags
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
See Page 368 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 95
for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Storage

A storage medium is the physical material on

which a computer keeps data, information,
programs, and applications

Cloud storage keeps information on servers on

the Internet, and the actual media on which
the files are stored are transparent to the user
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in whole or in part.
Storage

• A storage device is the hardware that records

and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
Reading is the process
of transferring items
from a storage medium
into memory

Writing is the process of

transferring items from
memory to a storage
medium
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in whole or in part.
Storage

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Figure 8-1 in whole or in part.
Storage

• Capacity is the number of bytes a storage medium

can hold

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Table 8-1 in whole or in part.
Storage

• Items on a storage medium remain intact even

when you turn off a computer or mobile device

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Figure 8-2 in whole or in part.
Storage

• Access time measures:

– The amount of time it
takes a storage device to
locate an item on a
storage medium
– The time required to
deliver an item from
memory to the
processor

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Figure 8-3 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• A hard disk, also called a hard disk drive (HDD) contains one
or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles
to store data, instructions, and information

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Figure 8-4 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• The storage capacity of hard disks varies and is

determined by:
– The number of platters the hard disk contains
– Whether the disk uses longitudinal or perpendicular
recording
– Density

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in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• Formatting is the process of dividing the disk into tracks

and sectors

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Figure 8-5 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• Characteristics of a hard disk include:

Tracks Sectors Platters

Read/write Revolutions
Form factor
head per minute
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in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

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Figure 8-6 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• A head crash occurs when a read/write head

touches the surface of a platter
• Always keep a backup of your hard disk

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Figure 8-7 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• An SSD (solid state drive) is a flash memory storage

device that contains its own processor to manage its
storage
• An SSD (solid state drive) has several advantages over
traditional (magnetic) hard disks:
Faster access Faster transfer Quieter
More durable Lighter weight
times rates operation

Less power Less heat Defragmentation

Longer life
consumption generation not required

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in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• An external hard disk is a separate freestanding

storage device that connects with a cable to a USB
port or other port on a computer or mobile device

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Pages 378 - 379 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 109
Figure 8-9 in whole or in part.
Hard Drives

• RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a

group of two or more integrated hard disks or
SSDs

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Page 380 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 110
Figure 8-10 in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

• A memory card is a removable flash memory

storage device that you insert and remove from a
slot in a computer, mobile device, or card
reader/writer
SDHC SDXC miniSD microSDHC microSDXC

xD Picture Memory Stick

CF M2
Card PRO Duo

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in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

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Figure 8-11 in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

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Figure 8-12 in whole or in part.
Portable Flash Memory Storage

• USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a

computer or mobile device

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Pages 382 - 383 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 114
Figure 8-13 in whole or in part.
Cloud Storage

• Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides

storage to computer or mobile device users

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Pages 383 - 384 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 115
in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

• An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable

disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is
written and read by a laser

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Figure 8-14 in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

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Figure 8-15 in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

• Optical discs commonly

store items in a single
track that spirals from
the center of the disc to
the edge of the disc
• Track is divided into
evenly sized sectors

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Figure 8-16 in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

A CD-ROM can be A CD-R is an optical

read from but not disc on which users
written to can write once, but
• Single-session disc not erase

A CD-RW is an
erasable
multisession disc
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in whole or in part.
Optical Discs

A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users

can read but not write on or erase

A DVD-R or DVD+R are competing DVD-recordable WORM

formats, on which users can write once but not erase

DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are competing DVD-

rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times

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in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to

manage and store data and information using
devices intended for heavy use, maximum
efficiency, and maximum availability
– RAID duplicates data, instructions, and information to
improve data reliability

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Pages 389 – 390 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 121
Figure 8-18 in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that is

placed on a network with the sole purpose of
providing storage to users, computers, and
devices attached to the network

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Pages 390 – 391 or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 122
Figure 8-19 in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed

network with the sole purpose of providing
storage to other attached servers

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Figure 8-20 in whole or in part.
Enterprise Storage

• Tape is a magnetically
coated ribbon of plastic
capable of storing large
amounts of data and
information
• A tape drive reads and
writes data and
information on a
magnetic tape

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Figure 8-21 in whole or in part.
Other Types of Storage

• A magnetic stripe card has a magnetic stripe that

contains information
• A smart card stores data on an integrated circuit
embedded in the card

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Figures 8-22 – 8-23 in whole or in part.
Other Types of Storage

• The RFID tag consists of an antenna and a memory chip

that contains the information to be transmitted via radio
waves
• An RFID reader reads the radio signal and transfers the
information to a computer or computing device

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Figure 8-24 in whole or in part.
Other Types of Storage

• An NFC-enabled device contains an NFC chip

• An NFC tag contains a chip and an antenna that
contains information to be transmitted
• Most NFC tags are self-adhesive

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Figure 8-25 in whole or in part.
Summary

Characteristics of
Storage capacity
Variety of storage hard disks, SSDs,
and storage access
options external hard
times
drives, and RAID

Advantages and
Portable flash Characteristics of
various uses of
memory storage optical discs
cloud storage

Magnetic stripe
Enterprise storage cards, smart cards,
options RFID tags, and NFC
chips and tags
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in whole or in part.