CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Material handling in construction and civil works is one of the basic necessities. The material
supply to civil and construction is provided through trucks, dumper etc. The material should
be properly loaded, managed, stacked, transported and unloaded. The dumper carries the
material which is loaded from the site, where the material is initially stored. It is then loaded
to the dumper and transported to the required site and then unloaded. The major issues raises
over here, the incompatibility of the site with the fully loaded dumper causes a lot of settling
time for the trolley to get the material properly arranged and transportation time to reach its
location.The dumper unloads the material in only one direction. But this incapability can be full
new method mechanism as the Multidirectional dumper. Gothic mechanism is an approach to
reduce the idle time to settle the dumper. The material is unloaded in any direction and
hence can be boldly stated as “Multidirectional Dumper.” The major outcomes of
Multidirectional dumper has overcome space requirement which often result in road blocking.
Hence, we have inversion in the existing mechanism providing the unloading in 180 rotations.
This mechanism prevents blocking of road, saves time and enhances productivity at lowest cost.
The automotive sector is fast booming section in India. There are variable in automotive
industry light and heavy motor vehicle. Heavy duty vehicle support as the backbone and
confront to the working. A dumper whose material can easily be unloaded in one direction that
is mostly to its rear end. These inefficiency is been overcomes by the Multidirectional dumper.
The tipper mechanism can do a great job by unloading the materials in three way as now day’s
trolley unloads in only one direction. Existing trailers requires more extra space, time and fuel
so to overcome these problems we will be introduce the three way direction tipper mechanism
so that the device is economical and efficient. This tipper working generally relates to ball
socket joint for unloading the material in left or right side direction and use of hydraulic jack in
backing side. The ball socket joint is useful to provide motion in three directions. In this
working, the relative motion of ball socket joint and trolley moves in left or right direction. To
deliver the material in right side or in left side, we have fixed the one side by hinge joint using
pin. In this paper the hydraulic jack is attached below whole setup to lift the trolley for
unloading. This three way mechanism can be applied to both industrial as well as domestic
areas. The proposed mechanism used for unloading purpose is safe and efficient and could be
used safely in different areas. A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk goods, often on
building areas or construction side. Trolley is distinguished from dump trucks by configuration:
a dumper is usually an open Fourwheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver side,
while a dump truck has its cab in front of the materials. The skip can tip to dump the load; this
is where the name "dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel Fuel powered. The towing
eye is fitted for secondary use as a site tractor. Dumpers with rubber tracks are using in special
circumstances and are popular in some nations. The early dumpers had a payload of about a ton
and were 2- wheel drive, driving on the front axle and steered at the back side wheels. The
single one cylinder diesel engine was started by hand cranking. The steering wheel turned the
back wheels, not front. Having neither electrics nor hydraulics there was not much to go wrong
way. When the catch is released, the skip tips under the weight of its contents at pivot point
below, and after being emptied is raised by hand. The dumper is an integral part of any
construction working and hence its role is very important for completion of any constructional
Ares. One of the problem are face with dumper in the time and energy for setting the dumper
in the proper way to dump the material it in carrying and hence the need of the paper work riser
which is about 3 direction way dropping dumper which can unload the material in any direction
except the rental one without moving the truck in any direction. hydraulic cylinders each on
front side, right side and left side of trolley to unload loose material on back side, left side and
right side of trolley respectively. Some design modification is needed in existing system to work
on multisided tipper tilting mechanism. dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk material,
often on building sites. Dumpers are distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a
dumper is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with the load skip in front of the driver, while a
dump truck has its cab in front of the load. The skip can tip to dump the load; this is where the
name" dumper" comes from. They are normally diesel powered. A towing eye is fitted for
secondary use as a site tractor. Dumpers with rubber tracks are used in special circumstances
and are popular in some countries. Early dumpers had a payload of about a ton and were 2-
wheel drive, driving on the front axle and steered at the back wheels. The single cylinder diesel
engine (sometimes made by Lister) was started by hand cranking. The steering wheel turned
the back wheels, not front. Having neither electrics nor hydraulics there was not much to go
wrong. The skip was secured by a catch by the driver's feet. When the catch is released, the skip
tips under the weight of its contents at pivot point below, and after being emptied is raised by
hand. Modern dumpers have payloads of up to 10000kg and usually steer by articulating at the
middle of the chassis.
1.2 OBJECTIVES

World progressing at faster rate which demands efficient working equipments such as user
friendly machineries and hence the three way dropping dumper may be used more than the two
way or one way. The work can be modified further more on following basis:-

• Dual stage cylinders can be used.

• Oil pump can be used instead of powered cylinder.
• Capacity can be increased.
• Four wheel steering can be adopted for more movement ability
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
1. Mr. Abhimanyu D. Deshmukh, Mr. Vivek R.Patil, Mr.Vivek S. Chavan, Mr.Mahesh M.
Kadam, Mr. Dipak M. Bhosale, “3-Way Hydraulic Dumping Trolley,” The oldest dropping
dumping has been conceived by observing the difficulty in unloading the sand or assets.
there are survey in this regards in automobile garages, revealed the facts that mostly difficult
methods were adopted in unloading the materials from the trailer or dumper . This paper
has mainly on above difficulty. Hence a prototype of flexible arrangement has been
designed. Vehicles can be unloaded from the trailer in three axes without application of any
other force. There are way of the mechanism are be control with the help of ball and socket
joint which connected to ram of the hydraulic cylinder which lifting the dumper cabin in
require side. Further modifications and working limitations will put this work in the main
league of use. This research paper is help to saves time & energy which helpful to efficient
working. Truck, tipper, dump truck are used to transport loose material from one place to
another place at any site in mines or in dump yards to accomplish the actual site requirement.
If one can understand the ground condition and availability of space in mines and on
construction site, it is very tough task to unload loose material at appropriate place,
adjustment of trailer is needed which take considerable time and effort to unload loose
material. There was everyone knows that tipper is most useful for unloading loose material
on construction site, mines and dump yards. The system available is to unload material on
back side. As considering the mines space available is less due to which unloading raw
material on left or right side is not possible to take this as a problem Multisided tipper tilting
is the need of time. To overcome one side tilting of dumping, multisided tilting mechanism
is come into focus. This will help to reduce the efforts to unload loose material one side of
tipper.
2. Laukik P. Raut, Ganesh Deepak Shinde, “Design and Development of 3-Way Dropping
Dumper,” Modern 3 ways dropping dumper’ has been conceived by observing the difficulty
in unloading the materials. The survey in this regards in several automobile garages,
revealed the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in unloading the
materials from the trailer. This paper has mainly focused on above difficulty. Hence a
prototype of suitable arrangement has been designed. The vehicles can be unloaded from
the trailer in three axes without application of any impact force. The Direction control valve
which activates the ram of the hydraulic cylinder which lifting the trailer cabin in require
 side. Further modifications and working limitations will put this work in the main league of
use. This concept saves time & energy which leads to efficient working.
3. Prachi Tawele, Laukik Raut, “Design and Development of 3-Way Dropping Dumper,”
Modern 3 ways dropping dumper’ has been conceived by observing the difficulty in
unloading the materials. The survey in this regards in several automobile garages, revealed
the facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in unloading the materials from
the trailer. This paper has mainly focused on above difficulty. Hence a prototype of suitable
arrangement has been designed. The vehicles can be unloaded from the trailer in three axes
without application of any impact force. The Direction control valve which activates the
ram of the hydraulic cylinder which lifting the trailer cabin in require side. Further
modifications and working limitations will put this work in the main league of use. This
concept saves time & energy which leads to efficient working.
 CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 Design of model

Figure 1

Figure 2
Figure3.1.1: Pneumatic culinder arragment

Figure3.1.2: Unloading position

3.2 Construction
This machine is constructed using various materials like MS Sheet, MS Square Pipe,
Polished Rod, Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder, Universal Joint, Pneumatic Pipes,
Directional Control Valve, Pneumatic Fluid, Pneumatic Pump, and Reservoir. First of all a
base frame structure is prepared using MS Square Pipe. The Trailer body is prepared using MS
Sheet.. The universal joint is attached with the frame using welding process. Another universal
joint is attached on Bottom of the Trailer Body. A Double Acting Cylinder connects both the
universal joint. Pneumatic pipes are connected to the Double acting Pneumatic Cylinder.
Another Side of the Pneumatic pipe is attached to the Directional Control valve. Pneumatic
fluid is filled in the Reservoir Tank. Another side of the Pneumatic Pump is connected to the
Directional control valve. This assembly is attached with pneumatic cylinder that operates the
trailer. And finally the chain drive mechanism has been welded with the main frame of the
dumper so that it can rotate the hole load carrying structure.
The tipping mechanism is the heart of a three way tipper construction truck. Tipping
mechanisms works basically as follows

A hydraulic cylinder is placed below the body of truck longitudinally at one end of the truck,
and the piston end of the hydraulic cylinders is connected by the means of a pivot joint to the
chassis of truck. In the forward stroke of the cylinder, it pushes the truck body upward thus
gives necessary lift for tipping dumping. So, in the forward stroke of the cylinder, the truck is
unloaded. In the return stroke of the cylinder the body of the truck comes to its original position.

3.3 Hinge Joint

The other bottom end of the body of the truck is connected by a hinged joint with the chassis.
3-way tipper can overcome this problem, as it can unload material on three sides.

Figure3.3 : Tipper body

The diagram of a 3-way tipper arrangement showing the main hydraulic cylinders are placed at
four corners of the chassis (structure).Each of the four corners of the body is connected by a
cross joint with the hydraulic cylinders. The cross joint allows the joining members to tilt with
respect to two perpendicular axis.
 CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
4.1 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

Figure 4.1 :Pneumatic cylinder

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which use the
power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion. Like pneumatic
cylinders, something forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The piston is a disc or
cylinder, and the piston rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved. Engineers
sometimes prefer to use pneumatics because they are quieter, cleaner, and do not require large
amounts of space for fluid storage. Because the operating fluid is a gas, leakage from a
pneumatic cylinder will not drip out and contaminate the surroundings, making pneumatics
more desirable where cleanliness is a requirement. For example, in the mechanical puppets of
the Disney Tike Room, pneumatics is used to prevent fluid from dripping onto people below
the puppets.

4.1.1 Design of a cylinder

Most of the cylinders with a piston rod contain the following parts: a tube that is closed on both
ends with a cap and head. Inside the tube seen below a piston rod moves with a drive piston.
The movement of the piston is triggered by compressed air, controlled by a directional valve.
The direction is defined by the chamber into which compressed air is allowed to flow inside the
cylinder. The force is transferred by the piston rod.

4.1.2 Components of a piston rod cylinder:

Figure 4.1.2: Components of piston rod cylinder

Figure 4.1.3: Position of cylinder (a)

 Figure 4.1.4: Position of piston (b)

• 40 – diameter of the piston [mm]

• 320 – stroke of the cylinder [mm]
• The diameter is actually the diameter of the piston. The diameter of the cylinder defines its
force relative to the air-pressure.
• The stroke tells us how many millimetres the piston and therefore the piston rod can travel.

If the stroke is long, the forces on the bearing between head and piston rod are high. In order to
avoid a defect we recommend to select a larger diameter (cylinders with larger piston diameters
also offer larger piston rod diameters).

The maximum force generated by a cylinder depends on:

• Operating pressure
• Diameter of the piston
• Friction of the inner parts

As an example we calculate the force of a cylinder DIL 40/320 at 6 bar.

Piston diameter:

D = 40 mm

Surface of drive piston:

Operating pressure:

Calculation of the force:

Thus we have a theoretical force of 753,6 N. As a rule of thumb we can deduct 5% for friction.
Therefore a cylinder with a piston diameter of 40 mm, and an operating pressure of 6 bar, can
exert a force of approx. 716 N.

If we divide the force by gravity (9,81 m/s2 ), we find - in practice - that our cylinder can hold
a mass of about 73 kg.
The Movement of a cylinder

We call the two end-positions of a cylinder positive / plus and negative / minus positions.
Therefore we also call the two chambers inside the cylinder the plus and the minus chamber.

The position where the piston rod is out of the cylinder the furthest possible is called the plus
end-position. In order to reach it, the plus chamber needs to be inflated.

The minus end-position is positioned on the opposite side; the minus chamber needs to be
inflated.

The cylinder cannot reach an end-position if the opposite chamber is not fully exhausted!

Stable positions of a cylinder

We distinguish between single-acting and double-acting cylinders. In single-acting cylinders

only one chamber is inflated with compressed air. Therefore work is performed only in one
direction by compressed air. For the movement into the opposite direction a mechanic spring is
the source of energy. The stroke is limited by the length of the spring. In general single-acting
cylinders offer a relatively short stroke.
 Figure 4.1.5: Pneumatic cylinder with Rotary shaft

The pneumatic cylinder with rotary shaft is used to rotate the trolly. rotary shaft connected with
the tipper body tipper body rotate with rotary shaft. with the help of rotary shaft cylinder trolly
adjusted to unloading position

4.2 Air compressor

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.
An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. Compressors are similar to pumps: both
increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are
compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Compressed air is air kept
under a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. Compressed air is an important
medium for transfer of energy in industrial processes, and is used for power tools such as air
hammers, drills, wrenches and others, as well as to atomize paint, to operate air cylinders for
automation, and can also be used to propel vehicles. Brakes applied by compressed air made
large railway trains safer and more efficient to operate.

This compressed air used to oprate pneumatic cylinder air pressure controle with the help of
control valves
 Figure 4.2.1: Air compressor

4.3 DC GEAR MOTOR

Figure 4.1 :Dc Gear Motor

4.3.1 What is a DC Motor?

A Direct Current (DC) motor is a rotating electrical device that converts direct current, of
electrical energy, into mechanical energy. An Inductor (coil) inside the DC motor produces a
magnetic field that creates rotary motion as DC voltage is applied to its terminal. Inside the
 motor is an iron shaft, wrapped in a coil of wire. This shaft contains two fixed, North and South,
magnets on both sides which causes both a repulsive and attractive force, in turn, producing
torque. ISL Products designs and manufactures both brushed DC motors and brushless DC
motors. We tailor our DC motors size and performance to meet your desired specs.

4.3.2 What is a DC Gear Motor?

A gear motor is an all-in-one combination of a motor and gearbox. The addition of a gear
head to a motor reduces the speed while increasing the torque output. The most important
parameters in regards to gear motors are speed (rpm), torque (lb-in) and efficiency (%). In
order to select the most suitable gear motor for your application you must first compute the
load, speed and torque requirements for your application. ISL Products offers a variety
of Spur Gear Motors, Planetary Gear Motors and Worm Gear Motors to meet all application
requirements. Most of our DC motors can be complemented with one of our unique
gearheads, providing you with a highly efficient gear motor solution.

4.3.3 Motor Specifications –

Once the design calculations are performed, and the application parameters are defined, you
can use this data to determine which motor or gear motor will best fit your application. Some
of the most common specs to consider when selecting a motor or gear motor would be:
1. Voltage

2. Current

3. Power

4. Torque

5. RPM

6. Life Expectancy / Duty Cycle

7. Rotation (CW or CCW)

8. Shaft Diameter and Length

9. Enclosure Restrictions
 4.3.4 Gear Motor Performance Curves

A motors performance and gearbox performance are combined into one graph by displaying
three specific parameters. These three parameters are speed, torque and efficiency. These
performance curves are essential when selecting a gear motor for your application.

Fig Gear performance curv

Speed/Revolutions (N) – (unit: rpm) indicated as a straight line that shows the relationship
between the gear motor’s torque and speed. This line will shift laterally depending on voltage
increase or decrease.
• Efficiency (η) – (unit: %) is calculated by the input and output values, represented by the
dashed line. To maximize the gear motor’s potential it should be used near its peak efficiency.
• Torque (T) – (unit: gf-cm) this is the load borne by the motor shaft, represented on the X-axis.
• Current (I) – (unit: A) indicated by a straight line, from no load to full motor lock. This shows
the relationship between amperage and torque.
• Output (P) – (unit: W) is the amount of mechanical energy the gear motor puts out.
4.4 Mild steel squre pipe

Fig.4.4 Mild steel squre pipe

Mild steel is a type of carbon steel with a low amount of carbon – it is actually also known
as “low carbon steel.” Although ranges vary depending on the source, the amount of carbon
typically found in mild steel is 0.05% to 0.25% by weight, whereas higher carbon steels are
typically described as having a carbon content from 0.30% to 2.0%.

Mild steel square pipe is used to construct tipper body and chassi of the trolley.Size of pipe is
1inch

4.5 REVERSE FORWORD SWITCH

Toggle Switch Connect together the outer pairs of terminals for power supply. Form an ‘X’
across the switch. In other words connect the terminal in one corner to the corner terminal which
is diagonally opposite. The wires from the middle pair of terminals are the output for the DC
Motor.
 Fig.4.5 Connection diagram

4.6 BATTERY

An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical

cells with external connections[1] for powering electrical devices.

When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal
is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an
external electric circuit to the positive terminal.
 Fig.4.6 Battery

When a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction converts high-energy
reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy difference is delivered to the external
circuit as electrical energy.[3] Historically the term "battery" specifically referred to a device
composed of multiple cells; however, the usage has evolved to include devices composed of a
single cell.

Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded, as

the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge; a common example is
the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable electronic
devices. Secondary (rechargeable) batteries can be discharged and recharged multiple times
using an applied electric current; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by
reverse current. Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-
ion batteries used for portable electronics such as laptops and mobile phones.
Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and
wristwatches to, at the largest extreme, huge battery banks the size of rooms that provide
standby or emergency power for telephone exchanges and computer data centers.

Batteries have much lower specific energy (energy per unit mass) than common fuels such as
gasoline. In automobiles, this is somewhat offset by the higher efficiency of electric motors in
converting electrical energy to mechanical work, compared to combustion engines.

4.6.1 Chemistry and principles

Batteries convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy. In many cases, the electrical
energy released is the difference in the cohesive[18] or bond energies of the metals, oxides, or
molecules undergoing the electrochemical reaction.[3] For instance, energy can be stored in Zn
or Li, which are high-energy metals because they are not stabilized by d-electron bonding,
unlike transition metals. Batteries are designed so that the energetically
favorable redox reaction can occur only when electrons move through the external part of the
circuit.

A battery consists of some number of voltaic cells. Each cell consists of two half-
cells connected in series by a conductive electrolyte containing metal cations. One half-cell
includes electrolyte and the negative electrode, the electrode to which anions (negatively
charged ions) migrate; the other half-cell includes electrolyte and the positive electrode, to
which cations (positively charged ions) migrate. Cations are reduced (electrons are added) at
the cathode, while metal atoms are oxidized (electrons are removed) at the anode. Some cells
use different electrolytes for each half-cell; then a separator is used to prevent mixing of the
electrolytes while allowing ions to flow between half-cells to complete the electrical circuit.

Each half-cell has an electromotive force (emf, measured in volts) relative to a standard. The
net emf of the cell is the difference between the emfs of its half-cells. Thus, if the electrodes
have emfs and , then the net emf is ; in other words, the net emf is the difference between
the reduction potentials of the half-reactions.

The electrical driving force or across the terminals of a cell is known as the terminal voltage
(difference) and is measured in volts. The terminal voltage of a cell that is neither charging nor
discharging is called the open-circuit voltage and equals the emf of the cell. Because of internal
resistance, the terminal voltage of a cell that is discharging is smaller in magnitude than the
open-circuit voltage and the terminal voltage of a cell that is charging exceeds the open-circuit
voltage. An ideal cell has negligible internal resistance, so it would maintain a constant terminal
 voltage of until exhausted, then dropping to zero. If such a cell maintained 1.5 volts and
produce a charge of one coulomb then on complete discharge it would have performed
1.5 joules of work. In actual cells, the internal resistance increases under discharge[23] and the
open-circuit voltage also decreases under discharge. If the voltage and resistance are plotted
against time, the resulting graphs typically are a curve; the shape of the curve varies according
to the chemistry and internal arrangement employed.

The voltage developed across a cell's terminals depends on the energy release of the chemical
reactions of its electrodes and electrolyte. Alkaline and zinc–carbon cells have different
chemistries, but approximately the same emf of 1.5 volts; likewise NiCd and NiMH cells have
different chemistries, but approximately the same emf of 1.2 volts. The high electrochemical
potential changes in the reactions of lithium compounds give lithium cells emfs of 3 volts or
more.

4.7 Wheel

A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axle bearing. The wheel is one
of the key components of the wheel and axle which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels,
in conjunction with axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or
transportation while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used
for other purposes, such as a ship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel and flywheel.

Fig.4.7 Wheel
Common examples are found in transport applications. A wheel greatly reduces friction by
facilitating motion by rolling together with the use of axles. In order for wheels to rotate,
a moment needs to be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by way of gravity or by the
application of another external force or torque. Using the wheel, Sumerians invented a
contraption that spins clay as a potter shapes it into the desired object.
 Chapter 5
PROJECT PLAN
5.1 Project Scheduling:

Sr No. Task or operation Appox. time required

1 Collection of Data Sheets & Documents 3 weeks

2 Searching & availability of components 2 weeks

3 Ordering component 3 week

4 Making wiring circuit 2 week

5 Component mounting programming 1 week

6 Testing & Troubleshooting 3 week

7 Project Report Preparation 2 weeks

5.2 Estimation

Sr No. Component Pcs Cost

1 Battery 2 1200

2 Square pipe 1 900

3 Pneumatic pump 1 2900

4 Air compressor 1 1800

5 Screw 3 100

6 Pipe 2 600

7 Wire 1 200

8 Gear 2 100

9 Motor 500

10 Plywood 3 500

11 Nutt bolts 2 80

12 Dp switch 1 80

19 Cock and Tee 4 250

Other 4000

Total 32 13210
 Chapter 5
FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION
5.3 FUTURE SCOPE

World progressing at faster rate which demands efficient working equipments such as user
friendly machineries and hence the three way dropping dumper may be used more than the
two way or one way.

The work can be modified further more on following basis:-

• Dual stage cylinders can be used.

• Oil pump can be used instead of powered cylinder.
• Capacity can be increased.
• Four wheel steering can be adopted for more movement ability

5.4 CONCLUSION

The developed prototype exhibits the expected results. Further modifications and working
limitations will put this work in the main league of use. This concept saves time &energy which
leads to efficient working. This further line should be modeled using equations and an
experimental agreement. The constructional work or the infrastructural work demands efficient
and user friendly machinery which will lead to more and more use of three way dropping
dumper.
 REFERENCES

1. Mr. Abhimanyu D. Deshmukh, Mr. Vivek R.Patil, Mr.Vivek S. Chavan, Mr.Mahesh M.

Kadam, Mr. Dipak M. Bhosale, “3-Way Hydraulic Dumping Trolley,” Vol. 4, Issue 12, 2017.
2. Laukik P. Raut, Ganesh Deepak Shinde, “Design and Development of 3-Way Dropping
Dumper,” Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2014.
3. Prachi Tawele, Laukik Raut, “Design and Development of 3-Way Dropping Dumper,”
4. Shubham S Ganar, Akshay D Kakde, Rahul R Pali, “design and fabrication of multi-directional
lifting dumper,” International Journal of Advanced Research (2016), Volume 4, Issue 4,
5. Khurmi Gupta,2008,Degree of freedom, Theory of machine, S chand& Company Ltd; 2008
6. Padmanabhan S., Chandrasekaran.M. and Srinivasa Raman. V. “Design Optimization of
Worm Gear drive,” International Journal of Mining, Metallurgy & Mechanical Engineering
(IJMMME) Volume 1, Issue 1 (2013) ISSN 2320–4060
7. Amboji Sudhakar R, Humane Yogesh A, Chavan Rohan R, Patil Jyotsna C, Kshirsagar
Prashant R, “Design and fabrication of 3 way tipper mechanism,” International journal of
researching advanced technology vol, No.4, April 2014 E ISSN 2321-9637
8. working of air compressor wikipedia - Bing images