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fuels and combustion engineering thermodynamics
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views14 pagesET-Unit 5
fuels and combustion engineering thermodynamics
Uploaded by
sodhikrishna5Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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/ 14
Bema die ee Oui ee ieee
ass {rockon det; Lk 1S aetined jaime ire ee a
[mast 4 consiihuend 6+ amihive to He tole| Mem 4 <
BS imixbive ss 2s Nod
e-g. Cy = molewrler WEE Dax t it lie ae
:
JENS CM Ss \2etee) _ i Gps) 2 cy! i
|
;
Maas q Haltom = Ale ie
Man & Carbo
Saale 4 C=
ee cry
Mam traci “1H, = 2@- 2s a5 hs
eu | Way we
2) Mole {rectim s- 1) (s defined a> the vralio SHHe Volume
| geo oO) fe volume mixture 4
oF mole an anne eo in mixhot
: TORT Fe A moles A Phemixhive 7921 —
le frectam ©! —
|_| An octane gor Grhiyy the me Grben ak prs
‘ w)
{_Mo- moles OH, = o (iL) motes — =
|
| 2
Tote) no-4 moles = no tC +no-4 Ro
= @+9 219
Mole ae hc = = Picea et
9), Exeess Ric ees air “ishte a er io ‘
_lathet civ Sspplied and the stoichiomebnic air repived
for Germple complete combustion eC fuel.
| Excess Ate = Achtel aiy — Skoichiometric air,
—|__tn prachice, Se axetil el lo never Complete,
a —___1if onl tnt lheoretico| amount oar js Strpplied due fo imperfeak
Tiving Of fuel Kaiy, A the mixhire 4 fuel Sain is helerge -
= nto» __& nob homogeneous i alee
a cis “Sloichiomelsic Aix Gael ralsaCye netic) aa
a = Ibis ratio of man 4 stoichvomelric air sufaplied
bo the mak Ob fuel
Shohiomehnc CALE) rali> r =
Hars 4 shoichyomebvic Qu”
wan Fae
BS) PA crn siaiy Aie\ or,
—_______ St achial oir te the maze a fel
clip 2 Mand Achucl ay
SHA cate) CaS ae
TY ‘sthe valio of the mass
__%)__Rercentage © Exeem Aw) It (5 the rad % excen Sie bo
he Sirichio metric our. a as ot
Actuel ATE velo - Stoichiometric Alfrebé
SE xce3) =
f Siechvameire Ale rebo-
Al ne pee or mix here een oe
p Up is the ralio of the Sroichvomelnic air fuel vehd bo
+ achiel| ay fe\ ralio a
Mixture Strength, = _ttoishieme Seay hiem@is Nie
Rehuel ALE elie.
a= A week mixhire is one Which he an
bean _mixhtr
Wie xceno “ask
Rich _mixhire: — A rich mike sone Which hans
Dei ac on air.
ee to 1 — Lesn ae
Kre) ) We tt = Stoichte metric | chemicelly Grresk
_ | ore Ave mm he ve Z |
he a. jf abet 4 Moteur eas =
Mele Lule i atom
Eleaen Symbel Male Symbol tel eeuler
Ey tas m 04 |
a OXY Sen, Or 32 Q 46 ,
Nitrogen Ne 28 N 4
a Carban ia Ns ic An
oa | Sulphur RS a s 3.2.
Water io \g = =
[Carbon Monoxide (O24 2
_|Garbon di oxide Co, uy = pe
Sutphur dioxide So, 64 a M
Bete. oo te eee =
_ LESTE Coy 94 = Bie os
Beepicne C,H ON) zt 2 Ll =
Gomloustion_Peaclims ¢ = ~ a
high Jempercure Gzeidelvon _ Ok the
tj ohea\.nvelea ce ssa
in, Hydrogen 4 __
se Et Combustion is
ot Combustible elements _ ota fuel coi
| Com boushi tole. element mlecl & fuel 01) axe Carlo
_|__ Sw\phur. ve |
Son =) Oy oi ms
a SEE oe ie? 2a ee a
az 3
i i. Sp Oa ate0 2 ae GED «its 2 a
_omygen_is_preamnt, the corleon Will burn __]
mulation 4 Carbon Honor ide Ua
—It insuthaent—
_|_ incompletely ite fox
26 $059 lo
Efex tem pletely Comte
a Dh hs = iol ee enolagh ait tor complete
| __= Semre turloultn Ce for coavplete thorouth mixing fuel 2D) TE Sulficien) ooeygen (5 nok available,
OF Curbon isifrmplete. intomplete
atCy+o, — 200 { E
mols > \mo\ > 2 moles = by volume
aie 2x38 a
Bees oe epee eae
4 tcp + ALtee. > igen ——
ae 7 Zp a
tet 4 Carbon Veperrer aks 4 0, pedue F Fe 500
[apc (o ts burn} ee This wnavank? ib Co
eC O. 20 eed
Simol a tm) Umol — Py vera
a hp 2K PY eg me Nosy mnt
+4 ey Se 1
| V5 Lo vepeives 5 4 04
anes Sntphuy barns Hi} >.
——7_l 10 Ste. ts
tome) +) mel TP mer —SYVetume-
————————
Baa a abe,
At ne :
Vey mS wef uiven 4 |e 0% Lv tomplete Comburliin 5 bo
Mee 4 co Poke |e mination. s jessons AL), SS =
| Gastour fuel _ane_genevel mmearireel by Volume Cut)
Ynen_ by wen Che)
Bees GON 2 Co,
__2vo) +1 vo) 4 2 Vel e
rn? 4 yon? —) 2
AKU ep37 a A 4
et pera lee E
Wet UyE, = =
Bis Stee
2.2 Volumes 9 Co yepuire {Vol 40, te produce2 vole __
0D
Le er ice Go needs Bee noy bb produc MU ee oo) ME
o need, een
re
2m 4) oe 2? i _
arr t1K32 ait ee _ J ee
_ Ne 48g — Ske Ss a. |
| Pvol \4) 4 Wa vafevires {vol ( biet) 0x45 produce
Dea. avai (O14) A Water - tape ome
PCN, 20) C04 2
Bp ivoh 5 20 tot x2 Vo Va eee OW
ft tes|P 4 2032-9 UA Mets 2a) he i a
\
Sr te Uy ee Bap pass a ee
Ty ety + 30, 280 2a
pete eeoeaect Ys) oe =
—Theove Mice _oy mini mun hie vepnivasl for
| Omplet “tembwkm + ar;
j= Oxysen essence fr ©mbiyhm.
L_|= Generally Ik 13 obleatnedl from air. (akmonphenic ai)
Pon Akmosphen¢ axY tonkes = N= 41. and 0,625) - by men
ee {we -r9l. & or -21/. = by Volume.
—___|= thy hy obbuniy
— See = loo = 4-35 Kee a iy tn wap d
— — ki 2h ye)
teary hel ember GH,S Hen
Ee ee yeplives C40, fo,
8 ig asze¢ 9 UNI
3 ee whee
eo Baar CACIE 10z ~ bey wmplele GbR)
» | \2H, PO. + 2M.
nee as i 242432 52% 18
pet was! Gru ky iss
mee | Ber ig) oes Js
$t0, 4 SOy
324387 NY
a es es eR al
= | —s Ftc +54 +s] lag ye peer bn
Pines 00 ee 3s] = Theore cel Minimum
sess U 3 A amount 4 Ay
ese ae
SM ea relice 2\ oy Minimum Volume Phra for an
| Combustion — Ge Com tot a
(8a) 1m2 4 Hydrogen _repvive (espe 4 eo
aS
7 : See) ae: GH
te a tee
ba e520 - = flegte torus 2tyt 2GHy) =0, J mi
min: oxyatn repd. fy Wmplete Combuskay ( tmd4 fre!
2 (0-5co-4o-5 4 420H x + 3taHy)
14 Some 0, » already present Io the hie] Hen
neta >) ee [eo 5Co-*+0 % eg t2Cy “) 3
= Mullipy the volume. each (onsh hen} by ts oom —___ !
— Gonversian OF Volumetric Ansly sis in bb Man Anelyry
_moleculey Man -(gyver _pryorH nel mam + (ondhi bent)
~ Ada wp there manners KAW Ae och man by His toll
men expres iran fe:
= THE 94 f anely sis by mm
“ine Volume bre Anely i's.
Converging 4 Mam anelys) | eis the amount 4 heat Ubereke hen a unit |
Aang man 4 fue ums compleltly in presence | ouv oy
Loxy5e5 and the breduct 4 combushon are lel 4 lompleltl.
when heat absorbed Cor) Carried auiay by the produtks 2
aia. value Cay
= Tt is the amount 4 heat \iberebed When 4 unit mar,
eee 6 burnt lompltely jn presen ce 4 ait droxygens
ee oleracea ai
PECGIVEEEME\ eyo = Gross) a
ee See
;——1+ 1s the amount A heap Ulevebed| When aunik
[Morn 6 fael lourns—
< Velue
tomplelely tnthe prerence 4 aiy o>
perygen and the products + tam lwhion ane Useled fh _
DOT femberehiye.
{Dulons's frmuls 1- (3800 C+ 1UYo00 (H,~O,1¢)+42705) ial
SH, 0 48 = arethe 28 4 Carbon, Hydronen, Ory 509
Hi And Si phuy by WE. é
ECV i= lower Caloribic Yelue ( Neb)
| nbs the AY: or
Combartion Is no} vecovered and the Steam formed luring
| fombusts on 1's not Gndensed, Hen amount “+ het obtained
per ky A-ha Ga non ag neh ov (Lev) |
Lev < Wev— Lek heel 4 Steam a a a ee oe ~~
Enthalpy ot tormabion s (Au’r) ,
F_Lkis delined as the enthalpy chan: Y
waole D-tompou ndy trom Hie dements in their standard state
CA bar pr 425% ) z = -
+Enithalpy of formakion of 4 compound ss the
energy released or absorbed, Khtn a Compound fs formed
frorn its elements at standant relerente states
AVe_if the veackian fs endothermic,
” ave ik Yhe react 5 exothermic
For chy CCS graphite) +214, (gas) 9 cht (9as) mf a
—_| above is te Standard formula _repuired fox _formebion ___
ot CHy. Form ol Carbon needs to be Speajtred, ar in solid
Reem) ty Can exish 19 diamond form bv-
| Se, here We! entelpy of formal payee x
| AWE Cr itcg)) = Would “he “tee entasl py change ig __
{9 Whe Above Veactyen-
=
5) Nole 2 - Enthalpy 6: formahon Lor amy element in
{is skandard form will be exacly ev Since, for
Semel cote Such a veackin te yeactents (inbvel stele )
and He products Cthe Hnel skit) are ideneol and
Connot have any change to enthelpy.
hee oe
Ieee oat CO
—|The enthed py OF formahen OF 4 non Stendard Lem
c t mpPOHD
Ts non ze: Also, it Wil! dapend on penne aay
Krak 15 being Hrmed. <9 enmalpy 8F,3reous Walter
Ge Wigher C by Lelantheat) than enthalpy 4 former
id Welter.
7 Caled % Hk reat enthel pier.
ches tan Wey be Considered oo elements En Yhalpy of aS mbuUs Hoy,
Th is detsned as tne cl Hever ce ber” the enbhel ay
of panducts and 2n Hholpy Or redchants when tome le
Combustor occurs af a given tempers lure $F bresource
Hiv :-(Highey healing Value} ok tae fuel js ae enbroloy
OL fmbwhm When all the Helv Cae) frxmed during
Lombwim fs in (rqurd phe
Wvr= Cow healing Value) oe Hoe Fuel 1's We
D_tombuolin When aly bee Weber (M29) formesl clunirs,
tymbuspian ts In Vapour tovme
anthelt
a —
WHY = Ltivt Lebint heck O 2veporslin 4. weber.
Enithalpy OF Reackian ¢ -
Le is the Aitterence between enthalpy O- the products
loka specitred State and tne enthelpy SL yveactans at Hhe
same State fora Compléle reaction:
for GmbusH™ pween fn thelpy O reackion, 1S Usha lI»
yeleryed bo enthe|py O combuoHm: ~— Use af $ xq eina 724
the tombwhim |mocener “ fuels.
+ Buk there ave man _ frets ancl Rael mixhirer, ot Hmer
fhe yeachims ne Mn com? leTe Moen &nphet7o4 of
Cambwhm YY nor unr hal.
a Were Gxt a more practice | apprach world be by haw
cpramptrterty = more fundamen te | tna parky bo vepresen)
ele ico ensrsy Seanelement o Gmpound ab
elerence Stele. > This “n enthelpy o Srmetion ___| teonbo| the menace 4 pollulim. 65-6) ___ a =
___|= Aty pollu tron leade changer queliy & consequently pall ubint ——
4), Corboon Nonoxide (CO) sla)
_| When Garer 4 vehteles vunniry ailover the world addy, bop kee
Baer al rs Oecd oe eee eS
bh An automobile addo abowk Uf, -1 kep % pollubant everyday -—
everqdey We sihvelfm leecomes alarmitp
+ Millvon tonne 4 jpoltubants bike Hydrocarbon (HO), Carbon er
C60), onider ¥ aicaanpOX. av "
onaulomoloile Are iniveducell fe ee. 7
I= ASy ye Aatler the aulomobile shenld be pak ow 4 Sewice. |
| eto eysikem and environ mene V8 fies IRV AAS ES OES
Aiy —_ $i a
= A - 0,021") $02 (Fh) st ve CCotduar porhele, oe 4ane)
ae a Co, He, NOx ete get mixed | making the air]
Unbresthable for humans ang harmful for He aeons a
~The undesiebl elements in tre ote nettle on Hee pollulanh
and tre etear atv pollubim ee
Major Sources 4 aly Pollut O_ is av i
+ pute mobiles = Fantories | -"therma\_porler plents - Relineries
L Explosive Materictosd pin) wiiys
Jor xr pollutants) pepo aex09 | pales |
= Due bo incomplete eambustinn Orel. 9 eee
% Wor a stron a ltiniky to combine _\ with, ene a yeduter 5
= O%{5en Carry ih Copauinys rot s
fay Cones dyritelim 4
|, Wydre coreens CAC) :
Yrodushion 6 HC
= Tog rich or toe lean mixhye_ as dn
| = cca mplele corn busin “fast
yr Teapivetory syslem, Coupling ey e_tyri
bien Sneezing
Me age Cardino genie i)
Nox ba wr
= ewdiced Khen N240, tombine ct higher kmp (tose)
—__|= formed during Complete —tnmivolim -
FP Leathe With atmospheric C2 to \wolute NO, Cporsonerur gar)
HEy25, nore dt Wrroat ireiteen » a
= Causey headache, Corphiy Sdameare bolus
$02 Mrs Alea Hod
= So, Cowie) and Hs Chad smel)) are formed on burning
ae +A Suhphuy __ Present in petroleum rodusty
ArSo, derives parkeulate vedute visibility + Us foxrally
damater sennkive Plan .
a bronchitis 4 Lung Cancer
PM Cparbicutele Metter)
—__| = Ath + Solid _cavbon 4 biquid CSuiphuric ood vepar)
—____| = Intomplete Combuwhm fuel _
3 Siler respiratory syskem, came lung problem.
SOO Pa ey Jol
= diere\ vehicle 138
Beene ee ighilertp A pri duels jack 07
___ | ek Into veopirebry syskm lung Cancer .
eee creo: »— {6 larr, Ylue Whitey ae i
| Black= _incerreer Himiry or AlFrake
Blue fgrey ~ leateing OF ors Churnire)
While - Coolant burning, incomplete mbuym %
fuel fina’ NBiiek
2 Visibi\rhy cHocted, bronctastrr lure Conroy
Adehgdes:
ae Perse fice {dling see
=> smell» bead odour. cm
= (rie 4 eye Wroet EHeth 4 pol
Sing A foil Gel, - Sa, wo, velensed in apnunphe
|= duriet posnisy Yeack «is baler, Gorms Sulphuric,
aes | Corloonie Acido.
—1= Fal\ a) ron = aecdramn.
—____| = attects tree; ¢ foresks._ Sorl, Crop leaver elums num tn SorL |
wen h - Envoonment 2 —
Aud pain « -
= There ands one VOY Constve .
=telpice|_eHeak = — @quolic ite ¢teod Life ts
