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Individual Behaviour

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Ayushi Rajput
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13 views2 pages

Individual Behaviour

Uploaded by

Ayushi Rajput
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

What is Cultural Environment?


Cultural environment is a concept in business which helps to understand the
customs and collective beliefs of a set of people or society based on their culture,
religion, region, nationality, language etc. The study of social hierarchy, social norms
and customs, regional / religion based groups and their behavior helps us to
understand the cultural environment of a place. This helps a marketer to position the
products appropriately.

Economic Environment
the term economic environment refers to all the external economic factors that
influence buying habits of consumers and businesses and therefore affect the
performance of a company. These factors are often beyond a company’s control, and
may be either large-scale (macro) or small-scale (micro).

Employment Level
The employment level is defined as the number people engaged in productive
activities in an economy. The concept includes both employees and the self-
employed. The two main measures used for employment are the number of persons
employed or the number of employees.

Wage Structure
Wage structure is the hierarchy within a company that sets the amount each level of
employment is paid and what benefits each level is due. Lower-level employees are
paid less than other people at the business, and these employees may get an hourly
wage as opposed to a set salary.

Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other
area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy,
households and firms to function

Technology
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to make different operations
easier and more convenient. There are a host of technologies in different fields that
are considered significant for their applications.

Social Environment
The social environment of business includes social forces like customs and traditions,
values, social trends, society's expectations from business, etc. Traditions define social
practices that have lasted for decades or even centuries.
ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS:

Individual behaviour is influenced by a wide variety of organisational systems and


resources.

These organisational factors are as explained below:

1. Physical Facilities:

The physical environment at a work place is the arrangement of people and things
so that is has a positive influence on people. Some of the factors which influence
individual behaviour are noise level, heat, light, ventilation, cleanliness, nature of job,
office furnishing, number of people working at a given place etc.

2. Organisation Structure and Design:

These are concerned with the way in which different departments in the organisation
are set up. What is the reporting system? How are the lines of communication
established among different levels in the organisation. The behaviour and
performance of the individual is influenced by where that person fits into the
organisational hierarchy.

3. Leadership:

The system of leadership is established by the management to provide direction,


assistance, advice and coaching to individuals. The human behaviour is influenced
to a large extent by the behaviour of the superiors or leaders. Behaviour of the
leaders is more important than their qualities.

4. Reward System:

The behaviour and performance of the individuals is also influenced by the reward
system established by the organisation to compensate their employees.

How Psychologists Define Attitudes

Psychologists define attitudes as a learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain


way. This can include evaluations of people, issues, objects, or events. Such
evaluations are often positive or negative, but they can also be uncertain at times.

For example, you might have mixed feelings about a particular person or issue.

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