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Exponential-Function-Gen Math - 114040

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40 views4 pages

Exponential-Function-Gen Math - 114040

Uploaded by

edrajustine040
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Exponential Functions, Equations and Inequalities


This material is designed to help you understand the concept of exponential functions,
equations and inequalities. You will learn to solve exponential equations and inequalities. You
will also learn the properties of exponential functions namely the domain, range, its
intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes.

Exponential Expression – is an expression of the form a⋅bx-c + d, where b > 0, and b ≠ 1


Definitions and Examples:

Exponential Equation Exponential Inequality Exponential Function


Definition An equation involving An inequality involving A function of the form
exponential expressions exponential expressions f(x) = bx, where b>0and b≠1
1
343
Example 72x-1 = 52x – 5x+1 ≤ 0 f(x) = (1.8)x or y = (1.8)x

Exercise 1: Determine whether the given is an exponential function, exponential equation,


an exponential inequality or none of these:
1. f(x) = 2x3 4. 22(5x+1) = 500 5. 625 ≥ 5 x+8
2. f(x) = 2x 3. y = ex

ACTIVITY 1: Review the Laws of Exponents

After you learned the difference between exponential function, exponential equation,
and exponential inequality, you must also learn how to solve exponential equations and
inequalities. With this module, you will understand how to find the solution set of exponential
equations and inequalities.

Some exponential equations can be solved considering that exponential functions are
one-to-one. A strategy to solve an exponential equation is to write both sides of the equation
as powers of the same base. Here are some properties to be considered when solving an
exponential equation and exponential inequality.

1. One-to-One Property of Exponential Functions


If x1 ≠ x2, then b x ≠ b x . Conversely, if b x ≠ b x , then x1 = x2.
1 2 1 2

2. Property of Exponential Inequality


If b > 1, then the function y = bx is increasing for all x.
If 0 < b < 1, then the function y = bx is decreasing for all x.
Be careful when solving exponential inequalities. The resulting direction of the
inequality is based on whether the base is greater than 1 or less than 1. This is explained
further in the examples of solving exponential equations and inequalities. It is emphasized
that the inequality symbol is reversed when the base is less than 1.

Activity 2: Express the given numbers into the indicated power. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.
Example: 9 as a power of 3 32 (32 = 9 )

1. 32 as a power of 2 6. 81 as a power of 3
2. 125 as a power of 5 7. 8 as a power of 2
3. 64 as a power of 4 8. 25 as a power of 5
4. 16 as a power of 2 9. 216 as a power of 6

5. 27 as a power of 3 10. 625 as a power of 5

Study how the solution or root(s) of the exponential equations and inequalities are obtained.

Example 1. Solve the equation 4x-1 = 16.


Solution: Write both sides with 4 as the base.
4 x-1 = 16 4x-1 = 42

x–1=2 if 𝑏𝑥1 = 𝑏𝑥2, then x1 = x2. You equate


x=3 the exponents if bases are the same
then solve for x
Alternative solution: Write both sides with 2 as the base
4x-1 = 16 22(x-1) = 24

2(x - 1) = 4 You equate the exponents if bases are


2x – 2 = 4 the same, then solve for x.
2x = 4 + 2
2x = 6
x=3

Example 2. Solve the equation 125x-1 = 25x+3


Solution: Both 125 and 25 can be written using 5 as the base
125x -1 = 25x+ 3 53(x-1) = 52(x+3)

3(x – 1) = 2(x + 3)
3x – 3 = 2x + 6
3x – 2x = 6 + 3
x=9
2
Example 3. Solve the equation 9 x = 3x+3

Solution: 9 can be written using 3 as the base


2 2

9 x = 3x+3 32 x = 3x+3
2(x2) = x + 3
2x2 = x + 3
2
2x - x – 3 = 0
(2x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
2x – 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0

x= or x = -1
**It is important to write both sides of the equation using the same base.
Activity 3: Practice Makes Perfect!

Remember:
1. Knowledge of the laws of exponents is a great help in solving exponential equations and
inequalities.
2. In solving exponential equations, determine if the expression has the same base. If not,
rename the expressions using the same base. Then equate the exponents of each
expression to solve the value of the variable
3. The Property of Exponential Inequality states that,
If b > 1, then the function y = bx is increasing for all x.
If 0 < b < 1, then the function y = bx is decreasing for all x.
4. When solving exponential inequalities, the resulting direction of the inequality is based on
whether the base is greater than 1 or less than 1. Reverse the inequality symbol if the base
is less than 1. Otherwise, retain the inequality symbol.
Prepared by:
MARITES C. PERALTA
Teacher III

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