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18 views2 pages

2

chemistry notes

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Dev parmar
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NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information): A Short Note

Full Form: National Center for Biotechnology Information

Scientist: Dr. David Lipman (Director of NCBI)

Year Established: 1988

Introduction:

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) was established in 1988 as a division of
the National Library of Medicine (NLM) in the United States. Its mission is to provide access to
biomedical and genomic information, supporting research and education in the fields of molecular
biology, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. NCBI provides a comprehensive collection of biological
databases, bioinformatics tools, and scientific literature, making it one of the most widely used
resources in the life sciences.

Key Contributions:

- GenBank: NCBI hosts GenBank, one of the world's largest and most widely used repositories for
nucleotide sequences. It provides researchers with access to millions of sequences from various
organisms.

- BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool): Developed by Dr. Stephen Altschul and colleagues at
NCBI, BLAST is a widely used bioinformatics tool for comparing nucleotide or protein sequences
against databases to identify similarities.

- PubMed: A free resource hosted by NCBI, PubMed provides access to millions of citations and
abstracts from biomedical literature, including peer-reviewed journal articles.

- Entrez: A search engine and retrieval system developed by NCBI for accessing integrated biological
databases like GenBank, PubMed, and others.

- RefSeq: NCBI maintains the RefSeq database, which provides curated and annotated reference
sequences for genomes, mRNA, and proteins.

Applications:

- Genomic Research: NCBI provides essential resources for gene identification, sequence alignment,
and genome annotation.

- Comparative Genomics: Tools like BLAST and databases like GenBank allow for the comparison of
genomic data between species, contributing to studies in evolutionary biology.

- Biological Data Management: NCBI's databases and tools are essential for managing and analyzing
large-scale biological data, such as those generated by high-throughput sequencing technologies.
Tools Provided:

- BLAST: A tool for sequence alignment and comparison.

- Entrez Gene: A database for gene-specific information, including functional annotations.

- Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): A database for gene expression data.

- dbSNP: A database for genetic variation, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

NCBI's contributions to the field of bioinformatics and its comprehensive suite of databases and tools
have made it a cornerstone of biological research worldwide.

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