CL-IX-BIOLOGY MS TERM-1 QUESTION BOOKLET-2024-25

CHAPTER-THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
Sub Topic: 1. What are Living Organisms Made Up of?
MCQ- 1 mark
1 Which of the following can be made into crystal?
(a) A bacterium
(b) An Amoeba
(c) A virus
(d) A sperm
Ans. (c) A virus
2 The diagram below represents levels of organization in living things.
Which term would best represent X

(a) Human
(b) Tissue
(c) Stomach
(d) Chloroplast
Answer-(b) Tissue
3 Which of the following components are seen in a slide of human cheek cell when observed under a
microscope?
(a) Cell membrane, protoplasm, nucleus
(b) Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus
(c) Cell wall, protoplasm, nucleus
(d) Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Answer-(d) Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
4. Which one of the following statements is correct about the onion peel cells and cheek cells that we
observed under microscope?
(a) Onion cells has cell wall and cell membrane
(b) Cheek cell has cell wall and cell membrane
(c) Onion cell has only cell membrane
(d) Cheek cell has only cell wall
Answer-(a) Onion cells has cell wall and cell membrane
5 Arrange the flow chart in the correct order.
(a) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(c) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1
(d) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
Answer-(a) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5
6. Given below are four steps for preparing a temporary mount of human cheek cells.
(i) Taking the scrap from inner side of the cheek and spreading it on a clean slide.
(ii) Putting a drop of glycerine on the material.
(iii) Adding two or three drops of methylene blue.
(iv) Rinsing the mouth with fresh water and disinfectant solution.
The correct sequence of these steps is:
(a) (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv)
(b) (iv) – (i) – (iii) – (ii)
(c) (iv) – (i) – (ii) – (iii)
(d) (i) – (iii) – (ii) – (iv)
Answer-(b) (iv) – (i) – (iii) – (ii)
7 Which of the following are unicellular organisms?
(a) Bacteria and Yeast
(b) Bacteria and Lion
(c) Hydra and Earthworm
(d) Fish and Frog
Answer-(a) Bacteria and Yeast
8 Which diagram best illustrates the relationship between the number of cells, tissues, and organs in a
complex multicellular organism?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer-(d) 4
9 Refer to the given Venn diagram and select the incorrect option regarding V, W, X, Y and Z.
(a) V could be an outermost protective covering which is composed of lipopolysaccharides to

bacteria and cellulose in plants.
(b) Y could be a membrane-less organelle involved in protein synthesis whereas Z could be an
ingrowth of cell membrane that contains respiratory enzymes.
(c) W takes part in photosynthesis whereas Z connects generic material with plasma
Membrane.
(d) Both W and X could be double membrane structures but inner membrane of W is smooth
whereas that of X is thrown into fields.
Answer-(d) Both W and X could be double membrane structures but inner membrane of W is
smooth whereas that of X is thrown into fields.
10 Match the label of the diagrams with the correct cellular structure given above.
(a) I- Cell wall II- Cytoplasm IV-Nucleus

(b) I-Cytoplasm II- Nucleoid III- Plasma membrane
(c) I- Cell wall II- Cytoplasm IV-Nucleoid
(d) I-Cytoplasm II- Nucleoid IV- Plasma membrane
Answer-(c) I- Cell wall II- Cytoplasm IV-Nucleoid
11 Which structures are found in a human sperm cell?
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer-(b)B
Assertion/ Reasoning- 1 mark
DIRECTION: The following question consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
e) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
1 Assertion: Prokaryotic cells are advanced and larger than eukaryotic cells.
Reason: Prokaryotic cells lack cytoplasmic organelles.
Answer. (d) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
2 Assertion: The cells that have membrane bound organelles are called eukaryotic.
Reason: The cells that lack membrane bound organelles are called prokaryotic.
Answer: (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
3 Assertion: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms.
Reason: Bacteria do not possess true nucleus.
Answer: (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is the correct explanation.
4 Assertion: Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory.
Reason: His cell theory states that all plants and animals are composed of cells.
5 Assertion: Robert Brown discovered nucleus.
Reason: Nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of a living cell together form the protoplasm.
6 Assertion: Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found in the prokaryotic cells only.
Reason: Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm and associated with Endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer : (d) If Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
7 Assertion: The number of cells in a multicellular organism is inversely proportional to size of body.
Reason: All cells of biological world are same size.
Answer(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
8 Assertion: Organisms are made up of cells.
Reason: Cells are structural unit of living organisms.
9 Assertion: Both plant and animal cell, the main area of cellular activities is cytoplasm.
Reason: Various chemical reactions occur in cytoplasm to keep the cell in living state.
10 Assertion: Viruses lack any membranes.
Reason: Viruses do not show characteristics of life until they enter a living body and use its cell
machinery to multiply.
Very Short Answers- 2 mark
1 Bacteria does not have chloroplasts but some bacteria are photo-autotrophic in nature and perform
photosynthesis. Which part of bacterial cell perform this?
Answer-Small vesicles associated with the plasma membrane are present in bacteria. These vesicles
have pigment which can trap sunlight to carry photosynthesis.
2 How does the cytoplasm of prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?
Answer-Prokaryotes do not have a definite nucleus. The chromatin bodies remain scattered inside the
cytoplasm. They also lack membrane bound cell organelles.
In Eukaryotes well defined nucleus with nuclear membrane is found which separates nucleoplasm
from cytoplasm and in cytoplasm membrane bound cell organelles are found.
3 Give an example of
(a) Prokaryotic organism
(b) Eukaryotic organism
(c) Unicellular organism
(d) multicellular organism
Answer-
(a) Bacteria, Blue Green algae
(b) Plant, Goat
(c) Chlamydomonas, Paramoecium and bacteria
(d) Dog, Cat
4. Why is the cell called the functional unit of life?
Answer-
A cell can independently perform all vital life processes like obtaining nutrition from surroundings,
obtaining energy from the nutrients, excreting the waste material and reproducing. Hence it is called
the functional unit of life.
5. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Justify?
Answer-
A cell is a building block of an organism. Explain why?
Cells divide to produce cells of their own kind. All cells thus come from pre-existing cells.
Cells are called the building blocks of life because they are the basic unit for all living organisms, and
must be present for life to exist.
6. Write two characteristics of prokaryotic cell.
Answer-
Nucleus and nuclear membrane are not present but it consists of nucleoid region.
Membrane-bound organelles (like Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplast etc.) are absent.
Short Answers- 3 mark
1 Do all cells of our body look alike in terms of shape, size and structure? What similarities do they have
(any two)? Illustrate by drawing diagrams of any three cells present in human body and mention its
function.
(a) No, all cells of our body look alike in terms of shape, size and structure (0.5)
Similarities, (any two, 0.5 * 2= 1)

1. Covering of plasma membrane.
2. Presence of centrally placed nucleus.
3. Cytoplasm and different cell organelles, e.g., Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria,
ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum.
Any three
nerve cell – Transmit the messages
Sperm – male gamete, fused with female gamete in the fertilization process
Red blood cells – carries the oxygen to different part of the body
muscle fibres – relaxation and contraction of muscles
2 A' is a region where the genetic material is present in a prokaryotic cell.
'B' is an organelle responsible for photosynthesis.
'C' is an organelle present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Identify A, B and C.
Answer- A- Nucleoid
B- Chloroplast
C-Ribosome
3 (a) Who proposed the cell theory? Mention the postulates of cell theory.
(b) Who expanded Cell theory and what was his suggestion?
Answer-
(a) cell theory was presented by two biologists, Schleiden (1838) and Schwann (1839).
Postulates of cell theory: -
(i) all the plants and animals are composed of cells.
(ii) cell is the basic unit of life,
(b) The cell theory was further expanded by Virchow (1855) by suggesting that all cells arise from pre-
existing
cells.
4 What are two major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures?
Answer-
Prokaryotic cell:
Cells that lack a well-defined nucleus are called prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound nuclei or organelles.
They are unicellular organisms.
Eukaryotic cell:
Cells having a well-defined nucleus are called eukaryotic cells.
They contain a nucleus and organelles which are bound by plasma membranes.
They are usually multicellular organisms.
5 (a) Who discovered cell and when?
(b) What does the term ‘microscopic’ refers to?
(c) What is the term ‘cell’ means in latin ?
Answer.
(a) Robert Hooke ,year-1665
(b) so small as to be invisible or indistinct without the use of the microscope: microscopic
organisms
(c) The word cell is derived from the latin word "Cellula" which means a little room.
Long Answers- 5 mark
1 (a) Which scientist coined the term protoplasm?
(b) ‘Cells arise from the pre-existing cells’ this concept was given by which scientist?
(c) To which of the substance does Robert Hooke sees the resemblance of slice of the cork
from a tree.
(c) Name the scientist who discovered cell in the pond water with advanced microscope.
(d) Who discovered nucleus in the cell?
(e) Which kind of microscope was used by Robert Hooke for observing cell?
Answer-
(a) Purkinje in 1839 coined the term ‘protoplasm’.
(b) Virchow (1855) by suggesting that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
(c) He saw that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb consisting of many little
compartments. Robert Hooke called these boxes cells.
(d) Robert Brown in 1831 who discovered the nucleus in the cell.
(e) Robert Hooke observed the cells in a cork slice with the help of a primitive microscope.
2 (a) Who gave the cell theory? What does it state? Which organism is an exception of cell theory?
(b) What is lacking in a virus which makes it dependant on a living cell to multiply?
(c) The diagram shows some of the cell structures involved in the secretion of an extracellular enzyme.
(i) Identify A, B, C, and D

(ii)Outline the role of each of the following.
Ans :
(a)
Two biologists; “Schleiden and Schwann” gave the “Cell theory” which expanded by “Rudolf Virchow”. Cell
theory states that :
(i) All plants and animals are composed of cells.
(ii) Cell is the basic unit of life.
(iii) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Viruses are the exceptions of cell theory.
(b) Viruses look selectively permeable process membrane and cell organelles. Thus, they lack a basic
structural organization to perform various life processes effectively and in their own way. After entering in a
living cell, a virus utilizes its own genetic material and machinery of host cell to multiply.
(c)
(i) A = nucleus; B = ribosome/RER; C = (RER) vesicle; D = Golgi body;
(ii)
nucleus contains DNA
mRNA attaches to ribosomes;
polypeptide is transported through cell to Golgi body
for secretion/exocytosis;
Case Based- 4 mark
1 In multicellular organisms, there are millions of cells. Most of these cells are specialised to perform
a select few functions. Each specialised function is taken up by a different group of cells or tissues.
Since, these cells of a tissue carry out only a particular function, they do it very efficiently.
For example, in human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement, nerve cells
carry messages and blood how to transport oxygen, food, hormones and waste materials and so
on.
Likewise, in plants, vascular tissues (xylem, phloem) conduct water and food from one part of the
plant to other parts, meristematic tissues regulate normal growth and development, etc.
Thus, it can be said that multicellular organisms show division of labour.
Thus, cells are arranged and designed in a way so as to give the highest possible efficiency of the
function they perform.
(a) Write two differences between plant tissue and animal tissue on the basis
of totipotency and cell-organisation
(b) Multicellular organisms have division of labour. Explain.
(c) Do all cells of our body look alike in terms of shape, size and structure? Write similarities do
they have.
(d) Identify the cells given below present in the human body.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Answer:
(a)
Points plant tissue animal tissue
totipotency More Less
cell-organisation Simple Complex
(b) Multicellular organisms are made up of millions and trillions of cells. All these cells perform
specific functions. All the cells specialised for performing similar functions are grouped together as
tissues in the body. Hence, a particular function is carried out by a group of cells at a definite place
in the body. Similarly, different functions are carried out by different groups of cells in an organism.
This is known as division of labour in multicellular organisms.
Cell → Tissue → Organ→ Organ System
(c)The similarities in them are as follows:
(i) Cell organelles performing specific functions.
(ii) Presence of nucleus which controls the cellular activities.
(iii) Ability to perform basic and specific functions.
(d) (i) Bone Cell (ii) Sperm cell (iii) Ovum/Egg cell (iv) Fat Cell
2 Based on complexity of organization cells can be divided into two types: prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are present in primitive organisms and they have simple structural
organization. On the contrary, eukaryotic cells have complex structural organization and are present in
unicellular or multicellular organisms.
Based on your understanding of the above paragraph and studied concept answer the following
questions.
(a) Name any two prokaryotes.
(b) Where does the genetic material lie in Prokaryotic cells?
(c) Which type of cell organelles are absent in prokaryotic cells?
(d) Where does the genetic material lie in Eukaryotic cells?
Answer-
(a) Two prokaryotes blue-green algae, bacteria
(b) The genetic material lies in an undefined nuclear region called a nucleoid in Prokaryotic cells.
(c) Prokaryotic cells lack in membrane bounded cytoplasmic organelles.
(d) The genetic material lies in Eukaryotic cells with the nucleus.
3 Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life and it was discovered by a pioneer scientist
Robert Hooke in the year 1665 with the help of simple microscope while observing a thin slice of cork.
The compound microscope has
Coarse and fine adjustment knob to observe the image more clearly. It is used to observed stained
specimen. Later on, Leeuwenhoek (1674), with the improved microscope, discovered the free-living
cells and it was Robert Brown in 1831 who discovered the nucleus in the cell.
(a) Where did Leeuwenhoek observe the free-living cell first time?
(b) Name the stain is used or observing animal specimen under microscope.
(c) How do plant cells and animal cells differ in terms of their outer covering and the presence of
specific cell organelles?
(d) Write three main points of cell theory as expressed by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow.
Answer
(a) Pond water
(b) Methylene blue
(c)
Points Plant Plant Animal Plant
Outer Covering Cell Wall Cell membrane
Cell Organelles Chloroplast present Chloroplast absent
(d) Cell Theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed that:

All plants and animals are composed of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life. Later on, Virchow added that
All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Activity & Experiment based questions
1 The biology teacher instructed Manish to create temporary mounts using leaf peels, onion root tips,
and onion peels of various sizes. Following the activity, Manish examined the cells under a microscope
and made observations. Now, based on his findings, let's answer the questions:
(a) Do all cells look alike in terms of shape and size? Justify with suitable example.
(b) Write the precautions for temporary mount of onion peel.
(c) Name the stained parts of the cell.
Answer-
(a) No all cells do not look alike in terms of shape and size. Cells have different shapes and sizes as per
their functions. For example, red blood cells have a spherical shape that provides affinity for binding
oxygen and carries around the body.
(b) (i) Use a slide and cover with clean and dry glass.
(ii) Prevent air bubbles while covering.
(c) In onion peel the parts of the cell stained are cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm.
2 (a) Why do we use stain for mounting the slide?
(b) What is the position/location of nucleus in animal cell and plant cell?
(c) What is the function of cover slip in slide mounting?
Answer:
(a)The stain makes cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane visible as they take up the stain.
(b) In plant cell nucleus is present on one side of the cell whereas in animal cell the nucleus is
present in the middle of the cell.
(c) A cover slip keeps the slide mounted material at a fixed position, the covering prevents the
material from drying and also protects the lens of the microscope from getting in contact with
the material which can lead to fungal growth on the lens.
3 Ram listed four operations for preparing a temporary mount of human cheek cells-
(i) Rinsing the mouth with fresh water and disinfectant solution.
(ii) Taking scraping from inner side of cheek and spreading it on a clean slide.
(iii) Putting a drop of glycerine on the material.
(iv) Adding 2-3 drops of Methylene blue.
Study the above steps and answer the questions.
(a) Did he list all four operations in correct sequences
(b) Why should you rinse your mouth before scrapping the epithelial cells from inner side of cheek?
(c) Why is staining done before mounting?
(d) Why he has used glycerine?
Answer-
(a) (i), (ii), (iv) and (iii)
(b) Rinsing helps in removal of any food particles left in the mouth and which may come with the
cells.
(c) Staining provides colour to the cell, hence making it visible under microscope.
(d) Glycerine is an excellent hydrating liquid. It prevents the specimen from drying out over the course
of the examination. It provides a moist medium for the stain, making it easier to see the cell structure.
Skill based / Diagram Practice
1 Identify type of cell and labelled A, B, C and D.
Answer-Prokaryotic cell
A-Ribosome B-Plasma membrane C-Nucleoid D-Cell Wall
2 Draw a neat diagram of plant cell and label any three parts which differentiate it from animal cell.
Answer-
3 Identify the cell shown in the figure below and label its parts.
Answer-Animal Cell
1. Mitochondrion 2 Centriole: 3. Ribosomes: 4. Golgi bodies
5. Chromatin 6. Nucleolus 7. Nuclear membrane 8. Endoplasmic reticulum
3 Draw a neat diagram of prokaryotic cell and label it.
Answer-
Sub Topic: 2 (Types of solutions, cell wall)

MCQ- 1 mark
1 A cell will swell up if
(a) The concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the concentration of water
molecules in the surrounding medium.
(b) The concentration of water molecules in the surrounding medium is higher than water molecules
concentration in the cell.
(c) The concentration of water molecules is same in the cell and in the surrounding medium.
(d) Concentration of water molecules does not matter.
Answer-(b) the concentration of water molecules in the surrounding medium is higher than water
molecules concentration in the cell.
2 Plasmolysis in a plant cell is defined as

(a) breakdown (lysis) of plasma membrane in hypotonic medium
(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium
(c) shrinkage of nucleoplasm
(d) breakdown (lysis) of plasma membrane in hypertonic medium
Answer-(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium.
3 Osmosis is a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable
membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one. Can you pick out the
option among the following which does not belong to this process?
(a) The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is affected by the amount of
substances dissolved in it.
(b) Membranes are made of organic molecules such as proteins and lipids.
(c) Molecules soluble in organic solvents can easily pass through the membrane.
(d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants.
Answer-
(d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants.
4 Anjali wanted to eat rice and kidney bean (rajmah). She requested her mother to cook the same on
next day. At night her mother took a cup of kidney beans and put them in a container having some
water and the kept the container covered overnight. Next day it was observed that the kidney beans
got swollen and were ready to be cooked. What is this phenomenon due to which kidney beans got
swollen is known as?
(i) Osmosis
(ii) Diffusion
(iii) Endosmosis
(iv) Exosmosis
Choose the correct option among the following:
(a) Only (iii)
(b) Both (i) and (iii)
(c) Both (i) and (iv)
(d) Only (i)
Answer-(b) Both (i) and (iii)
5 A cell placed in solution swells up. The solution is:
(a) Hypertonic
(b) Isotonic
(c) Hypotonic
(d) Both A and B
Answer-(c) Hypotonic
6 Which of the following figures represents a totally plasmolysed cell?
(a) P
(b) Q
(c) R
(d) S
Answer-(d) S
7 If cells of onion peel and RBC are separately kept in hypotonic solution, what among the following will
take place? Explain the reason for your answer.
(a) Both the cells will swell.
(b) RBC will burst easily while cells of onion peel will resist the
bursting to some extent.
(c) a and b both are correct.
(d) RBC and onion peel cells will behave similarly.
Answer-(c) a and b both are correct.
8 Anjali wanted to eat rice and kidney bean (rajmah). She requested her mother to cook the same on
next day. At night her mother took a cup of kidney beans and put them in a container having some
water and the kept the container covered overnight. Next day it was observed that the kidney beans
got swollen and were ready to be cooked. What is this phenomenon due to which kidney beans got
swollen is known as?
(i) Osmosis
(ii) Diffusion
(iii) Endosmosis
(iv) Exosmosis
Choose the correct option among the following:
(a) Only (iii)
(b) Both (i) and (iii)
(c) Both (i) and (iv)
(d) Only (i)
Ans: (b) Both (i) and (iii)
9 What Makes to withstand greater charges in the surrounding medium than animal cells?
(a) cell wall
(b) vacuoles
(c) Nuclear membrane
(d) tonoplast
Ans. (a) cell wall
10 The normal cell plant in hypotonic solution shall?
(a) swells up
(b) plastids
(c) burst due to over swelling
(d) shows crenation
Ans.(c) burst due to over swelling
1 Assertion: Osmosis is movement of water from its higher concentration to the area of lower
concentration.
Reason: A semi permeable membrane is seldom required for it.
Answer- (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
2 Assertion: A plant cell shows limited endosmosis.
Reason: An animal cell kept in hypotonic solution will burst.
Answer- (b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3 Assertion: Cells having cell wall withstand very dilute (hypotonic) external media without bursting.
Reason: The cell wall exerts an equal pressure against the swollen cell.
4 Assertion: Cells placed in isotonic solution neither shrink nor swell.
Reason: Water moves neither in nor out of the cell.
Answer-(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
5 Assertion: A cell kept in a hypertonic solution would shrink.
Reason: Water tends to move from a region of low solute concentration to a high solute
concentration.
6 Assertion: To counteract the increase in turgor pressure in plant cells, the cell wall produces an equal
and opposite pressure, i.e., wall pressure.
Reason: When plant cells undergo endosmosis, they swell but do not burst.
1 A cell is placed in a solution ‘A’ and it swells up. What kind of solution is it? Why does it happen?
Answer-Hypotonic solution, Due to endosmosis.
2 Name two solutions apart from iodine solution which can be used to stain the cells?
Answer- Methylene blue and safranin solutions apart from iodine solution can be used to stain the
cells.
3 State two conditions required for osmosis.
Answer- (i) having a selectively-permeable membrane
(ii) differing concentrations of solute on either side of the membrane.
4 Why is glycerine used while making a slide of onion peel? Mention two points.
Answer-(i) Glycerine prevents the drying up of specimen.
(ii) helps in getting a clear picture under the microscopic lens.
5 In brief state what happens when:
Rheo leaves are boiled in water first and then a drop of sugar syrup is put on it.
Answer- Boiling Rheo leaves, kills their cells and cell organelles, cell wall. Due to this, all the cell loses its
integrity. Therefore, osmosis does not take place and no plasmolysis is observed.
6 Define imbibition? Give one example from our day-to-day life.
Answer-
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids-colloids causing an
enormous increase in volume.
Absorption of water by seed
Absorption of water by dry wood
7 A solution of 3% glucose and a solution of 8% glucose are kept in a trough separated by a
semipermeable membrane. What will you observe after 1 hour?
Answer-
After 1 hour the solutions on both the sides of the semipermeable membrane will become isotonic b
due to the movement of water through the semipermeable membrane from the dilute solution (3%)
to the more concentrated solution (8%) because of osmosis.
8 What would happen is shelled raw egg and deshelled boiled egg are placed in water?
Ans. There would be no difference in the eggs as:
1. if it is a shelled raw egg then water neither can enter nor leave the egg due the presence of the
nonpermeable hard shell.
2. If the egg is boiled and deshelled still it won't make difference because the egg is cooked and then
its contents have turned to solid.

1 Given below is the diagram of a cell as seen under the microscope after
having been placed in a solution:
(a) What would you do to bring this cell back to its original condition.
(b) Name the term used for the condition of the cell given above? Define it.
(c) Is the cell given above a plant cell or an animal cell? Give two reasons in support of your answer
as evident from the diagram.
Answer-
(a) It has to be placed in a hypotonic solution.
(b) Plasmolysis - Plasmolysis is defined as the process of contraction or shrinkage of the protoplasm
of a plant cell and is caused due to the loss of water in the cell.
(c) Plant cell,Two reasons are : (a) Presence of cell wall (b) Presence of large vacuole.
2 What will happen when
(a) Dry apricots are left for some time in pure water and later transferred to sugar solution.
(b) A Red blood cell is kept in concentrated saline solution.
(c) Rheo -leaves are boiled in water first and then is placed in sugar syrup.
Answer-
(a) When we put dried raisins or apricots in plain water and leave them for some time cell gains water
and swells. If we transfer it into a concentrated sugar solution, we will observe it loses water and
consequently shrinks.
(b) When red blood cell is kept in concentrated saline solution. The cell loses water immediately and
shrinks.
(c) On boiling, cells of Rheo leaf die and if we put sugar solution on it there will not be any intake of
water due to lack of osmosis. Here cells do not undergo plasmolysis concluding only living cells
undergo osmosis.
3 What is endocytosis? Why is endocytosis found in animals only? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer- Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell because of
flexible nature of plasma membrane. Animal cells lack rigid cell wall hence they are flexible. Amoeba
engulfing food particles.
4 How is bacterial cell different from onion peel?
Bacterial cell Onion peel
1. Size is larger (5-100

1. Size is small (1-10 mm).
mm).
2. Nucleus is absent.
2. Nucleus is present.
3. It is a prokaryotic cell.
3. It is a eukaryotic cell.
4. Cell division takes place by
4. Cell division takes place
fission or budding.
by mitosis.
5 Give three differences between cell membrane and cell wall.

Answer-
Cell membrane- present in all cell, semipermeable, living
Cell wall- present in plant, fungi bacteria cell, permeable, dead
6 What are the functional regions of a cell?
Answer:
There are three major functional regions of cells:
(i) cell membrane or plasma membrane,
(ii) nucleus and
(iii) cytoplasm.
7 How does fungi and bacteria can withstand much greater changes in the surrounding medium than
animal cells?
Answer: The cell wall present in fungi and bacteria permits these cells to withstand very dilute
external medium without bursting. Because of presence of cell walls, such cells can withstand much
greater changes in the surrounding medium when the cells tend to take up water by osmosis, the cell
swells, building up pressure against the cell wall and wall exerts an equal pressure against the swollen
cell.
8 Write three functions of plasma membrane.

Answer-(i) The plasma membrane acts as a barrier that separates the internal environment of
the cell from the external surroundings.
(ii) The membrane facilitates the transport of essential molecules such as nutrients,
ions, and gases in and out of the cell.
(iii) It is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to pass through
while restricting the passage of others.
1
X Y Z
(a) In diagram Z, a cell is kept in a solution and shows swelling in a few minutes. What type of solution
it could be?
(b) What could be the reason for the flaccidity of the cell in diagram Y?
(c) Mention the potential consequences of drinking excessive amounts of distilled water on the
human body's cells.
(d) The cell prepares its own plasma membrane by producing its own proteins and lipids. What is the
process called? Which cell organelles are involved in this process?
(e) State two conditions required for osmosis.
Answer-
(a) hypotonic solution
(b) When a cell is kept in the hypertonic solution, the water will come out of the cell and make the
cell flaccid.
(c) Drinking excessive distilled water can lead to an imbalance of electrolytes in the body, potentially
causing cellular swelling due to hypotonic effects.
(d) membrane biogenesis, RER, and SER .
(e) (i)The difference in the concentration of water, one should have higher concentration than the
other.
(ii) Semi-permeable membrane is also required through which water will flow.
2 observe the figurer given below and answer the following questions
(a) What has happened two cell ‘A’ and ‘B’?

(b) Identify the type of solution into which cell A and B are placed
(c) name and explain the process that has taken place in cell a and b
(d) What happens when both the cell A and B replaced with mammalian RBC?
(e) Does the cell B in the figure and RBC shows the same result in solution B? Explain
Answer-
(a) In ‘A’ the process of endosmosis happens due to different solution and in ‘A’ exosmosis.
(b) Solution A is hypotonic and B is hypertonic
(c) The process is osmosis , due to passive movement solvent molecule due to plasma membrane.
(d) In solution A -Swells and burst
In Solution B- Shrinks
(e) No, cell in the given figure will not burst because of cell wall.
3 An egg after removing its shell by putting it in dilute hydrochloric acid solution is placed in two
different solutions. What will happen when egg is placed in ?
(i) In pure water (ii) In concentrated salt solution (3 Marks)
(b) Mention the role of dil hydrochloric acid solution in above experiment
(c) What would happen is shelled raw egg and deshelled boiled egg are placed in water?
Answer.
(a) (i) When this treated egg is placed in pure water egg swells because water enters the egg by
osmosis. (concentration of water in cell < in solution). This process is known as endosmosis.
(ii) When placed in a concentrated salt solution the egg shrinks as water passes out of the egg into the
solution by osmosis. (Concentration of water in cell> in solution). This process is known as exosmosis.
(b) Egg shell is made up of Calcium bi carbonate, Dilute hydrochloric acid react with it and dissolve
it.So help in the process of deshelling.
(c) There would be no difference in the eggs as
(i) if it is a shelled raw egg then water neither can enter nor leave the egg due the presence of
the nonpermeable hard shell.
(ii) If the egg is boiled and deshelled still it won't make difference because the egg is cooked
and then its contents have turned to solid.
Case Based- 4 mark
1 Given below are diagrams of plant cells as seen under the microscope after having
been placed in two different solutions.
(a) What is the technical term for the condition of

(i) Cell A (ii) Cell B.
(b) From the solutions given in brackets
(water, 1% salt solution),
Name the solution into which, Cell A and Cell B was placed before being viewed under the
microscope.
(c) Under what conditions in the soil will the root hair cell resemble with Cell A and Cell B?
Answer-
(a) 1. Turgid cell 2. Plasmolysed cell
(b) Cell A- Water Cell B- 1% salt solution.
(c) The root hair cell will resemble cell A when the soil is well watered.
and the root hair cell will resemble cell B when there is a high concentration of fertilizer in the soil
and less
water in it.
2 Ravi's mother was preparing Sweets at home. She put some raisins in water, Ravi saw the raisings and
asked in that why the raisins had swelled up in water. To know the phenomena involved he searched
on the net to find out answers.
(a) Name the phenomena involved and define it.
(b) What is isotonic solution?
(c) What will happen if a deshelled egg is placed in concentrated salt solution?
(d) Give two examples of osmosis in your real life.
Answer-
(a) Endosmosis, defined as the movement of the water inside the cells when the cell is placed in a
hypotonic solution. This movement of water causes the cell to swell.
(b) An isotonic solution, solution has the same concentration of solutes (such as salts, sugars, or other
substances) as the cell or tissue it is being compared to. An isotonic solution will result in no net
movement of water across the cell membrane, as the concentration of solutes inside and outside the
cell is balanced.
(c) When the same de-shelled egg is placed in a concentrated salt solution, the egg will shrink
because of exosmosis.
(d) (i) Plants take water and mineral from roots with the help of Osmosis.
(ii) you keep raisin in water and the raisin gets puffed.
3
(a) Identify A - and B- cells.
(b) Define the phenomena occurs in B cell.
(c) What will happen if B-cells are kept in hypotonic solution
(d) What will happen if A Cells are kept in hypertonic solution?
Answer-
(a) A - a group of turgid cells. B - a group of Plasmolysed cells.
(b) Plasmolysis is the process of shrinking of the plasma membrane away from the cell wall due to
exosmosis when the cell is placed in hypertonic solution.
(c)As the higher concentration of water will be present in the hypotonic solution and lower
concentration of water will be present within Plasmolysed B cells. Hence water enter into the B-cells
by the process of endosmosis. and these cells will become Plasmolysed.
(d) This will result in gradual loss of water from A cells due to exosmosis and these cells will become
Plasmolysed.
1 Vasu was helping his mother in laying the table when they had some guest for dinner. Vasu was about
to sprinkle salt on salad for dressing. His mother stopped him from doing so and told him that it is too
early to sprinkle salt on the salad, he should do so only when they are seated for having the dinner.
(a) What would happen if salt is sprinkled on the salad?
(b) Name the phenomena involved in the above practice and explain.
Answer-
(a) On sprinkling of some salt on the salad, the salad will release water.
(b) Exosmosis, the salt outside the salad acts as hypertonic solution as it has less water
concentration and therefore the cell loses water by exosmosis.
2 Anu is a five-year-old girl who joined the swimming classes. After the first class she was worried when
she saw her wrinkled fingers. She asked her elder sister about the wrinkling and shrinking of her
fingers. Her sister explained Anu why it was so.
(a) Why did the fingers wrinkle after swimming?
(b) What caused the shrinking/wrinkling of fingers?
Answer-(a) Fingers wrinkled because the cells of the skin lost some water due to exosmosis.
(b) This happened because of the difference in the concentration of water in the skin cells and
swimming pool’s water.
3 Two sailors got marooned on the island, both of them were very thirsty and one of the sailors tried to
drink sea water. The other sailor immediately stopped him from drinking the salty water of sea and
suggested to wait for some help, stay calm and patient.
(a) What would happen if the sailor drinks salty water?
(b) What is osmosis?
Answer:
(a) On drinking salty water, exosmosis in the stomach and intestine and cause dehydration and
vomiting.
(b) The movement of water molecules through a permeable membrane is called osmosis.
1 Draw a plant cell and label the parts which
(a) determines the function and development of the cell
(b) packages materials coming from the endoplasmic reticulum
(c) provides resistance to microbes to withstand hypotonic external media without bursting
(d) is site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life.
(e) is a fluid contained inside the nucleus
Ans. Following is the schematic diagram of plant cell containing the specific cell organelles as asked in
the questions: -
(a) Nucleus
(b) Golgi Apparatus
(c) Cell wall
(d) Cytoplasm
(e) Nucleoplasm
Sub Topic: 3 (Nucleus, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm cell organelles up to Lysosome)
MCQ- 1 mark
1 Chromosomes are made up of
(a) DNA
(b) Protein
(c) DNA and protein
(d) RNA
Answer-(c) DNA and protein
2 Which of these options are not a function of ribosomes?
(i) It helps in manufacture of protein molecules.
(ii) It helps in manufacture of enzymes.
(iii) It helps in manufacture of hormones.
(iv) It helps in manufacture of starch molecules.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iv) and (i)
Answer-(c) (iii) and (iv)
3 Which of these is not related to endoplasmic reticulum?
(a) It behaves as a transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.
(b) It transports materials between various regions in the cytoplasm.
(c) It can be the site of energy generation.
(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell.
Answer-(c) It can be the site of energy generation.
4 Which of the following are covered by a single membrane?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Vacuole
(c) Lysosome
(d) Plastid
Answer-(c) Lysosome
5 Find out the false sentence.
(a) Golgi Apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes.
(b) Nucleus, mitochondria and plastid have DNA, hence they are able to make their own structural
proteins.
(c) Mitochondria is said to be the power house of the cell as ATP is generated in them.
(d) Cytoplasm is called as protoplasm.
Answer-(d) Cytoplasm is called as protoplasm.
6 Which cell organelle plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in a cell?
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Vacuoles
Answer-(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
7 Which out of the following is not a function of vacuole?
(a) Storage
(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(c) Waste excretion
(d) Locomotion
Answer-(d) Locomotion
8 Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of
drugs?
(a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(b) Nucleus
(c) Golgi apparatus
(d) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: (d) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
9 What is common to all cells?
(a) All cells have a cell wall
(b) All cells are photosynthetic
(c) All cells divide to form new cells
(d) All cells have a nucleus
Answer-(c) All cells divide to form new cells
10 Mitochondria are the sites of respiration in the cell. They oxidize carbohydrates and fats present in the
cell to produce carbon dioxide, water and a lot of energy. The energy so released is stored in the form
of ATP molecules. Since mitochondria in the cell are used to synthesize energy so, they are also called:
(a) Energy currency of the cell
(b) Energy generator of the cell
(c) Kitchen of the cell
(d) Power house of the cell
Answer-(d) Power house of the cell
1 Assertion: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not associated with synthesis of proteins.
Reason: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not possess ribosomes.
2 Assertion: Golgi bodies store, modify and pack products in vesicles.
Reason: They are involved in the formation of lysosomes.
3 Assertion: Lysosomes are also called suicidal bags of a cell.
Reason: When the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell.
4 Assertion: Lysosomes have basic enzymes.
Reason: Lysosomes are called autophagosomes.
Answer
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
5 Assertion: Plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
Reason: It allows some solutes to pass through it readily along with solvents.
6 Assertion: Nucleus is the controlling centre of a cell.
Reason: Pores in the nuclear envelop regulate the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus
7 Assertion: smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) helps in membrane biogenesis.
Reason: SER helps in manufacturing of lipid molecule.
8 Assertion: Chromosomes are known as hereditary vehicles.
Reason: The chromosomes are capable of self-reproduction and maintaining morphological and
physiological properties through successive generations.
9 Assertion: Genes are the segments of DNA molecule.
Reason: Genes carry information for protein synthesis.
10 Assertion: Golgi apparatus remains in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Reason: A number of proteins and lipid synthesised by ribosomes on the ER are modified in the
cisternae.
1 (i) Name the process by which amoeba obtained its food?
(ii) Which part of its cell help in this process and name the nature of this part that enable it to do so?
Answer-
(i) endocytosis.
(ii) Plasma membrane, flexibility
2 State two differences between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer-
SER(Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) RER(Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)
1 Ribosome is not associated Ribosome is associated
2 SER helps in the manufacture of fat RER helps in the manufacture of protein.
molecules, or lipids, important for cell
function.
3 Name the cell organelle for the following:
(a) Present only in plant cell, provides strength and rigidity to the cell.
(b) It is the site for lipids synthesis and helps in detoxification of drugs.
(c) The inner membrane is folded to form cristae; it has its own DNA and proteins.
(d) It helps in the formation of lysosomes.
Answer: (a) Cell wall
(b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Golgi apparatus
4 Why plasma membrane is known as a selectively permeable membrane?
Answer:
Plasma membrane is a highly specific structure. It is made up of lipids and proteins who selectively
allow the entry of substance into cell and exit of some other substances from the cell i.e. selectively
permeable.
5 What is membrane biogenesis?
Answer: The endoplasmic reticulum helps in the manufacture of proteins and fat molecules or lipids
which are important for the cell function. These proteins and lipids help in the building of the cell
membrane. This process is known as membrane biogenesis.
6 Identify X and Y
Write the functions of X and Y.
Answer-
(a) X-Nucleolus Y-Chromatin reticulum
(b) X-Nucleolus- Synthesis of Ribosome Y- Carries the genetic information.
1 (a) What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
(b) What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
Answer
(a) Rupture or break down of the plasma membrane indicates that cell is damaged and in
such condition the lysosomes of the damaged cells may burst and the digestive
enzymes present inside those lysosomes would digest their own cell. This will result into
death of the cell.
(b) If there was no Golgi apparatus for a cell then all sort of storage, modification, packaging and
dispatch of materials within and outside the cell would be not possible.
2 How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell?
Answer: The exchange of gases CO2 & O2 between cells takes place by diffusion process.
Diffusion is defined as movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to lower
concentration CO2. is formed inside cell due to respiration and it accumulates in the cell so its
concentration is high in the cell as compared to the surroundings. On the other hand, O 2 is utilized
inside cell during respiration and therefore its concentration decreases inside the cell while remains
comparatively high in the surroundings. As a result, diffuses out CO2 and O2 diffuses into the cell.
3 What is the function of nucleus in a cell?
Answer: The nucleus plays a very important role in the reproduction of cells. It also helps the single
cell to divide and form two new daughter cells.
It plays an important role in determining how the cell will develop and what form it will exhibit at
maturity, by directing the chemical activities of the cell.
4 (a) What are ribosomes?
(b) Where are they located in the cell?
(c) What is their function?
Answer:
(a) Ribosomes are spherical organelles present in the cell which are either freely distributed in the
cytoplasm or may be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
(b) It consists of ribosomal RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and proteins.
(c) Functions of Ribosomes: It helps in the synthesis of proteins.
5 Endoplasmic reticulum has a big number of functions to perform within a cell. Justify. (Discuss any
three points)
Answer:
Helps in detoxification by metabolizing various toxics like aspirin, insecticides, etc.
- Helps in biosynthesis of glycolipids, phospholipid and cholesterol.
- Digestive enzymes of lysosome are produced by rough ER.
- The lipids and proteins from which cell membrane is made are synthesized by endoplasmic
reticulum.
1 (a) How does the nucleus contribute to the development of a cell?
(b) What are the functional segments of DNA, and what role do they play in the genetic makeup of an
organism?
(c) How are chromosomes structured, and what are their main components?
(d) What is the primary function of chromosomes in the context of inheritance?
(e) What are the differences between protoplasm and cytoplasm?
Answer-
(a) The nucleus contributes to the development of a cell by directing the chemical activities of the
cell.
(b) The functional segments of DNA are called genes. Genes carry specific instructions for the
synthesis of proteins and play a fundamental role in determining the traits and characteristics of an
organism.
(c) Chromosomes are composed of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) and protein. The DNA molecules
within chromosomes contain information essential for constructing and organizing cells, and this
genetic material is organized into functional segments called genes.
(d) Chromosomes play a crucial role in the inheritance of characters from parents to the next
generation. They carry information in the form of DNA molecules, which contain the genetic code
necessary for the transmission of hereditary traits.
(e) Protoplasm is the content of the cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm and the cell nucleus.
Cytoplasm is the jelly like substance surrounding the nucleus within the cell membrane. The
cytoplasm contains the cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.
2 Name the following Parts of cell.

(a) It is the packaging organelle
(b) Provides energy
(c) Helps in the transport of material
(d)Carries the information.
(e) Kitchen Of Plant
(f) Waste disposal system
Answer-
(a) Golgi bodies
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(d) Nucleus
(e) Chloroplast
(f) Lysosome
3 Identify A, B, C, D and E.
Thin thread like entangled mass present in the nucleus is called A. During cell division, A
thickens into B. B is chemically made up of C and D. E is the functional segment of B.
(b) All members of the Gupta family can roll their tongues. Which of the parts in the given flow chart
carries information regarding this characteristic?
(c)
Answer-
(a) A- Chromatin, B- DNA C-Protein D- Gene E- Chromosome
(b) D-gene
Case Based- 4 mark

1 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network comprising membrane-bound tubes and
sheets, stretching from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm. Its structure is characterized
by elongated tubules and rounded or oblong vesicles. The ER manifests in three distinct forms:
cisternae, vesicles, and tubules.
(a) What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and how does it appear under a
microscope?
(b) What is the role of ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and how does it
contribute to cellular processes?
(c) what advantages does this interconnected structure provide for cellular processes?
(d) Mention crucial role played by SER In the liver cells of vertebrates
Answer-(a) The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets.
It looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags (vesicles) under a microscope.
(b) RER are the sites of protein manufacture. The manufactured proteins are then sent to various
places in the cell depending on need in various cellular process using the ER.
(c) Advantages of network system formed by ER for cellular process is to
(i) serve as channels for the transport of materials (especially proteins) between various regions
of the Cytoplasm.
(ii) serve as channels for the transport of materials (especially proteins) between the cytoplasm and
the nucleus.
(d) In the liver cells of vertebrates, SER plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs.
2 Plasma membrane or Cell membrane is the outermost covering of the cell that separates the contents
of the cell from its external environment. The plasma membrane is flexible and is made up of organic
molecules. The flexibility of the cell membrane also enables the cell to engulf in food and other
material from its external environment.
(a) Write the component of plasma membrane.

(b) What is the function of the plasma membrane or cell membrane in a cell?
(c) How does the plasma membrane regulate the entry and exit of materials in and out of
the cell?
(d) How do substances like carbon dioxide or oxygen move across the cell membrane?
Answer-
(a) Protein and Lipids
(b) The plasma membrane, or cell membrane, serves as the outermost covering of the cell,
separating the internal contents from the external environment.
(c) The plasma membrane permits the entry and exit of certain materials, while preventing the
movement of others. This characteristic gives rise to the term "selectively permeable membrane."
(d) Carbon dioxide and oxygen can move across the cell membrane through a process
called diffusion, where there is spontaneous movement from a region of high
concentration to a region of low concentration.
1 Label the figure and answer the questions:
(i) A – It is the packaging organelle
(ii) B – Provides energy
(iii) C – helps in the transport of material
(iv) D – Carries the information.
Answer-
(i) A – Golgi body

(ii) B – Mitochondria
(iii) C – Endoplasmic reticulum
(iv) D – Nucleus
2
Label the diagram.

Answer- X-Vacuole
Y- Ribosome
Z- Lysosome
W-Golgi bodies
3
Label A, B, C and D.
Answer-
A-RER
B-SER
C-Nucleus
D-Ribosome
4 Label P,Q,R and S
Sub Topic: 4 (Mitochondria, Plastid, Vacuoles and Cell division)

MCQ- 1 mark
1 You must have observed that a fruit when unripe is green but it becomes beautifully coloured when
ripe. According to you what is the reason behind this colour change.
(a) Chloroplasts change to chromoplasts
(b) Chromoplasts change to chromosomes
(c) Chloroplasts change to chromosomes
(d) Chromoplasts change to chloroplasts
Answer-(a) Chloroplasts change to chromoplasts
2 A vacuole is a space or cavity within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically
containing fluid. They are a kind of storage sacs that are very large sized in plant cell as compared to
that in the animal cell.
Which among the following is not a function of the vacuole?
(a) They help to store the toxic metabolic by-products of the plant cell.
(b) They provide turgidity and rigidity to the plant cell.
(c) They help to maintain the osmotic pressure in the cell.
(d) They help the plant in its growth by the process of cell division.
Answer-(d) They help the plant in its growth by the process of cell division.
3 Typically, the inner membrane of mitochondria is highly convoluted to form a series of infolding
known as
(a) Grana
(b) Thylakoids
(c) Cristae
(d) Lamellae
Answer: (c) cristae
4 Name the light absorbing pigment present in this diagram
(a) Xanthophyll
(b) Chlorophyll
(c) Phycobilin
(d) Carotenoids
Answer: (b) Chlorophyll
5 The type of plastids helping in pollination is
(a) Leucoplasts
(b) Chloroplasts
(c) Chromoplasts
(d) Elaioplast
Answer: (c) Chromoplasts
6 The diagram below can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in
(a) Tissue repair

(b) Meiosis
(c) Recombination
(d) Sexual reproduction
Answer-(a) Tissue repair
7 Organisms lack plastids
(a) fungi and animals
(b) plants and animals
(c) bacterium, animals and fungi
(d) Bacteria and Fungi
Answer
(c) bacterium, animals and fungi
8 How many daughter cells are formed in meiosis I?

(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 1
(d) 3
Answer-(a) 2
9 Which cell organelle is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
(a) Mitochondria
(b)Endoplasmic reticulum
(c)Nucleus
(d)Ribosomes
Answer- (d) Ribosomes
10 Which of the following is not a function of a vacuole?
(a) Storage
(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(c) Waste excretion
(d) Locomotion
Answer-(d) Locomotion
1 Assertion Mitochondria and chloroplast are semi- autonomous organelles.
Reason They have their own genetic material which codes for their proteins.
2 Assertion: Leucoplast is a colourless plastid.
Reason: Leucoplast store fats, starch and proteins.
3 Assertion: Plant cells have very large vacuoles.
Reason: In plant cells, vacuoles are full of cell sap.
4 Assertion: The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume.
Reason: They provide energy to the plant cell.
5 Assertion: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis.
Reason: Meiosis I cannot occur in haploid cells.
6 Assertion: Meiosis is also known as reduction division.
Reason: Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in daughter cells.
Answer
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
7 Assertion: The content of inner compartment of mitochondria is called matrix.
Reason: The outer membrane forms a number of infoldings called cristae.
8 Assertion: Inner membrane of chloroplast is relatively less permeable as compared to the outer
membrane.
Reason: Inner membrane of chloroplast forms a number of infoldings called cristae.
9 Assertion: Tomatoes are red in colour due to plastids.
Reason: Chromoplasts are the plastids that provide colour other than green to plant parts.
10 Assertion: Meiosis occurs in the reproductive cell.
Reason: Chromosome number remains the same in the meiotic division.
Answer-(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
1 What is ATP? Why it is impotant?
Answer-
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell.
The body uses energy stored in ATP for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work.
2 (i) Lysosomes are artophagous organelles during starvation.
(ii) Mitochondria are called semiautonomous cell organelle
Answer-
(i) During starvation, the lysosomes digest stored food contents (proteins, lipids, glycogen) and
provide the necessary energy to the cells. This is called autophagy.
(ii) Mitochondria have their own DNA which can replicate independently. Mitochondria are partly
independent or semi-autonomous as they can manufacture some of the proteins required for their
functioning with the help of their DNA, RNAs, enzymes, and ribosomes and obtain the others from
the cytoplasm formed under the control of the nuclear DNA.
3 (a) Name the cell organelle which is considered as ‘powerhouse of cell' ? Why it is called so.
(b) Give three similarities and one difference between the above organelle and plastid.
Answer-
(a) Mitochondria. It is called the 'powerhouse of cell' because energy required by various chemical
activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP. Body uses energy stored in
ATP for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work.
(b) Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are:
1) Both mitochondria and plastids have their own DNA and ribosomes.
2) Both mitochondria and plastids have more than one membrane layer.
3) External structure of mitochondria and plastids are same.
Mitochondria Plastids
Found in all eukaryotic Found in only cells plant cells
4 (a) Why do plant cells have more in number and big-sized vacuoles as compared to the animal cells?
(b) Which organelle is known as powerhouse of the cell?
Answer:
(a) Plant cells attain turgidity and rigidity due to more number of vacuoles as well as large-sized
vacuoles help the plant cells to withstand the wear and tear, external environmental conditions.
They also help in the storage of essential material required by plants for their growth like amino acids,
sugar and various organic substances.
(b) Mitochondria is known as powerhouse of the cell because they store energy in the form of ATP.
[Adenosine Triphosphate]
5 (a) Name the types of cell division that occurs during the following cellular activity.
(i) Growth of a shoot.
(ii) Formation of pollen grains.
(b) Why the chromosome number has reduced to half in daughter cells during meiotic division?
Answer-
(a) (i) Mitosis (ii) Meiosis
(b) The chromosome number has reduced to half in daughter cells during meiotic division because to
restore chromosome number. The haploid cells in gametes fuses during fertilization and form diploid
Zygote hence restoring the chromosome number.
1
(i) Identfy the cell organells and label A,B,and C of the given diagram?
(ii) Why structure C is highly folded ?
(ii) Wrire the function of the given organell ?
Answer-
(i) Mitochondria A- Outer membrane B-Mitochondrial Matrix and C- Cristae
(ii) The inner membrane is deeply folded. These folds increase surface area for ATPgenerating
chemical reactions. The energy required for various chemical activities needed for life is released by
mitochondria in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphopshate) molecules.
(iii) Intercellular respiration.
Powerhouse of cell.
2 Study the figure and answer the following questions.
(a) Is this structure present in animal cell or plant cell?

(b) Can these be passes on to the progeny? How?
(c) Name the metabolic processes taking place in it.
Answer-
(a) The above figure shows the chloroplast which is green in colour and performs photosynthesis in
plants thus. The structure is present in plant cell.
(b) Yes, chloroplast has the power of self-replication because of presence of extranuclear DNA.
(c) The metabolic that occurs in the marked places is photosynthesis.
3 Collect some parts of plants like, Orange, Beetroot, Radish, Drumsticks,
Lady’s finger, Jasmine, etc. and put a tick mark if you find the listed plastids present in them.
Answer-
4 Study the given flow chart regarding some cell organelles present in a cell.
(a) Identify Y write its function.

(b) Name a cell organelle present only in plant which satisfied the condition of X
and write the function.
(c) Name another cell organelle present both in plants and animal which
satisfied the condition of X and write the function of that organelle.
Answer-
(a) Ribosome, Protein synthesis.
(b) Chloroplast- Photosynthesis.
(c) Mitochondria- ATP Synthesis.
1 The diagram below shows three generations of cell division. Study the diagram and answer the
following questions.
(i) How many cells should exist in the fourth generation?

(i) Identify the type of cell division.
(iii) Where does this type of cell division usually occur?
(iv) Give significance of this division.
(v) What is the nuclear DNA content of each daughter cell after this division?
Answer-
(i) Eight
(ii) Mitosis
(iii) Body cell or somatic cell.
(iv) Help in growth, repair and asexual reproduction of lower organism.
(v) Same as parent cell.
2 The diagram represents processes involved in human reproduction.
(i) Name the cell division that occurs during the process A and B.
(ii) Write two differences between cell division that occurs during A and D.
(iii) Write two importance of the type of cell division that occurs during the process D.
(iv) If male has chromosome number 46. Predict the number of chromosomes after the process A
and D.
(v) Zygote is a diploid cell. Explain.
Answer-
(i) A and B -meiosis
(ii) A- Meiosis- Reductional division, four daughter cells, occurs in germ cell.
B- Mitosis- equational division, two daughter cells, occurs in somatic cell.
(iii) help in growth, Repair of wounds, mode of reproduction.
(iv) After the process A - 23 After the process B – 46.
(v) Zygote is produced by the fusion of male and female gametes which are haploid. Hence it is
diploid.
3 Refer to the given diagrammatic representation of an electron microscope of a section of chloroplast
and answer the following questions
(a) Identify Y and Z

(b) Write two similarities between Mitochondria and chloroplast.
(c) Chloroplast is a green coloured plastid. Justify
(d) Write two other colour pigment present in chloroplast in addition to green pigment .
Answer-
(a) Y- stroma Z-DNA
(b) (1) Both mitochondria and plastids have their own DNA and ribosomes.
(2) Both mitochondria and plastids have more than one membrane layer.
(c) Chloroplast is a green coloured plastid due to presence of green pigment Chlorophyll.
(d) yellow and orange pigment
Case Based- 4 mark

1 A student had drawn the diagram of a cell in a hurry, as shown alongside. Observe the diagram and
answer the following
(a) Identify Cell organelle 3 and write one function of it in plant cell except storage.
(b) Name two substances stored in organelle 3.
(c) Identify the part 1 in the diagram. Write one function of labelled part 1 in bacterial cell.
(d) Name two parts we can see under the microscope after staining the onion peel.
Answer-
(a) Vacuole, provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell.
(b) amino acids, sugars
(c) Cell wall, helps bacteria to withstand very dilute (hypotonic) external media without bursting.
(d) Cell wall and Vacuole
2 Study the annotated diagram and answer the following,
(a) Identify the Cell organelle. Give its common name also.
(b) Why inner membrane is highly folded?
(c) Mention the role of DNA and Ribosome in this organelle.
(d) Name the type of enzyme present this organelle.
Answer-
(a) Mitochondria, Powerhouse of cell
(b) Inner membrane is highly folded because folds increase surface area for ATP generating chemical
reactions.
(c) DNA and Ribosome in this organelle able to make some of their own proteins.
(d) Oxidative enzyme ,Enzyme helps in respiration and ATP formation.
3 Cell division is the process by which new cells are formed. It is of two main types: mitosis and meiosis.
Unlike mitosis meiosis is only confined to specific cells called meiocytes of reproductive organs or
tissues in animals, plants, various protists and fungi. It takes place at a particular time. These specific
cells divide to form gametes. Mitosis on the other hand, occurs in all kinds of cell and may continue
throughout the life.
Based on your understanding of the above paragraph and studied concept answer the following
questions.
(a) How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis and mitosis respectively?
(b) Mention any two differences between mitosis and meiosis.
(c) What is the nuclear DNA content of each daughter cell after mitosis?
(d) Explain the significance of meiosis.
Answer:
(a) Meiosis-4, Mitosis-2
(b)
(c) same amount of nuclear material in the daughter cells as that of the parent cell
(d) Helps in restoring chromosome no by producing haploid gametes in sexually reproducing
organisms.
1
(a) Identify the cell organelle.

(b) Labell X and Y
Answer-
(a) Mitochondria
(b) X- Outer membrane Y- Cristae
2
Label the 1,2,3 and 4

Answer-
1- Cell wall
2- Cytoplasm
3- Vacuole
4- Nucleus
3 The following diagram shows some of the missing structures in an animal cell (A-E). Identify the
structures.
Answer-A-Plasma membrane, B-Mitochondria, C-Ribosomes, D-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, E-

Golgi apparatus
CHAPTER- Tissues
Sub Topic: Plant Tissues (Meristematic Tissues)
MCQ- 1 mark
1 2. If the tip of the sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps on growing in
length. It is due to the presence of:
(a) Cambium
(b) Apical meristem
(c) Lateral meristem
(d) Intercalary meristem
b
2 Meristematic tissues in plants are
(a) localised and permanent
(b) not limited to certain regions
(c) localised and dividing cells
(d) growing in volume
c
3 Which of the following tissue lack vacuole ?
(a)Apical meristem
(b) Intercalary meristem
(c ) parenchyma
(d) both A and B
d
4 Which of the following are living cells and possess the power for division?
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Xylem
(c) Phloem
(d) Cambium
d
5 Which of the following meristems helps to increase girth of the stem?
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
(c) Intercalary meristem
(d) Vertical meristem
b
6 There are specific regions of plant body that constantly remain in the state of division. What are
they?
(a) Perisperm
(b) Endosperm
(c) Meristem
(d) Stele
c
7 Which of the following meristems helps to increase girth of the stem?
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
(c) Intercalary meristem
(d) Vertical meristem
b
8 Which of the following statements are correct about meristematic tissues?
(a) Composed of cells that are incapable of cell division
(b) Composed of a single type of cell
(c ) It is composed of cells that are able to perform cell division
(d) None of the above
c
9 Rapid elongation of a bamboo stem is due to
(a) Lateral meristem
(b) Intercalary meristem
(c) Apical meristem
(d) Cambium
b
10 Which meristematic tissue is present at the growing tip of shoot and root.
(a)apical meristem
(b) lateral meristem
(c) intercalary meristem
(d) both A and B
a
DIRECTION: The following question consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
1 Assertion: Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stem and root
Reason: Apical meristem is always present at the upper side of plant.
b
2 Assertion: Permanent tissue is composed of mature cells.
Reason: Meristematic tissue is a group of actively dividing cells
b
3 Assertion: Most of plant tissues are dead.
Reason: Due to sedentary existence of plants, dead cells provide mechanical strength more easily
than live ones and need less maintenance.
a
4 Assertion: Meristematic tissues constitute the major portion of the plant body.
Reason: Meristematic tissues consist of differentiated cells.
c
5 Assertion: Lateral meristems add thickness of plants.
Reason: Lateral meristems divide only in one plane.
b
6 Assertion: A cell of meristem is very active.
Reason: Meristem tissue is dividing tissue.
a
7 Assertion(A): Apical meristems are present in tips of stems and roots.
Reason(R): Root and stems grow in length.
a
8 Assertion(A): The growth of plants occurs in certain specific regions
Reason(R): The meristematic tissue is found all over the plant body
c
9 Assertion(A): Meristematic tissues are present in every part of the plant body.
Reason(R): These tissues consist of undifferentiated cell.
c
10 Assertion(A): Lateral meristem are found along the sides of various organs of plants.
Reason(R): They help in healing wounds of plants
b
1 Why there is no clear demarcation of dividing and non-dividing tissues in animals?
Cell growth in animals is more uniform and tissues not localised in certain regions
2 Why most of the tissues in plants are dead?
Since plants are stationaryand dead cells provide mechanical strength as live ones and need less
maintenance
3 What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
The cluster of cells, called a tissue, is arranged and designed so as to give the highest possible
efficiency of function. For eg. Blood, phloem
4 Define the process of differentiation.
The loss of ability to divide by taking up a permanent shape, size, and function is called
differentiation
5 What is a tissue?
A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a particular function
forms a tissue
6 Why the growth of plants occurs in certain specific regions?
The growth of plants occurs only in certain specific regions. This is because the dividing tissue,
also known as meristematic tissue, is located only at these points.
7 On what basis meristematic tissues are classified?
Depending on the region where they are present, meristematic tissues are classified as apical,
lateral and intercalary.
8 Where is intercalary meristem found in plants?
Intercalary meristem seen in some plants is located near the node.
9 Why do meristematic tissue lacks vacuole?
Vacuoles are full of cell sap and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell and meristematic tissue
are dividing cells so do not need structural strength.
10 Why multicellular organism show division of labour?
In multicellular organisms there are millions of cells. Most of these cells are specialised to carry
out specific functions. Each specialised function is taken up by a different group of cells
1 State the structural and functional differences between plant and animal tissue
Plants are stationary
Most of the tissues are supportive which provides them structural strength, so most of the tissues
are comprised of dead cells
Animals move around in search of food and shelter. They consume more energy, so most of the
tissues are living.
2
3 What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?

There is a clear-cut division of labour in multicellular organisms i.e. different parts of the body of a
multicellular organism perform specific functions to achieve highest possible efficiency of
function.
All these functions would never be possible without formation of tissues in multicellular
organisms.
4 Why does an organism—plant or animal, require different types of cells in the body?
Any organism will have a wide range of cell types. This is because each cell type specialises in one
particular function. And for the proper working of an organism many functions like food transport,
immunity, strength, etc., are needed to be performed properly
5 What happens to the cells formed by meristematic tissue? Name the the phenomenon.
The cells formed by meristematic tissue take up a specific role and lose their ability to divide. As a
result, they form a permanent tissue. This process of taking up a permanent shape, size and
function is called differentiation
6 Write the functions of the types of meristematic tissue?
a) They are responsible for root and stem elongation, resulting in an increase in the height of the
plant (primary growth).
(b): They cause an increase in the diameter and girth of stems or roots (secondary growth)
(c ) They also help in the elongation of internodes.
7 Give reason:-
Meristematic cells have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm but they lack vacuole.
Meristematic cells do not need to store these nutrients. They are specialized cells. Their main role
is to divide and grow. Hence, they are very active, and have dense cytoplasm, and prominent
nuclei, but they lack vacuoles
8 Describe different types of meristems.
a) Apical meristems – Occurs at the tips of roots and shoots and brings about an increase in
length of the plant
b) Lateral meristems – It occurs on the sides almost parallel to the long axis of the root, stem
and its branches. Brings about an increase in the width or girth of the organs.
c) Intercalary meristems – It occurs at the base of the internodes in monocots. It brings about
increase in the length of the internode
9 If the tip of a sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps on growing in length.
Why?
Removing the tip of the sugarcane does not remove the intercalary meristem of the plant. It is this
meristem which increases the length of the plant
10 What are meristematic tissues? Explain with the help of suitable diagram.
Meristematic tissues are the tissues in which the cells divide continuously and help in increasing
the length and girth of the plant.

1 Write three distinguishing features between cells of meristematic tissue.
(i) Cells possess dividing ability
(ii) Cells are living
(iii) Main function is to bring about growth.
2 Show the diagrammatic representation of the location of intercalary meristem and lateral
meristem in plant. Name the meristem which is responsible for: (i) the increase of girth of root.
(ii) increase of the length of roots?
3 What is the main characteristic feature of Meristem? Locate the different types of meristem in a
plant with the help of a diagram. State the function of any 2 types of meristematic tissue.
Meristem tissues always divide.
Apical meristem increases the length of the stem, Lateral meristem increases the girth
Case Based- 4 mark
1 The growth in plants is limited to certain regions, while this is not so in animals. Cell growth in
animals is more uniform. So, there is no such demarcation of dividing and nondividing regions in
animals.
a) Why plant growth is limited to certain regions?
b) On what basis the tissues in the plant are classified?
Ans. There are some tissues in plants that divide throughout their life. These tissues are localised
in certain regions.
b) Based on the dividing capacity of the tissues, various plant tissues can be classified as growing
or meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
2 A Gardener while cutting the extra plants cuts the tips of the plants needed. The Owner of the
garden was furious and did not pay him.
a) Why was the owner furious?
b) Write about the parts cut by the gardener?
Answer: a) the owner was furious since he cut the tips of the plants which will reduce the growth
of the plant.
b)The part is the apical meristem which consists of meristematic tissues leading to growth of stem
and roots
1 When we see a thin section of stem under microscope, what do we observe?
We observe all cell are not similar in structure and different layers of cells are present
2 What is the use of safranin and glycerine in observing cells under microscope?
Safranin stains the cell for clear observation and glycerine prevents dehydration of cells.
3 When we cut sections of roots or stems of a plant,we see many different types of cells.Why?
Multicellular organisms have different types of cells and show division of labour
1 Label the following and give one function of part (i) labelled:
Apical, intercalary and lateral

2
Why would the tips stop growing in jar 2 after we cut them?
Apical meristematic tissue is cut, so no growth takes place
Sub Topic: Plant Tissue (Permanent Tissue)
MCQ- 1 mark
1 Epidermis with thick waxy coating of cut in on its outer surface were found in
(a) Aquatic plants
(b) Desert plants
(c) Terrestrial plants
(d) Pine trees
b
2 Cork is compactly arranged without intercellular spaces with special type of substance
called...........
(a) Stroma
(b) Lignin
(c) Thick walls
(d) Suberin
d
3 The tissues are loosely held and stores food in plant
(a) Parenchyma tissue
(b) Meristematic tissue
(c) Permanent tissue
(d) Collenchyma tissue
a
4 Survival of Plants in Terrestrial Environment Has Been Made Possible by the presence Of
(a) Intercalary meristem
(b) Conducting tissue
(c) Apical meristem
(d) Parenchymatous tissue
b
5 Identify the tissue that is present in leaf stalks below the epidermis.
(a) Collenchyma
(b) Sclerenchyma
(c) Parenchyma
(d) Xylem
a
6 Tissues which form vascular system in the plant
(a) xylem
(b) phloem
(c) xylem and phloem
(d) collenchyma, parenchyma and sclerenchyma
c
7 Identify simple permanent tissues.
(a) Parenchyma, xylem and collenchyma
(b) Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
(c) Parenchyma, xylem and sclerenchyma
(d) Parenchyma, xylem and phloem
b
8 Select the tissue which has a storage function.
(a) Sclerenchyma
(b) Collenchyma
(c) Xylem
(d) Parenchyma
d
9 Which component of sclerenchyma tissues harden and thicken their secondary walls?
(a) Suberin
(b) Calcium
(c) Lignin
(d) Magnesium
c
10 Which of the following tissues have lignified cell wall
A) Collenchyma
B) Sclerenchyma
C) Epidermis
D) Parenchyma
b
DIRECTION: The following question consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
1 Assertion: Parenchyma cells help in storage of food.
Reason: Parenchyma cells are the main seats of photosynthesis.
b
2 Assertion: Vascular or conductive tissue is a distinctive feature of complex plants.
Reason: Vascular tissue has made survival of complex plants possible in terrestrial environment.
a
3 Assertion: Vessel and sieve tube both are meant for transport purposes.
Reason: Vessels and sieve tubes are lignified
c
4 Assertion(A): Parenchyma tissue is non-living.
Reason(R): Parenchyma cells have intercellular spaces.
d
5 Assertion: Husk of coconut is made of sclerenchymatous tissue.
Reason: Cells of sclerenchymatous tissue are dead with long and narrow walls thickened due to
lignin
b
6 Assertion: Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells.
Reason: Stomata are found in the epidermis of leaves
b
7 Assertion: Chlorenchyma conducts photosynthesis.
Reason: Aerenchyma contains large air cavities
b
8 Assertion: The flexibility in plants is due to the permanent tissue, collenchyma.
Reason: Collenchyma allows bending of various parts of a plant like tendrils and stems of climbers
without breaking
a
9 Assertion: A simple tissue is made of only one type of cells.
Reason: Various simple tissues in plants are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
b
10 Assertion: Permanent tissue is composed of mature cells.
Reason: Meristematic tissue is a group of actively dividing cells
b
1 Specify a part of the plant where collenchyma tissue is present. State how it is different from
parenchyma?
We can find this tissue in leaf stalks below the epidermis
The cells of this tissue are living, elongated and irregularly thickened at the corners. There is very
little intercellular space in comparison to parenchyma
2 Why is the epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants?
A thick waxy coating of cutin is present in desert plants to prevent excessive loss of water during
transpiration. Due to this, plants can survive in scarcity of water in deserts
3 In desert plant, how does the rate of loss of water gets reduced?
The presence of cuticles,hairs on stomata or sunken stomata on the surface of desert plants
reduces the rate of loss of water
4 Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocityand still donot break easily.Why ?
Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity due to the presence of a permanent
tissue called collenchyma. Collenchyma provides flexibility in plants. It allows the bending of
various parts of a plant
5 It is difficult to pull out the husk of a coconut tree. Why ?
The husk of a coconut tree contains sclerenchyma tissue. This tissue makes the plant hard and
stiff. That is why it is difficult to pull out the husk of a coconut tree
6 List the characteristics of cork.
Characteristics of cork:
a. Cells of cork are dead at maturity.
b. These cells are compactly arranged.
c. Cells do not possess intercellular spaces.
7 How are simple tissues different from complex tissues ?

The different types of tissues which are all made of one type of cells and look like each other are
called simple permanent tissue. Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells. All
these cells coordinate to perform a common function
8 What structure protects the plants from invasion parasites ?

Epidermis , The entire surface of a plant has an outer covering epidermis. It protects all the parts
of the plant. it has a protective role to play, cells of epidermal tissue form a continuous layer
without intercellular spaces
9 Why does water hyacinth floats on water ?
Aerechyma In aquatic plants, like water hyacinth large air cavities are present in parenchyma to
help them float. Such a parenchyma type is called aerenchyma
10 State the importance of Transpiration.
It helps in regulating temperature in plants ,transport of water(transpiration pull)
1 Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from one other?
Xylem and phloem are called as complex tissues as they are made up of more than one type of
cells. Following are the differences between xylem and phloem:
Xylem Phloem
1. Xylem mainly consists of dead cells (except xylem parenchyma).
2. It conducts water and minerals from roots to aerial parts of the plant
1. Phloem consists of living cells (except phloem fibre).
2. It translocates prepared food from leaves to storage organs and growing parts of the body
2 Draw and label all the different elements of phloem.
3 A nail is inserted in the trunk of a tree at a height of 1 metre from the ground level.
After 3 years, where will the nail be present?
The nail will remain at the same position even after 3 years. This is because a plant or tree grows
from its tip (stem or root) not from the point at which it joins the ground. So, the tree will grow
but the nail will remain at the same place on the tree trunk.
4 Give reasons:-
Intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchyma tissues.
We get a crunchy and granular feeling when we chew pear fruit.
Cells of sclerenchyma tissue have thick cell walls due to lignin. Due to the thick cell wall,
intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchyma tissue.
In pear fruit, sclerenchyma cells are called stone cells. They are small, thick, and hard. That is why
we get a crunchy and granular feeling when we chew pear fruit.
5 If a potted plant is covered with a glass jar, water drops appear on the walls of glass jar.Name the
phenomenon and explain in detail.
Transpiration, due to which water is released from the plant in the form of water vapour which
appears on the glass jar
6 Mention two functions carried out by Stomata.
They are necessary for exchanging gases with the atmosphere. Transpiration (loss of water in the
form of water vapour) also takes place through stomata
7
a) Identify the plant tissue and write its function.

(b) Write two characteristics of this tissue.
(c) Specify a part of the plant where this tissue is present.
(a) Collenchyma, Flexibility and Mechanical strength.
(b) Irregular thickening, Absence of intercellular space.
(c) Hypodermis of herbaceous dicot stems, leaf stalk and leaf mid rib.
8
The above figure shows outer layer of a young stem when it becomes a tree
List out two changes do occur in outer layer of a young stem when it becomes a tree.
Answer-
(1) Epidermis of the stem is replaced by a strip of the secondary meristem.
(2) Cells present on the outside are separated from this layer which forms the bark of the tree
(cork layer). The cork cells thus formed contain a chemical called suberin in their walls and are
dead
9 Identify the tissue present in following parts of plant and write its functions.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Answer-
(a) Grit stones or stone cells.
Function: It provides mechanical support and strength to the plants.
(b) Aerenchyma tissue.

Function: It helps to provide buoyancy to the plants and helps aquatic plants
in floating.
(c) The husk of coconut is made of sclerenchymatous tissue

Function: - It provides mechanical stiffness and strength.
10
(a) Sclerenchyma tissues exists in two different forms as shown in the figure.
Where can we find type B type of sclerenchyma?
(b)Apart from cellulose which other chemical is found in the cell wall of sclerenchyma and why?
Answer-
(a) fruits of pear and guava, shells of nuts.
(b) Lignin, provides mechanical support, makes cell wall more rigid.
1 What changes are seen as the plant grows older, explain in detail.
As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue undergoes certain changes. A strip of secondary
meristem located in the cortex forms layers of cells which constitute the cork. Cells of cork are
dead and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. The also have substance called suberin
in their walls that makes them impervious to gases and water.
2 Describe the structure and function of the tissue used for making ropes?
Sclerenchymatous tissue which consists of thick-walled dead cells due to deposition of lignin.
It provides strength and support to the plant parts. It is the tissue which makes the
plant hard and stiff. They are long and narrow as the walls are thickened due to lignin. Often
these walls are so thick that there is no internal space inside the cell.
This tissue is present in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves and in the hard
covering of seeds and nuts
3 Explain the components and functions of complex permanent tissues in vascular plants
Complex tissues are made of more than one type of cells. All these cells coordinate to perform a
common function. Xylem and phloem are examples of such complex tissues. They are both
conducting tissues and constitute a vascular bundle. Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem
parenchyma and xylem fibres. Tracheids and vessels have thick walls, and many are dead cells
when mature. Tracheids and vessels are tubular structures. This allows them to transport water
and minerals vertically. The parenchyma stores food. Xylem fibres are mainly supportive in
function. Phloem is made up of five types of cells: sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells,
phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma. Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls.
Phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. Except phloem fibres, other
phloem cells are living cells
Case Based- 4 mark
1 A group of students completed the project of finding the botanical names of all the trees
present in the school campus. They prepared metal plates with names carved on it, to fix
it on the plant trunks. Shreya was concerned that if the metal plate is fixed into tree many
cells of the tree may get damaged. But the group members explained her that the outer
layer of trunk does not have living cells and there won’t be any damage to the tree.
(a) What type of cells are present on the outer layer of the bark/tree trunk?
(b) How does the outer layer act as a protective tissue?
(c)State the difference between the outer layer of tree and the outer layer of young plant.
Answer: (a) On the outer layer of the tree trunk/bark all thick layer of dead cells is present which
acts as protective tissue.
(b) In cork, all cells are dead without intercellular spaces, the walls of the cells have deposition of
suberin.
(c) The outer layer of tree is cork which are dead cells while the outer layer of young plant is
epidermis which is made of up living cells.
2 Epidermis is the outermost covering of cells in plants. It protects all the parts of the plant. cells of
epidermal tissue form a continuous layer without intercellular spaces. Most epidermal cells are
relatively flat. As the plant grows older, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis of
stem and forms a thick cork.
Why do epidermal cells secrete waxy layer mainly?
Ans. The waxy cuticle is a thin layer atop the epidermis. Its function is to reduce the water lost
from the leaf.
A Venus fly trap has a very low sensitivity threshold, yet it can tell the difference between the
light touch of an insect and a drop of rainwater or wind. Make a claim proposing a mechanism for
how the Venus fly trap can differentiate between a random stimulus and an actual prey.
Ans. Hair-like appendages on the surface of the leaves respond to chemical stimulus from the
insect.
3 Ecologists study plants and animals in their natural environment. Some ecologists inserted probes
into the water-conducting tissue in trees, as shown in Figure below. The ecologists measured the
time taken for water to move up from probe 1 to probe 2.
(a) Name the water-conducting tissue and its components into which the two probes were
inserted.
Ans. Xylem.
Tracheids, vessels, xylem fibre, xylem parenchyma
(b) Describe how the structure of this water-conducting tissue is adapted to its function.
Ans. thick /lignified, cell walls; for support; lignin; cell walls are waterproof/no water leaks out;
long/hollow/no cytoplasm/no organelles/no end walls; pits; for lateral movement
(c) Explain the process of water absorption by roots.
Ans. Water enters the cells of the root hair by the process of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of
water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semi-
permeable membrane. Hence, they perform the function of absorption.
1 In a temporary mount of a leaf epidermis, we observe small pores.
(a) What are the pores present in leaf epidermis called?
(b) What kind of cells enclose it?
Stomata
Guard cells
2 Anu kept a plant into a beaker of red-colored water as shown in figure.
She left it in the garden for 3 days. The stem was cut and its cross section was observed as shown
in figure B. Which labelled part in figure B turned red and why?
Ans: The part labelled as “Y” is xylem. It turned red. Xylem conducts
water to the plant.
OR
Nisha labelled parenchyma tissue as shown below. Which of these
markings is wrong? Redraw the correct diagram with labelling.
Ans. The wrong marking part is thick cell wall.
One of its uses is for making stoppers for bottles. Which property of cork cells is responsible for
making the product?
Cork cells are impermeable to gases and water both and thus acts as an insulating layer.
1
Sieve plate, Seive Tube, Companion cells, Phloem parenchyma

2
Identify the the tissue and state its location and function.
Sclerenchyma, this tissue is present in stems, around vascular bundles, in the veins of leaves and
in the hard covering of seeds and nut.
It provides strength to the plant parts
3
Identify the tissue and write its characterististics features.

Collenchyma, The cells of this tissue are living, elongated and irregularly thickened at the corners.
Thereis very little intercellular space
4
The above figure shows the L.S of a plant tissue. Identify the tissue and write its two
characteristics features.
Parenchyma- Two Characteristics-Dense cytoplasm, prominent nucleus, intercellular spaces, etc
SAMPLE PAPERS
SAI International School
SAMPLE PAPER-1
CLASS-IX, SCIENCE (CODE 086)
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
The question paper comprises four sections A, B, C and D. There are 36 questions in the question
paper. All questions are compulsory.
Section–A - question no. 1 to 21 - all questions are of one mark each. These questions contain
multiple choice questions (MCQs), Paragraph based questions and assertion - reason type
questions. Answers to these should be given in one word or one sentence.
Section–B - question no. 22 to 28 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answers
to these questions should in the range of 30 to 50 words.
Section–C - question no. 29 to 34 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answers
to these questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words.
Section–D – question no. - 35 to 37 are long answer type questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer
to these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A
student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
Wherever necessary, neat and properly labelled diagrams should be drawn.
SECTION A
Sl/No. QUESTIONS Marks
1. The graph shows the motion of a motorbike. 1
What is the distance travelled by the motorbike while it is moving at a constant speed?
(a) 150m
(b) 50m
(c) 300m
(d) 750m
Ans: (a) 150m
Or
During a Go karting race, a car does 8 laps of a 300m course. It takes 4.0 minutes to complete the
race.
What was the average speed of the Go kart?
(a) 75m/s
(b) 10ms
(c) 1.25m/s
(d) 600m/s Ans: (b)
10m/s
2. In addition to speed, what else should be known to predict the position of a moving body from a 1
given starting point?
Ans: Direction of motion of the body.
3. Draw distance time graph for a body moving with constant acceleration. Ans: 1
4. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.2m/s2, for 5 minutes. Calculate 1
the speed acquired.
Ans: V=u+at=0+0.2*300=60m/s
5. 1
Substance A Substance B Substance C

(a) Oxygen Oil wax
(b) wax Oxygen oil
(c) oil Wax oxygen
(d) wax Oil oxygen
Ans: d) wax, oil , oxygen
6. 1
Which of the following combinations are correct?

(a) A= Salt solution, B=Starch solution, C= Muddy water
(b) A= Muddy water, B=Starch solution, C= Salt solution
(c) A= Muddy water, B= Salt solution, C= Starch solution
(d) A= Salt solution, B= Muddy water, C= Starch solution Ans:
(a) A= Salt solution, B=Starch solution, C= Muddy water
7.
What happens to the solubility of a solute in a particular solvent on increasing the

temperature?
(a) It increases.
(b) It decreases.
(c) Sometimes increases sometimes decreases
(d) All of the above.
(b) It increases.
8. When heat is given to an ice cube, its temperature 1
(a) Firstly, increases and then remain constant
(b) Firstly, decreases then becomes constant
(c) Firstly, remain constant then increases
(d) Firstly, remains constant then decreases Ans:
(c) Firstly, remain constant then increases OR
Which of the following is required when converting the state of matter from solid to liquid?
(a) Specific heat capacity
(b) Latent heat of fusion
(c) Latent heat of vaporisation
(d) Molar specific heat
Ans: (b) Latent heat of fusion
9. Where are ribosomes located in the cell? What is their function? 1

Ans : Ribosomes are spherical organelles present in the cell which are either freely
distributed in the cytoplasm or may be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. It has
ribosomal RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and proteins. It helps in protein synthesis.
10. (a) Why does the growth of plants occur only in certain specific regions? 1
(b) Name the tissues which are present in the plants at the nodes. Ans:
(a) Growth of plants occurs only in certain specific region because the meristematic tissue is
located only at these points.
(b) Intercalary tissues.
Or
How is ligament different from tendons? Ans :
Ligaments are elastic connective tissue which attach bone to bone to keep them in their
place. Tendons are less elastic connective tissues which attach muscles to a bone.
11. State two conditions required for osmosis. Ans : 1

(a) The difference in the concentration of water, one should have higher concentration than
the other.
(b) Semi-permeable membrane is also required through which water will flow.
12. Which cell organelle is known as the ‘suicidal bags’ of a cell? Why? 1
Ans :
Lysosomes are known as suicidal bag of cell. During the disturbance in cellular metabolism,
lysosome may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. Hence, lysosome are called ‘suicide
bags’ of a cell.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
13. Assertion: An object may acquire acceleration even if it is moving at a constant speed. 1
Reason: With change in the direction of motion, an object can acquire acceleration.
Ans: (a)
14. Assertion: A rocket works on the principle of conservation of linear momentum. Reason: For 1
two bodies system when there is a change in momentum of one body, the same change occurs
in the momentum of the second body but in the opposite direction.
Ans: (a)
15. Assertion: Colloidal solutions are stable and the colloidal particles do not settle down. 1
Reason: Colloids are heterogeneous but appear to be homogeneous.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
16. Assertion: If the dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is liquid, the colloid 1
formed is known as emulsion.
Reason: Whipped cream is an example of sol.
Ans: (c) A is true, but R is false.
17. Assertion : The inner lining of intestine has tall epithelial cells. 1
Reason : Columnar epithelium facilitates absorption and secretion.
Answer: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
Where absorption and secretion occur, such as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall
epithelial cells or columnar epithelium is present. This epithelium facilitates movement or
diffusion across the epithelial barrier.
Answer Q. No 17 - 20 contain five sub-parts each. You are expected to answer any four subparts in these
questions.
18. A truck of mass 2500kg moving at 15m/s collides with a car of mass 1000kg moving at 1x4
5m/s in the opposite direction.
18.(i) With what velocity would the two move together?
(a) 9.3m/s
(b) 3.9m/s
(c) 6.3m/s
(d) 7.8m/s
Ans: (a) 9.3m/s
18.(ii) If the car were moving in the direction of truck, their common velocity after collision will be
(a) 12.1m/s
(b) 6.5m/s
(c) 9.3m/s
(d) 3.9m/s
Ans: (a) 12.1m/s
18.(iii) Which principle is applicable here?

(a) Conservation of energy
(b) Conservation of Kinetic energy
(c) Conservation of linear momentum
(d) Conservation of charge
Ans: (c) Conservation of linear momentum
18.(iv) The principle mentioned above holds good provided that
(a) There should be external balanced force acting on particles
(b) There should not be any external unbalanced force acting on particles
(c) No internal force acting on the particles
(d) There should be external unbalanced force acting on particles
Ans: (b) There should not be any external unbalanced force acting on particles
18.(v) The total momentum of the two objects when collision occurs is:
(a) Changed
(b) Remains conserved
(c) Becomes zero
(d) Increases
Ans: (b) Remains conserved
19. Matter is divided into two broad categories, pure and impure form of matter. The pure form of 1x4
matter is called pure substance. The impure form of matter is called mixture or impure substance.
A pure substance may be defined as a homogeneous material which contains particles of only one
kind, has a definite set of properties and if composed of two or more single substances, it contains
them in a fixed proportion by weight. Based upon the nature of constituent particles, a pure
substance is of two types i.e ., elements and compounds. A compound is also a pure
substance like element. But it is a
combination of two or more different elements which are combined chemically. Thus, a
compound may be defined as a pure substance made up of two or more different elements
chemically combined together in a fixed proportion by mass. A chemical compound cannot
be formed simply by mixing constituent elements, it is formed only when a chemical
reaction takes place between them. The resulting compound has an
entirely new set of properties.
19.(i) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) All the constituent particles of a pure substance have fixed proportion by weight.
(b) A pure substance consists of single type of particles.
(c) Most of the matter around us exist as mixtures of two or more pure components.
(d) All of the above Ans:
(d) All of the above
19.(ii) Which of the following pair does not both elements?
(a) Carbon, silicon
(b) Helium, nitrogen
(c) Bronze, Zinc
(d) Copper, silver Ans:
(c) Bronze, zinc
19.(iii) On grinding iron filings and sulphur powder together we get a
(a) Homogeneous mixture
(b) Heterogeneous mixture
(c) Compound
(d) An element
Ans: (b) Heterogeneous mixture
19.(iv) If the components of a substance can be separated by a chemical change only then it is a/an
(a) Element
(b) Compound
(c) Homogeneous mixture
(d) Heterogeneous mixture
Ans: (b) compound
19.(v) Two substances A and B when brought together form a substance C with the evolution of
heat. The properties of C are entirely different from those of A and B. The substance C is
(a) A compound
(b) An element
(c) A mixture
(d) None of these Ans: (a) a
compound
20. Bone is a solid, hard porous tissue. It forms the natural skeleton and gives the body its basic 1x4
structure and also supports the body. Its matrix is impregnated with phosphates and carbonates
of calcium and magnesium which provides hardness to it. The matrix also contains ossein
protein. The matrix is arranged in concentric rings which are called
lamellae. Bone cells lie between the lamellae in fluid-filled spaces called lacunae.
20.(i) Bone cells are also called :
(a) Lacunae
(b) Osteocytes
(c) Neutrophils
(d) Erythrocytes Ans. (b)
Osteocytes
20.(ii) The matrix inside the bone is arranged in concentric rings called ………
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Osteocyte
(c) Lacunae
(d) Lamellae
Ans. (d) Lamellae
20.(iii) The matrix of bone is impregnated with…………
(a) Carbon dioxide and oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide and water
(c) Sulphates of sodium
(d) Phosphates and carbonates of calcium and magnesium Ans. (d)
Phosphates and carbonates of calcium and magnesium
20.(iv) Osteocytes are stationary cells that sit in depressions in the lamellae. These
depressions are called .
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Central canal
(c) Lacunae
(d) Lamellae
Ans. (b) Central canal
20.(v) Osteocytes are stationary cells, they have to receive their nutrients via the
(a) Canaliculi
(b) Central canal

(c) Lacunae
(d) Lamellae
Ans. (a) Canaliculi
21. Cell division is the process cells go through to divide. There are several types of cell division, 1x4
depending upon what type of organism is dividing. Organisms have evolved over time to have
different and more complex forms of cell division. Most prokaryotes, or bacteria, use binary
fission to divide the cell. Eukaryotes of all sizes use mitosis to divide. Sexually-reproducing
eukaryotes use a special form of cell division called meiosis to reduce the genetic content in the
cell. This is necessary in sexual reproduction because each parent must give only half of the
required genetic material, otherwise the
offspring would have too much DNA, which can be a problem.
21.(i) is a form of cell division which results in the creation of gametes or sex cells.
(a) Mitosis
(b) Meiosis
(c) Miosis
(d) None of the above Ans. (b)
Meiosis
21.(ii) Number of mitotic divisions needed to produce 64 cells from a single cell are
(a) 32.
(b) 4.
(c) 6.
(d) 16.
Ans. (c) 6
21.(iii) Which of the following processes is not due to mitosis?
(a) Growth in multicellular cells.
(b) Cell repair.
(c) Division of secondary growth of plant
(d) Formation of pollen grains. Ans. (d)
Formation of pollen grains.
21.(iv) Mitosis results in:
(a) Reduction in chromosome number
(b) Doubling of chromosome number
(c) Constant chromosome number
(d) Increase in cell volume
Ans: (c) Constant chromosome number
21.(v) If at the end of meiosis, the 4 daughter cells have 4 chromosomes, how many
chromosomes were in the mother cell:
(a) 8
(b) 16
(c) 2
(d) 4
Correct Answer: (a) 8
SECTION B
22. A car travels the first half of the distance between two places at a speed of 40km/hr and the 2
second half at a speed of 60km/hr. Calculate the average speed of the car.
Ans: Let the distance be x t1=x/80
t2=x/120
Average speed= total distance/ total time= x/(x/80+x/120)= 48km/hr
OR
A train 100m long moving on a straight level track passes a pole in 5 seconds. Find a) the speed
of the train and b) the time it will take to cross a bridge 500m long.
Ans: V=s/t=100/5=20m/s
T=s/v=100+500/20=30 seconds
23. Why is uniform circular motion called accelerated? An athlete completes two rounds of a 2
circular track 100m long in 20 seconds. Calculate the diameter of the track and speed of the
athlete, supposed to be uniform.
Ans: Because the speed remains constant, direction keeps on changing and hence the velocity
changes.
2πr=100, 2r=31.8m
V=s/t=200/20=10m/s
24. In your everyday life, you come across a range of motions in which 2
(a) Acceleration is in the direction of motion.
(b) Acceleration is against the direction of motion.
(c) Acceleration is uniform.
(d) Acceleration is non-uniform.
Can you identify one example each of the above type of motion?
Ans:
(a) Accelerating a car
(b) Brakes applied to a car, Body thrown upwards
(c) Freely falling body
(d) Walking, cycling
25. An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category would you classify this 2
element? What other characteristics do you expect the element to possess?
OR
(a) Identify solute and solvent in the following solution:
(i) Aerated drinks (ii) vinegar
(b) State what type of colloid are the following
(i) Mist (ii) Gem stones
Ans: Metals. They are lustrous, malleable, high density OR
Ans:
(a) (i) Solute=Carbon dioxide , Solvent= water
(ii) Solute= Acetic acid, Solvent= water
(b) (i) Mist= Aerosol
(ii) Gemstones=Solid sol
26. After winters people pack off their woollen clothes by keeping naphthalene balls in them. With 2
passage of time these balls become smaller in size. Why does this happen? What type of change is
observed during this process? Give two examples of such solids which show similar behaviour.
Ans: Naphthalene is a sublimable / volatile solid it undergoes sublimation. Solid
changes into gas directly. Camphor, iodine, dry ice
27. Explain how the bark of a tree is formed. How does it act as a protective tissue? Ans : 2
As trees grow old, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis of the stem. Cell on the
outside are cut off this layer. This forms the several layer thick cork or the bark of the tree.
Bark is a mass of dead tissue lying in the peripheral region of the plant body as a hard dry
covering. Its function is protection. It protects the inner tissues against the attack of
fungi and insects, against loss of water by evaporation, etc.
28. (a) What is the function of cell wall and plasma membrane? 2
(b) Why are plasma membrane called selectively permeable membrane?
Ans :
(a) Cell Wall : Gives rigidity, shape and protection to plant cell.
Cell Membrane : Allows only selected materials to move in and out of the cell.
(b) Plasma membrane allows to go in and out some materials to and from the cell. It also
prevents movement of some other materials. So, it is called selectively permeable membrane.
OR
(a) Why does mitochondria have largely folded inner membrane?
(b) What are cisterns? Ans :
(a) Mitochondria have largely folded inner membrane which provides the increased surface
area for ATP- generating chemical reactions. Mitochondria is the site for cellular respiration and
provides energy to the cell.
(b) The Golgi bodies consist of a system of membrane- bound vesicles arranged in stacks
called cisterns.
SECTION C
29. The graph given below is the velocity-time graph for a moving body. Find (i) velocity of the body 3
at point C (ii) acceleration acting on the body between A and B (iii) acceleration acting on the
body between B and C.
Ans: i) 49km/hr ii) 20/3 km/hr2 iii) 0

OR
A car is moving on a straight road with uniform acceleration. The following table gives the speed
of the car at various instants of time:
Draw the speed time graph choosing a convenient scale. Determine from it (i) the acceleration of
the car (ii) the distance travelled by the car in 50 sec.
Ans: i) Graph to be done in the graph copy
ii) Area under V-T graph gives distance.
30. Two balls A and B of masses m and 2m are in motion with velocities 2v and v respectively. 3
Compare
(a) Their inertia
(b) Their momenta
(c) Compare the force needed to stop them in the same time. Ans:
(a) mA/mB=m/2m=1/2=1:2
(b) mAvA/mBVB=m*2V/2m*v=1/1=1:1
(c) F=m(V-U)/t FA=m(0-2v)/t=-
2mV/t FB=m2m(0-v)/t=-2mv/t
FA/FB=1/1=1:1
31. Give reasons for the following: 3

(a) We feel colder under the shade of a tree.
(b) Sea water boils at a temperature above 100oC. Ans:
(a) We feel cold under the shade of a tree as plants lose water by transpiration which absorb
heat from the surroundings for evaporation as a result surrounding temperature
decreases.
(b) Sea water boils at a temperature above 100oC as it contains dissolved salts which
act as impurity and increases the boiling point.
32. How much water must be added to 550ml of 20% sugar solution to convert it into 5% sugar 3
solution?
Ans:
Volume of solution= 550 mL Concentration= 20%
Volume of solute= 20X550/100 =110 mL After
dilution concentration= 5% Volume of solute=
110 mL
Volume of solution= 110X100/5=2200 mL
Extra water added= 2200-550= 1650mL
33. Draw a neat labelled diagram of neuron and explain its structure and function. Ans : 3
A neuron has a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm. A long and thin hair-like structure arises
from the body. Every neuron has one long part known as the axon, and many short and small
branched structures known as dendrite. A single nerve cell is known as neuron and length of some
neuron may be even a metre.
Its main function is to control and coordinate the messages.
34. Who gave the cell theory? What does it state? Which organism is an exception of cell theory and 3
why?
Ans :
Two biologists; “Schleiden and Schwann” gave the “Cell theory” which expanded by “Rudolf
Virchow”. Cell theory states that :
(i) All plants and animals are composed of cells.
(ii) Cell is the basic unit of life.
(iii) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Virus is an exception to cell theory as it lacks cell and protoplasm, the living substance in which all
life processes take place. But it can reproduce in a living host cell, by using raw materials
(nucleotides) and biosynthetic machinery (ribosomes, /RNA, enzymes) of the
host cell.
SECTION D
35. a) State Newton’s second law of motion. Derive an expression for it. 5
b) How can a karate player break a pile of tiles with single blow of his hand?
c) A car having mass of 1500kg achieve the velocity of 5m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate the force
required to attain the speed?
Ans: a) It states that the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force
applied and takes place in the direction of force applied.
b) The time taken for the momentum to be zero is less and hence the rate of change of
momentum is more and hence the force applied is more.
c) u=0, v=5m/s, t=10 sec a=v-
u/t=5-0/10=0.5m/s2
F=ma=1500*0.5=750N
36. a) What is the melting point of ice made from distil water in Kelvin scale? Will the 5
melting point increase or decrease if the ice is made from sea water? Give reason.
b) Pressure and temperature determine the state of matter. Justify OR
a) Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
(i) Maximum movement of particles.
(ii) maximum inter particular force of attraction.
(iii) minimum space between constituent particles.
b) When a bottle of perfume is opened in one corner of a room, its fragrance or smell spreads
over the entire room. How does this happen? What will happen if the room temperature
increases? Give a suitable reason.
Ans: a) 273 K, no it will decrease. The melting point of a solid decreases with the presence of
impurities, in sea water dissolved salts act as impurities.
b) If at a given temperature and pressure, a particular substance is a solid, then on heating, it
can be converted first into a liquid and then into vapours. Conversely, vapours on cooling first
give liquids and then solids. If, however, at a particular temperature and pressure, a
substance is a gas, then on cooling or by compressing or
usually by both cooling and compressing, the interparticle distances can be decreased
and interparticle forces of attraction can be increased. As a result, the gas gets converted first
to a liquid and finally to a solid. Thus, pressure and temperature determine the state of
matter.
OR
a) (i) Gas
(ii) Gas
(iii) Solid
b) It will spread due to diffusion of perfume particles in air. If the room temperature
increases the spreading will be faster as the rate of diffusion increases with the increase in
temperature.
37. (a) What are characteristic structural features of meristematic cells? (any three) 5
(b) Name and mention the function of each xylem cellwith diagram. Ans :
(a)
Meristematic cells have :
1. Thin cell walls.
2. Abundant or dense cytoplasm and single large nucleus.
3.Spherical, oval, polygonal or rectangular shape.

4. No intercellular spaces between them.
5. Either no vacuoles at all or few vacuoles. (b)
Name and function of xylem cells are :

Xylem parenchyma — It stores food. It also helpsin sideways flow of water. Xylem fibres
— They are supportive.
Tracheids and vessels — They help intransportation of minerals and water.
OR
(a) What are three main categories of connective tissue?
(b) What are the two main components of blood? Why is blood considered a type
of connective tissue?
Ans :
Categories of connective tissue are :
Connective tissue proper Skeletal
Fluid tissue
(b)
(i) Blood has two main components :
(a) Fluid (liquid) matrix called plasma.
(b) Suspended red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.
(ii)Blood is considered as connective tissue because :

(a) It has the same origin as the other connective tissues.
(b) It flows to different parts of the body and thus connects different parts of the body
with one another to exchange materials and gases.

SAMPLE PAPER-2
CLASS-IX, SCIENCE (CODE 086)
The question paper comprises four sections A, B, C and D. There are 36 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
Section–A - question no. 1 to 21 - all questions are of one mark each. These questions contain multiple
choice questions (MCQs), Paragraph based questions and assertion - reason type questions.
Answers to these should be given in one word or one sentence.
Section–B - question no. 22 to 28 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answers to
these questions should in the range of 30 to 50 words.
Section–C - question no. 29 to 34 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answers to
these questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words.
Section–D – question no. - 35 to 37 are long answer type questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to
these questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions. A student
has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.
Wherever necessary, neat and properly labelled diagrams should be drawn.
SECTION A
No. QUESTIONS Marks
1. The graph shows the motion of a motorbike in km/h. 1
SAI International School Page- 70

What is the distance travelled by the motorbike in 4 hrs?
a) 160km
b) 120km
c) 40km
d) 80km
Ans: a) 160km
Or
Study the speed time graph of a body shown in Figure. and answer the following
questions: Find out the acceleration and retardation of the body.
a) 1m/s2 & 1.5 m/s2

b) 1.5m/s2 & 1 m/s2
c) 1.5m/s2 & 0.5 m/s2
d) 6m/s2 & 0.5 m/s2
Ans: b) 1.5m/s2 & 1 m/s2
2. Mention any example where average speed is not equal to zero but average velocity of 1
the body is zero. In which condition average velocity is equal to average speed?
Ans: When a body is travelling in a circular car race track wherein the initial and the
final path are the same, the average speed is not zero but the average velocity is
zero.
The average speed and average velocity are equal if the total displacement is equal to the
total distance that is if the body travels along a straight line without changing the direction.
3. Draw distance time graph for a body moving with uniform speed and write the nature 1
of graph.
Ans:

4. A train accelerates from 36 km/h to 54 km/h in 10 sec. Calculate its acceleration. 1
Ans: Acceleration is given by
a=v-u/t=15-10/10=0.5m/s2
5. 1
Which of the following about A, B, C and D is correct?

a) A= Vaporisation, B= Deposition, C= Condensation, D= Melting
b) A= Vaporisation, B= Sublimation, C= Condensation, D= Melting
c) A= Vaporisation, B= Sublimation, C= Condensation, D= Freezing
d) A= Evaporation, B= Deposition, C= Condensation, D= Melting
Ans: b) A= Vaporisation, B= Sublimation, C= Condensation, D= Melting
6. The table below lists the properties of three substances 1
Substance Stability Filterabillity Homogeneous/
heterogeneous
Substance A Stable Can not be homogeneous
filtered
Substance B Stable Cannot be Heterogeneous
filtered but appears to be
homogeneous
Substance C Unstable Can be filtered heterogeneous
Which of the following combinations are correct?

a) A= Salt solution, B=Soap solution, C= Muddy water
b) A= Muddy water, B= Soap solution, C= Salt solution
c) A= Muddy water, B= Salt solution, C= Soap solution,
d) A= Salt solution, B= Muddy water, C= soap solution
Ans: a) A= Salt solution, B=Soap solution, C= Muddy water
7.
Which of the above will scatter a beam of light?

a) II and III
b) I and II
c) I and IV
d) II and IV
Ans: b) I and II

8. Which condition out of the following will increase the evaporation of water? 1
a) Increase in temperature.
b) Addition of common salt
c) Decrease in surface area
d) Decrease in temperature
Ans: a) Increase in temperature.
OR
The boiling points of four liquids P, Q, R and S are: 308 K, 285.5K, 351 K and 373 K.
These are separately sprayed on your palm. Which of them will produce maximum
cooling?
a) P
b) Q
c) R
d) S
Ans: b) Q
9. Which of the following is not related to endoplasmic reticulum? 1
(a) It behaves as transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.
(b) It transports material between various regions in cytoplasm.
(c) It can be site of energy generation.
(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell.
Ans-(c) It can be site of energy generation.
10. The diagram shows the structure of a specialised plant cell. 1
What is a function of this plant cell?

(a) It absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.
(b) It absorbs ions and water from the soil.
(c) It transports sucrose from leaves.
(d) It transports water in stems.
OR
Name the tissue associated with Haversian Canal
(a) Skeletal connective tissue-cartilage
(b) Fluid connective tissue-Blood
(c) Skeletal connective tissue-Bones
(d) Dense connective tissue - Ligaments
Ans- (b)- It absorbs ions and water from the soil.
OR
(c) Skeletal connective tissue-Bones
11. 1

a
b
Sclerenchymatous tissue exists in two different forms as shown in the figure.

Type b will be found in which of the following?
(a) Leaf stalk
(b) Coconut husk
(c) Young green stem
(d) Pear fruits
Ans-(d) Pear fruits
12. 1
Select the correct option depicting the right sequence of plant tissues I, II and III
(a) Tissue - Collenchyma, Parenchyma, Sclerenchyma
(b) Tissue - Sclerenchyma, Collenchyma, Parenchyma
(c) Tissue - Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
(d) Tissue - Parenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Collenchyma
Ans- (c)Tissue - Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
For question numbers 14, 15 and 16, two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
13. Assertion: An object may acquire acceleration even if it is moving at a constant speed. 1
Reason: With change in the direction of motion, an object can acquire acceleration.
Ans: a- Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
14. Assertion : The acceleration produced by a force in the motion of a body depends only 1
upon its mass.
Reason : For the constant force, larger is the mass of the body, lesser will be the
acceleration produced.
Ans: a- Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
15. Assertion: Elements and compounds are pure substances. 1
Reason: Properties of compounds are different from those of its constituent elements.
Ans: b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
16. Assertion: A solution can scatter a beam of light passing through it. 1
Reason: The particles of a solution are smaller than 1 nm
Ans: d) A is false, but R is true.
17. Assertion: Cells placed in isotonic solution neither shrink nor swell. 1
Reason: Water moves neither in nor out of the cell.
Ans(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Answer Q. No 18 - 21 contain five sub-parts each. You are expected to answer any four subparts in these
questions.
18. A boy of 50 kg mass is running with a velocity of 2 m/s. He jumps over a stationary cart 1 x 4
of 2 kg while running. Find the velocity of cart after jumping of boy.
18.(i) What is the initial velocity of the cart?
a) 0 m/s
b) 2 m/s
c) 25 m/s
d) 100 m/s
Ans: a) 0m/s
18.(ii) What is the final velocity of the cart?
a) 1.29 m/s
b) 2 m/s
c) 1.92 m/s
d) 0 m/s
Ans: c) 1.92 m/s
18.(iii) What is the final velocity of the boy?
a) 1.92 m/s
b) 2 m/s
c) 1.29 m/s
d) 0 m/s
Ans: a) 1.92 m/s
18.(iv) The final velocity of the boy is
a) Less than the final velocity of the cart
b) Equal to the final velocity of the cart
c) Greater than the final velocity of the cart
d) Can’t be predicted
Ans: b) Equal to the final velocity of the cart
18.(v) The final momentum of the two objects after collision is:
a) Less than the initial momentum
b) Equal to the initial momentum
c) Becomes zero
d) Increases
Ans: b) Equal to the initial momentum
19. Depending upon the nature of the solute and the solvent there are nine type of 1x4
solutions. A solution in which water acts as the solvent is called an aqueous solution
while the one in which any other liquid acts as the solvent is called a non-aqueous
solution. Depending upon the amount of solute present in a solution, it can be called a
dilute, concentrated or saturated solution. The concentration of a solid in liquid
solutions may be expressed either as mass by mass percentage or mass by volume
percentage. However, concentration of very dilute solution is expressed in mass per
million simply as ppm. On the other hand, concentration of liquid in liquid solution is
expressed in volume by volume percentage. The maximum amount of solute in grams
which can be dissolved in 100 grams of the solvent at a given temperature to form a
saturated solution is called the solubility of the solute in that solvent at that particular
temperature.
19.(i) Which of the following is a non-aqueous solution?
a) Tincture of iodine
b) Sugar solution
c) Carbonated water
d) Vinegar
Ans: a) Tincture of iodine
19.(ii) The mass of glucose and mass of water required to make 250g of 25% solution is:
a) 125 g of glucose and 250 g of water
b) 62.5 g of glucose and 187.5 g of water
c) 105 g of glucose and 150 g of water
d) 65.5 g of glucose and 157 g of water
Ans: b) 62.5 g of glucose and 187.5 g of water
19.(iii) Alloys are considered as solid solutions
a) They are homogeneous
b) They are transparent
c) They are heterogeneous
d) They are solids
Ans: a) They are homogeneous
19.(iv) What is meant by 12% (v/v) alcohol solution?
a) A solution of alcohol which contains 12 mL of water dissolved in 100 mL of
solution.
b) A solution of alcohol which contains 12 mL of alcohol dissolved in 100 mL of
solution.
c) A solution of alcohol which contains 12 mL of alcohol dissolved in 100 mL of water.
d) A solution of alcohol which contains 88 mL of alcohol dissolved in 100 mL of
solution.
Ans: b) A solution of alcohol which contains 12 mL of alcohol dissolved in 100 mL of
solution.
19.(v) What happens to the solubility of a solute in a given solution when the temperature is
increased?
a) It increases
b) It decreases
c) Sometimes it increases and sometimes it decreases
d) None of these
Ans: a) it increases
20. The epithelium is a type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and 1x4
external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs and is the major
tissue in glands. Certain epithelial tissues are modified to carry out specific functions.
Glandular epithelium - is specialized for the production and secretion of various
macromolecules.
Ciliated columnar epithelium- Have cilia to facilitate movement of substances

Ciliated epithelium Glandular epithelium
20.(i) Select the correct option which best explains the process of glands formation.
(a) Portion of epithelial tissue get filled with secretions and behave like glands.
(b) Epithelial cells rupture and start secreting substances.
(c) Epithelial cells get differentiated and become secretory by nature.
(d) Portion of epithelial tissue folds inward and a multicellular gland is formed.
Ans- (d)Portion of epithelial tissue folds inward and a multicellular gland is formed.
20.(ii) Inner surface of fallopian tubes, bronchi and sperm duct are lined by epithelial cells.
Find the type of epithelia which lines them.
(a) Squamous epithelium
(b) Ciliated epithelium
(c) Columnar epithelium
(d) Cubical epithelium
Ans-(b) Ciliated epithelium
20.(iii) Which types of cells line blood vessels?
(a) columnar epithelium
(b) smooth muscle tissue
(c) connective tissue
(d) squamous epithelium
Ans-(d) squamous epithelium
20.(iv) If you observe many layers of squamous cells, they would be called __________
squamous cells.
(a) Simple
(b) Stratified
(c) Pseudostratified
(d) Transition
Ans- (b)stratified
20.(v) Cuboidal tissue takes part in
(a) absorption
(b) excretion
(c) secretion
(d) both (a) and (c)
Ans- (d) both (a) and (c)
21. Literally speaking, cell division is the process by which new cells are formed. It is of 1x4
two main types: mitosis and meiosis.
Unlike mitosis, Meiosis is only confined to specific cells called meiocytes of
reproductive organs or tissues in animals, plants ,various protists and fungi. It takes
place at a particular time whereas mitosis occurs in all kinds of cells and may continue
throughout life.
21.(i) How many daughter cells are formed in meiosis I?
(e) 2
(f) 4
(g) 1
(h) 3
Ans-(a) 2
21.(ii) What is the nuclear DNA content of each daughter cell after mitosis?
(a) Half as that of mother cell
(b) Same as that of mother cell
(c) One fourth as that of mother cell
(d) Double as that of mother cell
Ans-(b) Same as that of mother cell
21.(iii) In multicellular organisms, cell division occurs
(i) To bring about embryonic development and growth
(ii) To replace old, worn out dead and injured cells
(iii) To form gametes for reproduction
(iv) To form macronutrients and micronutrients
(a) (ii) and (iii) are true
(b) (i),(ii) and (iii) are true
(c) (i),(ii) , (iii) and (iv) are true
(d) (iii) only is true
Ans-(b)-(i),(ii) and (iii) are true
21.(iv) If a cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes first mitosis and then meiosis, What will be
the chromosome number in the daughter cells after both the cell divisions?
(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 48
(d) 6
Ans-(a) 12
21.(v) Mitosis helps in the _____________
(a) Gametes formation
(b) Growth
(c) Formation of haploid cell
(d) Half the chromosome number
Ans- (b) Growth
SECTION B
22. A truck goes from Haryana to Bangalore with an average speed of 60 km/hr. The journey 2
takes 30 hours. It returns from Bangalore to Haryana on the same road with an average
speed of 40 km/hr. What was the average speed of the truck during the roundtrip?
Ans: Distance = (Speed)×(Time). Thus we can say that Distance = 60×30 = 1800
kilometres. Now we have to find the time taken to travel from Bangalore to Haryana. We
can write:
Time = Distance / speed = 1800/40 = 45 hours. Thus we can find the average speed as:
Average Speed = (Total distance)/(Total Time) = (1800 + 1800)/(30 + 45) = 3600/75 = 48
km/hr.
OR
An object moves through 10m in 2minutes and the next 20km at a speed of 60km/h .
Calculate its average speed ?
Ans: Time taken to travel 20 km with speed 60 km/hr = 20/60 = 1/3 hr = 20 min
Time taken to travel total distance = 2 + 20 = 22 min
Total distance = 20000+10 = 20010 m
average speed = Total distance / Total time = 20010 / (22×60) = 15.16 m/s
23. An object completes one round of circle of radius 7m in 20s. What is the distance 2
travelled after 10s is?
Ans: total distance = circumference =2πr =2x3.14x7=43.96m
speed=43.69/20=2.1845 m/s
distance travelled =speed x time=2.1845x10=21.845m
24. Four Cyclist A,B,C ,D starts at the same point and at the same time and move in a 2
straight line to reach destination .They all move with uniform velocities. They reach
the destination in the following order
C→A→B→D
Answer the following questions
a. If the displacement-time graph is plotted for each cyclist, which will be having
highest slope
b. Arrange the cyclist in decreasing order of velocity
Ans: Since C is fastest cyclist, its velocity is highest and slope of displacement time
graph will be highest for him.
Velocity of cyclist in decreasing order is
C˃A˃B˃D
25. Coloured glass and starch solution are sols. In what way they are different? Give one 2
more example of the above types of colloid.
OR
State two ways by which you can change a saturated solution into an unsaturated
solution.
Ans: The dispersed phase in both Coloured glass and starch solution is solid hence
they are called sols. They however differ from each other in the dispersed medium. In
case of coloured glass, the dispersion medium is solid where as in starch solution it is
liquid. Coloured glass-gem stones, Starch solution-milk of magnesia, egg albumin,
blood.
OR
Ans: By increasing the temperature and adding more solvent to it.
26. Anjali was making tea in a kettle. Suddenly she felt intense heat from the puff of steam 2
gushing out of the spout of the kettle. She wondered whether the temperature of the
steam was higher than that of the water boiling in the kettle. Comment
Ans: When water at 100oC is converted into steam it absorbs energy equal to latent
heat of vaporisation. Thus, steam at 100oC has more heat energy than boiling water at
100oC and hence steam produces severe burns than boiling water.
27. (a) What is the functional difference between a plasma membrane and cell wall? 2
(b) How does the cytoplasm of prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?
Plasma membrane Cell wall Ans-
1. It provides support and gives shape 1.It gives strength and rigidity to (a)
to the cell. the cell Any
2. It is semipermeable in nature and 2. It is completely permeable in one
allows entry of selected molecules into nature.
the cell.
point- (1)
(b) Prokaryotes do not have a definite nucleus . The chromatin bodies remain
scattered inside the cytoplasm.
They also lack membrane bound cell organelles./ In eukaryotes well defined nucleus
with nuclear membrane is found which separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
and in cytoplasm membrane bound cell organelles are found. (1)
28. (a) If the tip of the sugarcane plant is removed from the plant, even then it keeps on 2
growing in length but if root tips are removed then plants ultimately die. Explain.
(b) The structures shown in the figures are plant tissue. Which type of plant tissue it
is?
OR
Write the names of connective tissues—a, b, c and d.
Ans- (a) If the tip of the sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps
on growing in length because intercalary meristem found in stem is still intact and can
add to growth in length. but if root tips are removed then plants ultimately die
because root tips will not grow in length as intercalary meristem is absent and water
absorption from soil cannot take place. [0.5x2]
(b) Apical meristem at the stem tip and root tip. [0.5x2]
OR
a- Fluid connective tissue-blood/lymph,
b- Areolar Connective tissue,
c- Tendon
d- Ligament [ 0.5x4]
SECTION C
29. Mention any two quantities which can be calculated using velocity-time graph. Draw a 3
velocity-time graph to show the following motion:
A car accelerates uniformly from rest for 5s; then it travels at a steady' velocity for 5s.
Ans:
OR
The variation of velocity of a particle with time moving along a straight line is shown in
the figure. What is the distance travelled by the particle in 4 s?

Ans: Distance = Area under v−t graph =A1+A2+A3+A4
=21×1×20+(20×1)+21(20+10)×1+(10×1)
=10+20+15+10=55m
30. State reason for the following: 3
(a) A person is hit harder, when the person falls on a hard floor than when he falls on
sand or cotton.
(b) A gunman gets jerk in backward direction while firing a gun.
(c) A bullet fired on a glass window makes a fine hole while a stone smashes when hits
it.
Ans:
(a) In hard surface, the body comes to rest in shorter time the fall on cotton or sand,
so force is more (Newton’s 2nd law of motion).
(b) The gun exerts force on the bullet. Now by Newton third law, an equal and
opposite force acts on the gun and which is turn is exerted on the gunman
(c) When the bullet strikes the glass window, the part of the glass window which
comes in contact with the bullet immediately shares the large velocity of bullet and
makes a hole, while the remaining part of the glass remains at rest and is therefore
not smashed due to inertia of rest.
But when a slow moving stone strikes the same glass window, the various parts of the
glass window gets enough time to share the velocity of the stone, and the glass is
smashed.
(a)An ice skater leaves no trail behind.
(b)Droplets of water appear on the surface of a glass tumbler containing ice.
Ans: (a) An ice skater when skates due to pressure melting point of snow is lowered
and it melts to form which fills the mark on the snow when pressure is released the
melting point comes back to normal and the water freezes back leaving no marks.
(b) Droplets of water appear on the surface of a glass tumbler containing ice as the
glass tumbler provides a cold surface for condensation of water vapour present in the
air.
32. How much water must be must be evaporated from 850 mL of 5% vinegar to convert it 3
into 20% vinegar?
Ans:
Volume of solution= 850 mL
Concentration= 5%
Volume of solute= 5X850/100 =42.5 mL
After dilution concentration=20%
Volume of solute= 42.5 mL
Volume of solution= 42.5X100/20=212.5mL
Amount of water evaporated = 850-212.5= 637.5mL
33. (a)What do striations mean? What are the two types of striated muscle? 3
(b) Heart pumps blood all through the body. Can you explain the reason behind this
peculiar ability of heart?
(c) Name the special protein found in muscles.
Ans.(a) Alternate light and dark bands are known as striations.
Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle (0.5x3)
(b) Rhythmic contraction and relaxation without getting fatigue. (0.5x2)
(c) Special protein-contractile protein (0.5)
34. (a) Why do animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have thick layer of 3
subcutaneous fat?

(b) Why do the number of WBC’s increase in the body during infection?
(c) Given here is the diagrammatic sketch of a certain type of connective tissue.
Identify the parts labelled A, B, and C .
Ans-(a) Animals of colder regions and fishes of cold water have a thicker layer of
subcutaneous fat because fats act as an insulator and prevent the escape of heat from
their body/keep their body warm. [0.5x2]
(b)WBC’s help the immune system to fight against infectious diseases [0.5]
(c) A- macrophage, B-Fibroblast, C-Collagen fibres [0.5x3]
SECTION D
35. (a) State Newton’s first law of motion. 5
(b) Derive first law of Newton from second law.
(c) A body of mass 11 kg undergoes a change of velocity of 4m/s in 4 s, what is the
force acting on it?
Ans: (a) Newton's 1st law states that a body at rest or uniform motion along a straight
line will continue to be at rest or uniform motion until and unless a net external
unbalanced force acts on it.
(b) Proof of Newton’s First Law of Motion from Second LawFirst law states that if
external force F = 0 then a moving body keeps moving with the same velocity or a
body at rest continues to be at rest.b A body is at rest i.e. u = 0. Therefore from
above u = v = 0 So the body will continue to be at rest.
(c ) a=1 m/s2
F=ma=1N
36. (a) Oxygen is considered as gas whereas water vapour. Justify 5
(b) When water is cooled to a temperature X, it gets converted into ice at the
temperature X by a process called P. And when ice at temperature X is warmed, it gets
reconverted into water at the same temperature X in a process called Q,
(i) What is the value of temperature X in Kelvin scale?
(ii) What is the process P known as?
(iii) What is the name of energy released during the process P?
OR
(a) Account for the following:
(i) During hot summer days people use vetiver curtains (Khus curtains made up of
roots) and spray water on it to keep rooms cold.
(ii) Liquids have lower density as compared to solids but ice floats on water.
(b) When water is heated at a temperature of X, it gets converted into steam at
temperature X by a process called R. And when steam at temperature X is cooled, it
gets converted into water at the same temperature X by a process called S.
(i) What is the value of X in Kelvin scale?
(ii) What is the process R called?
(iii) What is the name of energy absorbed during the process R?
Ans: a) Oxygen is considered as a gas as it is gaseous at normal conditions of
temperature and pressure whereas water is liquid at normal conditions of
temperature and pressure but gaseous at special conditions of temperature and
pressure hence it is called as vapour.
b) (i) 273 K
(ii) Melting or fusion
(iii) Latent heat of fusion
OR
Ans: a. (i) Khus curtains absorb water and expose it for evaporation. Water evaporates
by absorbing heat from the surroundings as a result the room temperature decreases.
(ii) Liquids have lower density as compared to solids but ice floats on water because
ice is less denser than water as it has a cage like structure which have space between
them which is filled with air.
b) (i) 373 K
(ii) Boiling/Vaporisation
(iii) Latent heat of vaporisation
37. (a) Why is glycerine used while making a slide of onion peel? Mention two points. 5
(b) Name and define the process by which plants take carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere?
(c) In brief state what happens when: Rheo leaves are boiled in water first and then a
drop of sugar syrup is put on it.
(d) How do fungi and bacteria withstand much greater changes in the surrounding
medium than animal cells?
(e) What types of enzymes are present in the lysosomes? Which organelle
manufactures these enzymes?
OR
(a) What is endocytosis? Why is endocytosis found in animals only? Explain with the
help of an example.
(b) What are genes and where are they located?
(c) Give scientific reason for the following:
Mitochondria are able to make some of their own proteins.
(d) How does the outer membrane of mitochondria differ from the inner membrane?
Ans-(a) Glycerine prevents the drying up of specimen/ helps in getting a clear picture
under the microscopic lens. (0.5+0.5)
(b) diffusion- Spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of high
concentration to a region where its concentration is low. (0.5+0.5)
(c) Boiling Rheo leaves, kills their cells and cell organelles, cell wall. Due to this, all the cell
loses its integrity. Therefore, osmosis does not take place and no plasmolysis is observed.
(0.5+0.5)
(d)The cell wall present in fungi and bacteria permits these cells to resist very dilute
external medium without bursting. Water is taken up by osmosis. Hence, cells swell and
build the pressure against the cell wall. The wall exerts an equal pressure against the
swollen cell. It is because of the cell wall, such cells can resist much greater changes in the
surrounding medium than animal cells. [0.5x2]
(e) Hydrolytic/digestive enzymes. Golgi bodies produce these enzymes. [0.5x2]
OR
(a) Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell
because of flexible nature of plasma membrane. Animal cells lack rigid cell wall
hence they are flexible. Amoeba engulfing food particles.
[2]
(b) Genes are functional segments of the DNA. They are located on the DNA in the
nucleus. [0.5x2]
(c) Mitochondria have their own DNA And ribosomes so can produce own proteins.[1]
(d) Outer membrane-smooth / porous, Inner membrane-deeply folded [1]

SAMPLE PAPER-3
Class –IX, Science (Code: 086)
i. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
ii. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected
to attempt only one of these questions.
iii. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
iv. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in
the range of 30 to 50 words.
v. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.
vi. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions should
vii. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.
Section-A
Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the questions 1 -
20. There is no negative mark for incorrect response.
No. QUESTIONS Ma
rks
1. The boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and n-butyl alcohol are 35°C, 56°C and 118°C 1
respectively. Which one of the following correctly represents their boiling points in Kelvin
scale?
(a) 306 K, 329 K, 391 K
(b) 308 K, 329 K, 392 K
(c) 308 K, 329 K, 391 K
(d) 329 K, 392 K, 308 K
Ans:
(c): 35°C = 273 + 35 = 308 K
56°C = 273 + 56 = 329 K
118°C = 273 + 118 = 391 K
2. Which of the following is a correct statement? 1
(a)The inter-particle force of attraction between the molecules in a liquid is less in
comparison to solids.
(b) The inter-particle force of attraction between the molecules in a liquid is more in
(c) The inter-particle force of attraction between the molecules in a liquid is either more or
less in comparison to solids.
(d) There is no inter-particle force of attraction between the molecules in a liquid.
Ans: -(a)The inter-particle force of attraction between the molecules in a liquid is less in
3. Match the column ‘A’ with column ‘B’ and select the correct option from the codes given 1
below
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’

(a) Drying of clothes on a windy day (i) Time taken for evaporation

increases
(b) Liquefaction of gases (ii) Decreasing pressure and
increasing temperature
(c) Change in state of dry ice from (iii) Increasing pressure and
solid to gas decreasing temperature
(d) Less cooling effect of sweating in (iv) Rate of evaporation increases
coastal areas
(a) (a)-(i), (b) -(ii), (c) –(iii), (d) –(iv)

(b) (a)-(iv), (b) -(iii), (c) –(i), (d) –(ii)
(c) (a)-(iii), (b) -(iv), (c) –(ii), (d) –(i)
(d) (a)-(iv), (b) -(iii), (c) –(ii), (d) –(i)
Ans: - (D)(a)-(iv), (b) -(iii), (c) –(ii), (d) –(i)
4. Which of the following statements are true for pure substances? 1
(i) Pure substances contain only one kind of particles.
(ii)Pure substances may be compound or mixtures
(iii) Pure substances have the same composition throughout
(iv)Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements other than nickel
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Ans:- (B)
5. A mixture of sulphur and carbon disulphide is 1
(a) Heterogeneous and shows Tyndall effect
(b) Homogeneous and shows Tyndall effect
(c) Heterogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect
(d) Homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect
Ans: - (d) Homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect
6. Which of the following is the correct representation of a mixture of an element and a 1
compound?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans:- (d)
7. If a solution contains 60g of common salt in 340g of water, the mass by mass percentage will 1
be
(a) 25%
(b) 15%
(c) 20%
(d) 17.6%
Ans:-(b) 15%
8. The cork of certain plants, particularly the oak (Quercus suber) is harvested for commercial 1
use.

One of its uses is for making stoppers for bottles. Which property of cork cells is responsible
for making the product.
(a) Cork cells are freely permeable to gases
(b) Cork cells secrete suberin
(c) Cork cells are impermeable to gases and water both and thus acts as an insulating
layer
(d) Cork is made up of dead and compactly arranged cells.
Ans-(c) Cork cells are impermeable to gases and water both and thus acts as an insulating
layer.
9. Which of the following are living cells and possess the power for division? 1
(a) Parenchyma
(b) Xylem
(c) Phloem
(d) Cambium (lateral meristem)
Ans-(d) Cambium
10. Given below are four operations for preparing a temporary mount of human cheek cells: 1
(i) Taking a scraping from the inner side of the cheek and spreading it on a clean slide
(ii) Putting a drop of glycerine on the material
(iii) Adding two or three drops of methylene blue
(iv) Rinsing the mouth with fresh water and disinfectant solution
Identify the correct sequence of these operations.
(a) (i)—(ii)—(iii)—(iv)
(b) (iv)—(i)—(iii)—(ii)
(c) (iv)—(i)—(iii)—(ii)
(d) (i)—(iii)—(ii)—(iv)
Ans. (c) (iv)—(i)—(iii)—(ii)
11. The diagrams show the outer layers of cells. Which is correct for a plant cell? 1
Ans. C
12. B Which structures are found in a human sperm cell? 1

Answer: B
13. A car travels 5 km towards north than turns right and travels 3 km further, the car again 1
turns right and travel 1 km and comes to rest. What is the distance travelled and
displacement of the car?
(a) Distance: 5 km and Displacement: 9 km
(b) Distance: 9 km and Displacement: 5 km
(c) Distance: 9 km and Displacement: 7 km
(d) Distance: 7 km and Displacement: 9 km
ANS-(b)
14. The value of ‘g’ 1
(a) Increases as we go above the earth’s surface
(b) Decreases as we go to the centre of the earth
(c) Remains constant
(d) Is more at equator and less at poles
ANS-(b)
15. Endoplasmic reticulum one of the cell organelles, exists as a membranous network that 1
extends from outer membrane of nucleus to the plasma membrane making a connection
between them. Which of the following statements is not related to the endoplasmic
reticulum?
(a) It behaves as transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.
(b) It transports materials between various regions in cytoplasm.
(c) It can be the site of energy generation.
(d) It can be the site of some biochemical activities of the cell.
Ans. (c) It can be the site of energy generation.
16. Rahul’s mother was going to make pickle. For this she cut the vegetables into small pieces 1
and put them in the sun for few hours. Rahul was observing all her activities very curiously
and asked his mother if why she had put the salted vegetables in the sun. among the
following what might be the most appropriate answer for his question?
(a) So that the pickle may get extra flavour.
(b) So that the cut vegetables may absorb the vitamin d as a nutrient from the sun rays.
(c) So that the vegetables may lose all the water by diffusion and evaporation and become
dry.
(d) So that the salt may get evenly and properly absorbed by the vegetables.
Ans: (c) So that the vegetables may lose all the water by diffusion and evaporation and
become dry.
Question No. 17 to 20 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(e) Both A and R are false.
17. Assertion: - Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture. 1
Reason: - The solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of
medium.
Ans: - a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
18. Assertion- Epidermal cells aids in protection against loss of water and mechanical injury. 1
Reason- They secrete waxy, water resistance layer on their outer surface.
Ans. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
19. Assertion: The average velocity of a body is calculated by finding arithmetic mean of initial 1
and final velocities for a green period of time
Reason: The velocity of object changes at uniform rate.
ANS-A
20. Assertion- Water hyacinth floats on the water surface. 1
Reason-Specialised collenchyma with large air cavities called aerenchyma is present in
the stem of floating plants.
Ans: (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
SECTION B
Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions
21. A student heats a beaker containing ice and water. He measures the temperature of the 2
content of the beaker as a function of time. Which of the following figure would correctly
represent the result? Explain with appropriate reason.
Time (min) Time (min) Time (min) Time (min)

(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans: option (d) (0.5) Since ice and water are in equilibrium, the temperature would be
zero. When we heat the mixture, ‘energy supplied is utilised in melting the ice and the
temperature does not change till the ice melts because of latent heat of fusion. On further
heating the temperature of the water would increase. (1.5)
22. Why lysosomes are commonly called as natural scavengers and cellular housekeepers? 2
Answer:
Lysosomes are called scavengers of the cell because they remove dead and worn-out cell
by digesting them and act as a kind of waste disposal system of a cell.
23. Anu kept a plant into a beaker of red-colored water as shown in figure. 2
She left it in the garden for 3 days. The stem was cut and its cross section was observed as
shown in figure B. Which labelled part in figure B turned red and why?
Ans: The part labelled as “Y” is xylem. It turned red. Xylem conducts water to the plant.
OR

Nisha labelled parenchyma tissue as shown below. Which of
these markings is wrong? Redraw the correct diagram with
labelling.
Ans. The wrong marking part is thick cell wall.
24. Velocity time graph of a moving particle of mass 1 kg is shown in figure: Is there any force 2
acting on the body? Justify your answer.
ANS- The velocity time graph shows that the particle is moving at a constant speed then it
means that there is no acceleration and thus no force. Therefore there will be a force
acting on the body if the velocity time graph indicates that there are different velocities at
different time intervals.
25. Is the force of gravity stronger on a piece of iron than on a piece of wood if both have the 2
same mass? Justify your answer.
OR
A body travels a distance of 15 m from A to B and then moves a distance of 20 m at right
angle to AB. Calculate the total distance travelled and the displacement
ANS-Since both have the same mass (as given), the force of gravity on the piece of iron and
the piece of wood are the same.
OR
Distance = 15 m + 20 m
Distance = 35 m
Displacement = Hypotenuse of Triangle ABC
From the Pythagoras theorem
(AC)2=(AB)2+(BC)2
Or,
AC2=152+202
AC2=225+400
AC2=625
Therefore, AC=√ 625 =25 m
Hence, Displacement = 25 m.
26. Raju has taken a clean glass slide and put few drops of water on it. Now he placed a 2
complete Rheo leaf on water droplets and examined the cells of leaf under the high power
of compound microscope. After that he put a few drops of concentrated salt/sugar
solution on the mounted Rheo leaf on the glass slide. Waited for few minutes and again

observed the leaf under the high power of microscope.
What will be Raju’s observation after few minutes? What is this phenomenon called?
Ans. Raju’s observation are as follows:

(a) Cell contents are separated from the cell wall.
(b) Cytoplasm along with plasma membrane has come to lie on one side of cell wall.
(c) A clear space is seen between the cell wall and protoplast of the cells.
Plasmolysis.
SECTION C
Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions
27. (a) Write any two points of differences between chemical and physical change? 3
(b) State one instance where water undergoes a physical change and one in which
undergoes a chemical change.
Ans:-
(a) 2marks(1 mark each)
Physical Change Chemical Change
Physical changes are mostly reversible Chemical changes are not reversible
No new substances are formed One or more new substances are formed
The substance retain its chemical The new substances formed have different
properties properties from the original substance
(b) Water undergoes a physical change when it is heated to a temperature of 100°C. At
this temperature, the water gets converted to water vapours, by the process of
evaporation.(0.5)
Water undergoes a chemical change when electricity is passed through it.(0.5)
28. (a) Arrange the states in increasing order of the forces of attraction between the 3
particles. i)Liquid ii) Gas iii) Solid
(b)
Look at the graph above and match the correct letter to each of the following words or
terms:
(i)Melting point
(ii)Boiling point
(iii)Solid
(iv)Liquid
(v)Gas
Ans:-(a) Gas< liquid< solid (0.5)
(b) (i)Melting point-B (0.5)
(ii)Boiling point-D (0.5)
(iii)Solid-A (0.5)
(iv)Liquid-C (0.5)
(v)Gas-E (0.5)
OR,
Comment on the following statements:
(a) Evaporation produces cooling.
(b) Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decreases with increase in humidity.
(c) Sponge though compressible is a solid.
Ans:
(a) Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. The particles from the surface of the liquid
take energy from the surroundings and change into vapours which results in the
decrease in energy of the surroundings. Hence, cooling effect is produced during
evaporation.(1)
(b) The amount of water present in the air is known as humidity. If the water vapour in
air is already present in large amount, it is not able to take up more water through
evaporation. Hence, the rate of evaporation of water will decrease. On a dry day, the air
absorbs water more readily hence, the rate of evaporation is high on a dry day. (1)
(c) A sponge is a solid but it has minute pores in which air is trapped. These pores make
the sponge a soft material. When sponge is pressed, the air present in the pores comes
out and the sponge is compressed. (1)
29. 3
(a) Identify the plant tissue and write its function.

(b) Write two characteristics of this tissue.
(c) Specify a part of the plant where this tissue is present.
(d) Give two differences between parenchyma tissues and sclerenchyma tissues.
Ans.
(a) Collenchyma,Flexibility and Mechanical strength.
(b) Irregular thickening, Absence of intercellular space.
(c) Hypodermis of herbaceous dicot stems, leaf stalk and leaf mid rib.
(d) Parenchyma Sclerenchyma
(i) Living isodiametric cell. (i) Dead isodiametric cell.
(ii) Thin cell wall un lignified. (ii) Thick cell wall and lignified.
30. (a) Name the cell organelle which is considered as ‘powerhouse of the cell'? Why it is 3
called so.
(b) Give three similarities and one difference between the above organelle and plastid.
Ans:
(a) Mitochondria. It is called the 'powerhouse of cell' because energy required by various
chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP. Body
uses energy stored in ATP for making new chemical compounds and for mechanical work.
(b) Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are:
Difference- Mitochondria inner membrane is folded but chloroplast’s inner membrane is
smooth and not folded.
(a) It is dangerous to jump out of a moving bus.
(b) Vehicles are provided with shockers.
(c) Why is it advised to wear a seat belt in a moving car?
ANS- (a) The man jumping out from a moving bus possesses the inertia of motion. As the
man lands on the ground, feet come to rest immediately while the upper part of body
continue to move due to inertia of motion and hence the person may fall forward.
(b) Shockers are used in automobiles, motorcycles, and scooters to extend the jerk's time
interval. As a result, the momentum rate slows down. As a result, the passengers are
subjected to less force during the jolt.
(c) Seat belts are primarily employed to protect passengers from injuries in the case of an
accident. As per Newton's first law of motion, when a car abruptly stops or crashes, Due to
inertia of motion, a person sitting in a moving car may be pushed forward when the car
stops abruptly, potentially causing damage. To prevent the above accident, seat belt must
be used while driving car.
32. Starting from a stationary position, Anil paddles his bicycle to attain a velocity of 10 m/s in 3
25 seconds. Then he, applies brakes such that he again comes to rest after next 50
seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the bicycle and total distance covered by Anil.
ANS-
Case 1: (In first half)
Step 1: Given
Initial velocity, u = 0 m/s
Final velocity, v = 10 m/s v = 10 m/s
Time, t= 25 sec
Let a is acceleration, s be distance.
Step 2: Formula used
v = u+at (First equation of motion)
s=ut+12at2 (Second equation of motion)
Step 3: Finding the acceleration
10=0+a(25)
a=1025=0.4ms−2
Step 4: Finding the distance
s=ut+12at2
s=(0)t+12(0.4)(25)2=125m
Hence, the distance covered is 125 m.
Case 2: (In second half)
Step 1: Given
Initial velocity, u= 10 m/s
Final velocity, v= 0 m/s
Time(t) = 5 sec
Step 2: Formula used
v = u + at (First equation of motion)
s=ut+12at2(Second equation of motion)
Step 3: Finding the acceleration
0=10+a×5

a=−105=−2ms−2
Step 4: Finding the distance
s=ut+12at2
s=(10)(5)+12(−0.2)(5)2=47.5m
Hence, the distance covered in this case is 47.5 m.
Now, total distance traveled by the Anil = 47.5 m + 125 m = 172.5 m
33. Observe the following v-t graphs and explain the type of force acting in the cases given: 3
ANS-1st –positive,2nd 0,third negative
SECTION D
Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
34. (a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why? 5
(b)An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category would you classify this
element? What other characteristics do you expect the element to possess? (Write at least
three properties)
(c)Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass percent)
solution in 100 g of water?
OR,
Write the difference between colloid, suspension and true solution on the basis of the
following characteristic properties
(a) Types of mixture
(b) Particle size
(c) Visibility
(d) Stability of the particles
(e) Scattering of light
Ans:-
(a) Alloys are homogeneous mixtures (0.5) because they have uniform composition
throughout.(1)
(b)It is a metal. (0.5) The element is expected to be lustrous, malleable and good
conductor of heat and electricity (1.5)
(c)Let the mass of sodium sulphate required be = x g

The mass of solution would be = (x + 100) g
x g of solute in (x + 100) g of solution
20 % = x X 100
X+100
20x + 2000 = 100x
80x = 2000
x = 2000/80 =25g
OR,
True solution Colloid Suspension
Homogeneous Heterogeneous Heterogeneous
Particle size-very small (less Particle size is neither too Particle size-large (more
than 1nm) small nor too large than 100nm)
Individual particles can not Particles of colloid are too Particles of suspension can
be seen by naked eyes small to be seen by the be seen by naked eyes.
naked eye.
Particles are stable, they Particles are stable, they Particles are not stable,
don’t settle down when left don’t settle down when they settle down after some
undisturbed left undisturbed time
Don’t scatter light Particles are large enough Particles are large enough
to scatter beam of light( to scatter beam of
light(May or may not
scatter)
35. (a) What is lacking in a virus which makes it dependant 5

on a living cell to multiply?
(b) The diagram shows some of the cell structures
involved in the secretion of an extracellular enzyme.
(i) Identify A, B, C, and D
(ii)Outline the role of each of the following.
Ans :
(a) Viruses lack selectivelypermeable membrane and cell
organelles. Thus, they lack a basic structural organization
to perform various life processes effectively. After entering in a living cell, a virus utilizes its own
genetic material and machinery of host cell to multiply.
(b) (i) A = nucleus; B = ribosome/RER; C = (RER) vesicle; D = Golgi body;
(ii)
 nucleus contains DNA and help to transfer hereditary characters from parents to
offspring.
 ribosomes help in protein synthesis.
 RER sends the produced proteins to Golgi bodyfor processing and secretion/exocytosis
 Golgi body helps in processing and packaging materials.
OR
(a) Name the processes that help substances like CO2 and water to move into and out of
the cell?
(b) Name the process in which the ingestion of material by the cells is done through the
plasma membrane? Does the same process occur in plants also? Explain why?
(c) Name the stain used for temporary mounting of onion peel and human cheek cell.
Why staining is done before putting a drop of glycerine?
(d) Name the two biomolecules which are the main constituents of plasma membrane.
Ans.
(a) The mechanisms involved in exchange of CO 2 and water are diffusion and osmosis
respectively.
(b) Endocytosis, No Endocytosis is possible because of the flexible nature of plasma
membrane but Plant cells have another layer called cell wall in addition to plasma
membrane which prevents endocytosis.
(c) Safranin and Methylene blue respectively.
To enhance visualization of the cell and certain cellular components under a

microscope.
(d) Lipids/phospholipids and protein.
36. (a)Which the law that provides the formula for measuring force and the law which one 5
provides the definition of force.
(b) Velocity-time graph of a 50 g marble rolling
on floor is given below. Find-
(i) time in which it stops.

(ii) negative acceleration produced in it.
(iii) force acting on the marble.
OR
(a) State Newton's second law of motion and show that the first law of motion can be
mathematically stated from the mathematical expression for the second law of motion.
(b) A stone dropped from a window reaches the ground in 0.5 seconds (given g = 10 ms-2).
(i) Calculate the speed just before it hits the ground.
(ii) What is the average speed at t = 0.5 s? (iii) Calculate the height of window from the
ground.
ANS-
(a)Newton’s 2nd law, first law
(b) (i)8 sec

(ii) -80/8 =-10 m/s2
(iii)F=ma=.050*(-10) =-0.5N
OR
Newton's second law of motion:
• It states that “The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly
proportional to the force applied, and takes place in the same direction in which the
force acts.”

SECTION - E
Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts.
Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
37. Read the passage and answer any four questions: 4
Gases are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids. The liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder that we get in our home for cooking or the oxygen
supplied to hospitals in cylinders is compressed gas. Compressed natural gas (CNG) is
used as fuel these days in vehicles. The liquid takes up the shape of the container in
which they are kept. Liquids flow and change shape, so they are not rigid but can be
called fluid. Solids and liquids can diffuse into liquids. The aquatic animals can breathe
underwater. The rate of diffusion of liquids is greater than solid.
(a)Why Compressed natural gas (CNG) is used as fuel these days in vehicles? ?(Write at
least two points)
(b) The rate of diffusion of liquids is greater than solid. Justify this statement with
appropriate reason.
OR,
(b) Write down two conditions with which a gas can be compressed into a liquid.
Ans:-(a) Its due to its high compressibility, a large volume of a gas can be compressed
into a small cylinder.(1) It is also a clean fuel (1)
(b) liquid particles move freely(1) and liquid particles have greater space between
each other (1)
OR,
(b)By applying high pressure(1) and decreasing temperature (1)
38. 4
(a) Identify the tissue in the figure and write its function.
(b) Label X and Z.
(c) Which two of them developed from the same mother cell?
OR
(c) ‘X’ has no nucleus but still it remains alive. How?
Ans-
a) Phloem, helps in translocation of organic food.
b) X- Sieve tube cell
Y- Sieve plate
Z- Companion cell
c) Sieve tube cell and Companion cell.
OR
c)It is controlled by the Companion cell with which they are connected by
plasmodesmata.
39. Density is a fundamental concept in physics and is defined as the amount of mass per unit 4
volume of a substance. It helps us understand how tightly packed the particles within a
material are. It is measured in units such as grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm³) for solids
and liquids, and grams per litre (g/L) for gases. It helps us understand the characteristics
and behaviour of different materials and substances based on their mass and volume
relationship. (i)Calculate the Least count of the given Measurement Cylinder ?
(ii)What is the volume of the given solid?
(iii) Four measuring cylinders with least count 2.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 0.5 and 0.2 ml are available.
Which one should be preferred for finding the density of solid accurately? The one with
least count (a) 2.5 ml (b) 1.0 ml (c) 0.5 ml (d) 0.2 ml.
(iv)Calculate the density of the given solid if its mass is 200g.
OR
(iv) A student recorded the following observations to find the density of a given solid,
calculate the density of the solid. mass of the solid = 24 g Initial volume of water = 25 mL
Final volume of water = 40 ml
ANS-(i)1ml
(ii)20cc
(iii)(d) 0.2 ml.
(iv)200/20= 10 g/cc
OR
24/(40 – 25)=24/15 =1.6 g/cc

SAMPLE PAPER-4
Class –IX, Science (Code: 086)
viii. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
ix. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected
to attempt only one of these questions.
x. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
xi. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in
the range of 30 to 50 words.
xii. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
xiii. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions should
xiv. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.
Section-A
Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the questions 1 -
20. There is no negative mark for incorrect response.
No. QUESTIONS Marks
1. Which type of mixture is obtained on continuous stirring when we add one spoon of 1
sugar to a glass of water?
(a) Homogeneous mixture
(b) Colloid
(c) Suspension
(d) Heterogeneous mixture
Ans: -(a) Homogeneous mixture
2. Which of the following has the highest kinetic energy? 1
0
(a) Particle of ice at 0 C
(b) Particle of water at 0 0C
(c) Particle of water at 100 0C
(d) Particle of steam at 100 0C
Ans: (d) Particle of steam at 100 0C
3. At normal room temperature (250C) a student sets up an apparatus to determine the 1
melting point of ice. He takes a beaker filled with crushed ice and dips a mercury
thermometer in it. The correct observation is
(a)Mercury in the thermometer keeps on falling till reads 1ºC, it remains constant
thereafter.
(b)Temperature falls, reaches 0ºC, then it remains constant even after the whole ice has
melted.
(c)The temperature falls initially but begins to rise as soon as the ice starts melting.
(d) Temperature falls, reaches to 0ºC and remains constant only as long as both ice and
water are present in it.
Ans: (d) Temperature falls, reaches to 0ºC and remains constant only as long as both ice
and water are present in it.
4. In an experiment, carbon disulphide was added to a test tube containing a mixture of 1
iron filings and sulphur powder.
The correct observation is represented in the above diagram would be

(a) (I) (b) (II)
(c) (III) (d) (IV)
Ans: c) (III)
5. Melting point of four solids A, B, C and D are 78 0C, 262 0C, 100 0C and 168 0C respectively. 1
Inter particle forces of attraction are in the order;
(a) A>C>D>B
(b) B>C>D>A
(c) D>B>C>A
(d) B>D>C>A
Ans: (d) B>D>C>A
6. Which of the following is an example of physical change? 1
a. Mixing baking soda and vinegar together, and this causes bubbles and foam.
b. A glass cup falls from the counter and shatters on the ground.
c. Lighting a piece of paper on fire and the paper burns up and leaves ashes.
d. Baking a birthday cake for your mother.
Ans: b. A glass cup falls from the counter and shatters on the ground.
7. Two chemical species X and Y combine together to form a product which contains both X 1
and Y.
X + Y ------- P
X and Y cannot be broken down into simpler substances by simple chemical reactions.
Which of the following concerning species X and Y and P are correct?
(i) P is a compound
(ii) X and Y are compounds
(iii) X and Y are elements
(iv) P has a fixed composition
(a) (i), (ii), and (iii)
(b) (i), (ii), and (iv)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Ans:(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
8. If cells of onion peel and RBC are separately kept in hypotonic solution, what among the 1
following will take place?
(A) Both the cells will swell.
(B) RBC will burst easily while cells of onion peel will resist the bursting to some extent.
(C) RBC and onion peel cells will behave similarly.
(D) Only RBC will Swell.
(a) A and B
(b) B and C
(c) B and D
(d) C and D
Answer- (a) A and B

9. Column I Column II 1
(i) Jute (p) waxy layer
(ii) Cork (q) Lignin
(iii) Cuticle (r) Suberin
(iv) Pear (s) Sclereids
Identify the correct match:
(a) i- s, ii- q, iii- p, iv-r

(b) i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q
(c) i-r, ii-s, iii-p, iv-q
(d) i-p, ii-r, iii-q, iv-s
Ans.(b) i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q

10. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about epidermal tissue system? 1
(A) Epidermal cells are sclerenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell
wall.
(B) Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell
wall and a large vacuole.
(C) Epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer called the cuticle which promotes
the loss of water.
(D) It forms the outermost covering of the whole plant body and comprises epidermal
cells, stomata and the epidermal appendages like trichomes and hairs
(a) B and D
(b) A and D
(c) C and D
(d) D only
Answer- (d) D only

11. Look at the figure given below. The number given inside the circle represents the number 1
of chromosomes in the cell at that point. Fill in the blanks for (i), (ii) and (iii) using the
option that fits best.

(a) (i) - 40; (ii) - 20; (iii) - 10
(b) (i) - 20; (ii) - 10; (iii) - 10
(c) (i) - 40; (ii) - 20; (iii) - 20
(d) (i) - 40; (ii) - 10; (iii) – 10
Answer-(c) (i) - 40; (ii) - 20; (iii) – 20
12. Identify the organelles from the following flow chart 1
(a) X- Mitochondria Y- Endoplasmic reticulum

(b) X- Vacuole Y- Mitochondria
(c) X- Mitochondria Y- Vacuole
(d) X-Vacuole Y- Chloroplast
Answer-(b) X- Vacuole Y- Mitochondria

13. A person travels along a straight road for the first half length with velocity v1 and the 1
second half length with a velocity v2. The mean velocity v is given by
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Ans: B
14. Why does a rider on horseback fall when the horse starts running all of a sudden? 1
(a) The rider is suddenly afraid of falling
(b) The lower body of the rider moves forward with the horse but the inertia of rest
keep the upper body at rest
(c) The rider is pushed backwards
(d) None of the above options
Ans: b The lower body of the rider moves forward with the horse but the inertia of rest
keep the upper body at rest
15. Tissue A and tissue B form tissue system C. A carries water while B carries food for the 1
plants. Identify A, B, and C.
(a) A- Phloem B- Xylem C- Vascular system
(b) A- Xylem B- Phloem C-Epidermal

(c) A-Parenchyma B- Xylem C- Epidermal
(d) A- Phloem B- Sclerenchyma C- Vascular system
Answer- (a) A- Phloem B- Xylem C- Vascular System

16. Which of the following does not lose their nucleus at maturity? 1
(a)Companion cells
(b)Tracheids
(c) Vessel
(d)Sieve tube cells
Answer- (a) Companion cells

Question No. 17 to 20 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
(e) Both A and R are false.
17. Assertion (A): - Steam produces more severe burns on the skin as compared to boiling 1
water.
Reason (R): - When water at 373 K is converted into steam, it absorbs energy equal to
latent heat of fusion.
Ans: - c) A is true but R is false.
18. Assertion (A): Plant growth is unique because plants retain the capacity for unlimited 1
growth throughout their life.
Reason (R): Plants have different type of meristems at certain locations in their body that
have capacity to divide and self-perpetuate.
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion
19. Assertion (A): Same force applied for the same time causes the same change in 1
momentum for different bodies
Reason (R): The momentum of a body is the product of its mass and velocity.
Ans– b
20. Assertion (A): Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi-autonomous organelles. 1
Reason (R): They are formed by division of pre-existing organelles as well as contain DNA
but lack protein synthesizing machinery.
Answer: (c) A is true but R is false.
SECTION B
Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions
21. How much water should be added to 15 grams of salt to obtain 15 percent salt 2
solution?
Ans: - Given,
Concentration of solution= 15 %
Mass of solute= 15 g
Let the mass of the solvent = x
Mass of the solution= 15+ x
Concentration of the solution = (Mass of solute/Mass of solution) X 100
So, 15 = (15/15+x) X100
15 + x = (15/15) X 100
x =100-15

Therefore, x =85 g (Ans)
22. (a) Elaborate your observations after adding methylene blue stain to human cheek cell. 2
(b) What happens when Rheo leaves are boiled in water and a drop of sugar is added to it?
(c) Name the revolutionary method of staining individual nerve and cell structures
carried out by Camillo Golgi.
Answer-
(a)Methylene blue will produce a darker stain leading the DNA or genetic materials in
the nucleus to stand out. (0.5)
(b) On boiling, all the cells of Rheo become dead. On adding sugar syrup nothing will
happen as liquid cannot pass through dead cell membrane. (0.5x2=1)
(c) Black Reaction. (0.5)
23. The diagram represents processes involved in human reproduction. 2
(a) Write one major difference between cell division that occurs during process A and
D.
(b) Write two importance of cell division that occurs during the process D.
OR
(a) Zygote is a diploid cell. Explain.
(b) A haploid cell cannot undergo meiosis. Explain.
Answer:
(a) A- Meiosis- Reductional division, four daughter cells, occurs in germ cell. (0.5x2)
D- Mitosis- equational division, two daughter cells, occurs in somatic cell. (any one)
(b) help in growth, Repair wound, mode of reproduction. (0.5x2)
OR
Answer:
(a) Zygote is produced by the fusion of male and female gametes which are haploid.
Hence it is diploid. (1)
(b) A haploid cell cannot undergo meiosis as the chromosome number gets half in
meiosis. The haploid cell cannot undergo further division. (1)
24. Make a velocity time graph from the following displacement-time graph: 2
Answer:
Steps [1m]
Velocity after 2 seconds = 10/2 = 5m/s
Velocity after 4 seconds = 20/4 = 5 m/s
Velocity after 6 seconds = 30/6 = 5m/s
Velocity is constant, a=0, so velocity time graph will be parallel to time axis.
Drawing the correct graph [1 m]
25. Find the least count of the measuring cylinder used and the volume of the sphere in 2
the set-up show below:
Answer:
Least count = (2ml-1ml)/5divisions = 0.2 ml [1m]
Volume of the solid = rise in the liquid level in the measuring cylinder = 8-5.8 = 2.2ml
[1]
26. The cork of certain plants, particularly the oak (Quercus suber) is harvested for 2
commercial use. One of its uses is for making stoppers for bottles.
(a) Which property of cork cells is responsible for making the product?
(b) Mention two characteristics of cork.
(c) How is cork formed?
Answer-
(a)Cork cells are impervious to gases and water. (0.5)
(b) Cells of cork are dead and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces.
Cork cells contain suberin in their walls. (0.5x2=1)
(c) As plants grow older, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis of the
stem. Cells cut on the outer side by this meristem are called cork (0.5)
SECTION C
Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions
27. Four students A, B, C and D are asked to prepare colloidal solutions. The following 3
diagrams show the preparation done by them.
(i)Name the student, who will be able to prepare colloidal solutions.
(ii)Name two components of a colloid.
(iii)Write any three properties of colloidal solution.
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Starch powder Salt Sugar Chalk powder
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Ans: - (i) A (0.5)
(ii) Dispersed phase (0.5) and Dispersion medium (0.5)
(iii)Properties of Colloids (Any three) (0.5x 3=1.5)

• It is a heterogeneous mixture.
• The size of colloidal particles is very small.
• It shows the Tyndall effect.
• They don't settle down when left undisturbed for some time.
• They cannot be separated by the filtration process.
• They can be separated by centrifugation.
28. You want to wear your favourite shirt to a party, but the problem is that it is still wet 3
after a wash. What steps would you take to dry it faster? Write at least three steps.
Ans: -
The process of drying the shirt can be made faster in the following ways:
(a) Spread the shirt to increase the surface area which will increase rate of
evaporation.
(b) Put it in the sun to increase the temperature to increase the rate of evaporation.
(c) Keep it under the fan to increase the wind speed which increases the rate of
evaporation.
OR
Comment on the following statements:
(a) Evaporation produces cooling.
(b) Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decreases with increase in humidity.
(c) Sponge though compressible is a solid.
Ans:
(a) Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. The particles from the surface of the liquid
take energy from the surroundings and change into vapours which results in the
decrease in energy of the surroundings. Hence, cooling effect is produced during
evaporation.
(b) The amount of water present in the air is known as humidity. If the water vapour
in air is already present in large amount, it is not able to take up more water through
evaporation. Hence, the rate of evaporation of water will decrease.
(c) A sponge is a solid but it has minute pores in which air is trapped. These pores
make the sponge a soft material. When sponge is pressed, the air present in the
pores comes out and the sponge is compressed.
29. (a) With the help of labelled diagrams differentiate between parenchyma and 3
collenchyma.
(b) If the tip of the Bamboo plant is removed, even then it keeps on growing. Explain.
Answer- (1x2=2)
(a)
(b) intercalary meristem is found in stem which is still intact and can add to growth in
the length of internodes. (0.5x2=1)
30. (a) Name the cell organelle which is considered as ‘powerhouse of the cell'? Why is it 3
called so.

(b) Give two similarities and one difference between the above organelle and plastids.
Ans. (a) Mitochondria. It is called the 'powerhouse of cell' because energy required for
various chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of
ATP.
(0.5x2=1)
(b) Three similarities between mitochondria and plastids are: (0.5x2=1) Any two.
Difference- Inner membrane of mitochondria is folded but in plastid it is smooth.
(0.5x2=1)
31. The brakes applied to a car produce an acceleration of 6m/s2 in the opposite direction 3
to the motion. If the car takes 2 seconds to stop after the application of brakes,
calculate the distance it travels during this time.
Ans:
Velocity, v=u+at [0.5 m]
0=u-12
Initial velocity, u=12m/s [1 m]
Using third or second equation, v2 – u2 = 2as [0.5 m]
0 – 144 = 12 s
Distance, s = 12 m [1m]
a) The collision between two trucks is more damaging than the collision between
two cars.
b) When a branch of a tree is shaken vigorously, some of the leaves drop down.
c) When air from inside the balloon escapes from its mouth, the balloon moves in
the opposite direction.
Answer:
a) more mass, more inertia and hence greater momentum, more damage.
b) leaves are at inertia of rest, receive jerk and tend to fall down.
c) forces of action and reaction are equal and opposite.
33. A car moves a distance of 200 m. It covers the first half of the distance at speed 40 km/h and 3
the second half of the distance at speed v. If the average speed is 48 km/h, then find
a) the value of v.
b) Which device of an automobile helps in measuring distance travelled by it?
Answer:
48=40100+v100200⇒401+v1=241⇒v=5−3120=2120⇒=60km/h[2]
a) Given, Distance=200m, Speed=40km/h Average speed =48km/h
b) Odometer [1]
SECTION D
Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
34. The graph alongside shows the heating curve for a pure substance. The temperature 5
rises with time as the substance is heated;

Observe the graph carefully and answer the following questions.
(a) What is the physical state of the substance at the points A, B, C and D?
(b) What is the melting point of the substance?
(c) What is its boiling point?
(d) What happens to the temperature while the substance is changing state?
(e) The substance is not water. How can you judge from the above graph?
Ans: -
(a) At point A: The substance is in the solid state. At point B: The substance has
started melting. It exists both in the solid and liquid states. At point C: The
substance is in the liquid state. At point D; The substance has started boiling.
It exists both in the liquid and gaseous state. (0.5x4=2)
(b) The M.P of the substance is 15 0C. (0.5)
(c) The boiling point of the substance is 110 0C. (0.5)
(d) The temperature remains the same during the change of state (1)
(e) Had the substance been water, its M.P should have been 0 0C and B.P 100 0C.
Therefore, it’s not water. (1)
OR
Explain the following statements with relevant reasons.
(a) A gas fills a vessel completely.
(b) Camphor disappears without leaving any residue.
(c) The temperature does not rise during the process of melting and boiling, though
heat energy is constantly supplied.
(d) Water stored in an earthen vessel becomes cool.
(e) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Ans-: - (a)The molecules of gas have high kinetic energy due to which they keep
moving in all directions and hence fill the vessel completely in which they are kept.
(1)
(b) Camphor disappears without leaving any residue because it undergoes
sublimation process. (1)
(c) This is because the heat that is supplied is being used up in changing a state of
matter by overcoming intermolecular force of attraction. (1)
(d)Water stored in an earthen pot becomes cool due to evaporation which occurs as
a result of number of tiny pores on its wall. (1)
(e)This is because its melting and boiling point is above room temperature/ As per
the properties of a solid, it has a definite shape and volume at room temperature/ it
is rigid like a solid at room temperature. (Any one) (1)
35. (a) Who expanded the cell theory? What does the expanded theory state? Which organism 5
is an exception to the cell theory?
(b) What is lacking in this organism that makes it dependant on a living cell to multiply?
(c) The diagram shows some of the cell structures involved in the secretion of an
extracellular enzyme.
(i) Identify A, B, D.
(ii) Outline the role of A.
OR
In the above diagram of a eukaryotic cell some cell organelles are labelled.
(a) Identify the parts marked B and C.
(b) What are the substances that organelle A stores? Mention any two.
(c) Write two functions of the organelle A in a eukaryotic plant cell.
(d) Name the coloured pigment present in C and write its role.
(e) All members of the Gupta family can roll their tongues. Which part in the above figure
carries information regarding this characteristic and why?
Ans:
(a) “Cell theory” was expanded by “Rudolf Virchow”. (0.5x3=1.5)
It states that All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Viruses are the exceptions of cell theory.
(b) Viruses lack a selectively permeable membrane, nucleus and cell organelles. Thus, they
lack a basic structural organization to perform various life processes effectively. (0.5x2=1)
(c) (i) A = nucleus; B = ribosome/RER; D = Golgi body; (0.5x3=1.5)
(ii) nucleus contains DNA/gene/ chromosome which transfer heredity characters from
parents to off springs. (0.5x2=1)
OR
Answer-
(a) B- Golgi bodies C- Chloroplast (0.5x2=1)
(b) Many substances of importance in the life of the plant cell are stored in vacuoles like
include amino acids, sugars, various organic acids and some proteins. (0.5x2=1)
(c) provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell.
Many substances of importance in the life of the plant cell are stored in vacuoles.
(0.5x2=1)
(d) Chlorophyll, Traps light energy for photosynthesis. (0.5x2=1)
(e) Nucleus, the nucleus contains chromosomes, Chromosomes contain information for
inheritance of characters from parents to next generation in the form of DNA (Deoxy
ribo Nucleic Acid) molecules. (0.5x2=1)
36. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below: 5
Suman, Shikha and Rashi were discussing the universal law of gravitation, its
variation by varying the mass, distance between the bodies, acceleration due to
gravity and how universal law of gravitation is applicable to heavenly bodies.
They considered M as the mass of the object A, m as the mass of object B, d as the
distance between them.
(a) State the law that governs the force F between the celestial bodies. Establish the
relationship between F, M, m and d.
(b) If both the masses are doubled keeping the distance between them constant, is
there any change in the value of force between them? Explain, how?
(c)Write two points of importance of universal law of gravitation.
OR
(a) Every object is attracted towards the centre of earth during a free fall. It
experiences an acceleration due to gravity; g. Deduce the relationship between g
and universal gravitation constant.
(b) The acceleration due to gravity is more at the poles than at the equator.
Comment.
(c) State the location where value of g is minimum and maximum.
Answer:
a) Everybody in the universe attracts every other body with a force which is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square
of the distance between them.[1]
F ∝ Mm…(1)
The force of gravitation (F) acting on the two bodies is given by
F α 1/d2
F α Mm/d2
F = GMm/d2 [2]
b) Fnew = (Gx2Mx2m)/d2 = 4F [1]
c)force between sun and earth or moon and earth, tides, force that binds us.
OR
a) The force (F) of gravitational attraction on a body of mass m due to earth of mass
M and radius R is given F = GMm/d2 [0.5]
We know from Newton’s second law of motion that the force is the product of mass
and acceleration - F = mg [0.5]
Here, mg = GMm/d2 [0.5]
So, g = GM/d2 [0.5]
b) The acceleration due to gravity is more at the poles than at the equator because
the polar radius is lesser than equatorial radius. Since g is inversely proportional to
square of the radius, hence g at poles is more than g at equator. [1]
c) g minimum = 0 at centre of earth [1]
g maximum = 9.8m/s2 at surface of earth [1]

SECTION - E
Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-
parts. Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
37. Pure substances are classified as elements or compounds. An element is a substance 4
that contains only one type of atom. A compound is a substance which is composed
of two or more different types of elements, chemically combined in a fixed
proportion. The constituents cannot be separated by simple physical methods.
However, these substances can be broken down into separate elements by chemical
methods. On the other hand, mixtures are different from pure substances. They are
called impure substances which are composed of different elements or compounds
mixed together or more than one pure substance that combine together physically.
Mixtures are further classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
(a)List two points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture.
(b)Give two reasons that water is a compound and not a mixture.
OR
(b)An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category would you classify
this element? What other characteristics do you expect the element to possess? (Write
at least three)
Ans: - (a) (any two amongst the following properties) (1X2=2)
(b) Properties of the compound are altogether different from its constituent elements
(Hydrogen-combustible gas; Oxygen gas -Supporter of combustion; whereas water is a
liquid which is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion. (1)
The constituent elements of water cannot be separated by physical methods. (1)
OR
(b) The element is a metal (0.5)
Any three (0.5+0.5+0.5)
It has metallic lustre
It is malleable
It is good conductor of heat and electricity
It is hard
It has high density
38. Meristematic tissue takes up a specific role and lose the ability to divide. As a result, 4
they form a permanent tissue. Differentiation leads to the development of various types
of permanent tissues. Parenchyma is the most common simple permanent tissue. It
consists of relatively unspecialized cells with thin cell walls. Yet another type of
permanent tissue is sclerenchyma. It is the tissue which makes the plant hard and stiff.
Xylem and phloem are examples of such complex tissues.
(a) How are simple permanent tissues different from complex tissues? Mention two
points.
(b) In aquatic plants, which type of parenchyma tissue is found and why?
(c) What is mean by differentiation?
OR
(c) List two characteristic features of meristematic tissues.
Answer-
(a) Simple tissues are made up of only one type of cells, provides mechanical strength.
complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells, helps in transportation and
translocation. (0.5 x4=2)
(b) Aerenchyma is parenchyma tissue in aquatic plants. The air present in this tissue
make the plant light and buoyant and hence, plants can float easily in water. (0.5 x2=1)
(c) Differentiation is a process in which the meristematic tissues adapt a permanent
shape, size, and function. (0.5 x2=1)
OR
(c)
(i) They have the capability to differentiate and form any cell. (0.5 x2)
(ii) They are living and thin walled.
(iii) The cells of meristematic tissues are rich in cytoplasm and lack vacuole.
39. Read the following and answer the questions 39a, 39b and any one between 39c and 4
39d:
The force acting on a body is capable of bringing changes in its motion. Newton's
three laws of motion are a consequence of this effect of force. While Newton's first
law of motion is called the law of inertia, second law is called the real law of motion.
But it is the third law of motion which enables our movement on earth. During our
movement, the total momentum of any system of which we are a part, remains
constant, as obtained from third law of motion. Despite that, action and reaction
forces cannot create an equilibrium.
(a) Is momentum a vector quantity? If yes, what determines the direction of
momentum of an object?
(b) If a fly collides with the windshield of a fast-moving bus, which object experiences
impact force with larger magnitude? Which principle is applicable?
(c) Which has the greater momentum: an 18 g bullet travelling at 80 m/s, or a 180,000
kg jumbo jet travelling at 0.8 m/s? Explain.
OR
(d) Calculate the force required to impart a car a velocity of 30m/s in 10 seconds.
The mass of the car is 1500 kg.
Answer:
(a) yes, in the direction of velocity of object [1]
(b) Fly and bus both experience the same impact force according to the third law.[1]
(c)jumbo jet as bullet=1.44 kgm/s and jumbo jet=144000 kgm/s [2]
OR
(d)F=ma = 1500 x 3 = 4500N [2]
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CHAPTER-THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

Sub Topic: 1. What are Living Organisms Made Up of?

Which term would best represent X

(a) V could be an outermost protective covering which is composed of lipopolysaccharides to

(a) I- Cell wall II- Cytoplasm IV-Nucleus

Similarities, (any two, 0.5 * 2= 1)

(i) Identify A, B, C, and D

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(d) Cell Theory: Schleiden and Schwann proposed that:

Sub Topic: 2 (Types of solutions, cell wall)

2 Plasmolysis in a plant cell is defined as

Short Answers- 3 mark

1. Size is larger (5-100

5 Give three differences between cell membrane and cell wall.

8 Write three functions of plasma membrane.

(a) What has happened two cell ‘A’ and ‘B’?

(a) What is the technical term for the condition of

Sub Topic: 3 (Nucleus, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm cell organelles up to Lysosome)

2 Name the following Parts of cell.

Case Based- 4 mark

(a) Write the component of plasma membrane.

(i) A – Golgi body

Label the diagram.

Sub Topic: 4 (Mitochondria, Plastid, Vacuoles and Cell division)

6 The diagram below can be used to illustrate a process directly involved in

(a) Tissue repair

8 How many daughter cells are formed in meiosis I?

2 Study the figure and answer the following questions.

(a) Is this structure present in animal cell or plant cell?

(a) Identify Y write its function.

(i) How many cells should exist in the fourth generation?

2 The diagram represents processes involved in human reproduction.

(a) Identify Y and Z

Case Based- 4 mark

(a) Identify the cell organelle.

Label the 1,2,3 and 4

Answer-A-Plasma membrane, B-Mitochondria, C-Ribosomes, D-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, E-

3 What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?

Long Answers- 5 mark

Apical, intercalary and lateral

7 How are simple tissues different from complex tissues ?

8 What structure protects the plants from invasion parasites ?

a) Identify the plant tissue and write its function.

(b) Aerenchyma tissue.

(c) The husk of coconut is made of sclerenchymatous tissue

Sieve plate, Seive Tube, Companion cells, Phloem parenchyma

Identify the tissue and write its characterististics features.

Ans: (a) 150m

Substance A Substance B Substance C

Which of the following combinations are correct?

What happens to the solubility of a solute in a particular solvent on increasing the

9. Where are ribosomes located in the cell? What is their function? 1

11. State two conditions required for osmosis. Ans : 1

18.(iii) Which principle is applicable here?

(b) Central canal

Ans: i) 49km/hr ii) 20/3 km/hr2 iii) 0

31. Give reasons for the following: 3

2. Abundant or dense cytoplasm and single large nucleus.

3.Spherical, oval, polygonal or rectangular shape.

5. Either no vacuoles at all or few vacuoles. (b)