Important Questions of AI

Chapter 1 Introduction to AI

Q. 1. What do you understand by linguistic Intelligence?

A. Linguistic intelligence means intelligence to understand and interpret human natural
language and try to extract meaning out of it.
OR
Linguistic Intelligence refers to the ability of an individual to understand both written and spoken
language and the additional ability to write and speak the language too.

Q. 2. Define Artificial Intelligence.

A. A machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks by itself - collect data,
understand it, analyze it, learn from it, and improve it.
OR
When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, i.e., make decisions, predict the
future, learn and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial intelligence.

Q. 3. Explain how AI works in the following areas:

a. Google Search Engine
b. Voice Assistants
c. E-commerce websites
A. a. Google Search Engine: With the help of AI, Google Search Engine has been turned into
Intelligent search which is a new network of systems that produces direct answers. It uses voice
and image searches and has incorporated deep learning to fasten the searches with more
accuracy.
b. Voice assistant: AI is being used in voice assistants to recognize words spoken by the user.
NLP has capabilities like “Speech-to-Text” convert the natural language of the user into text for
further processing. As the digital assistant answers more and more queries, it “learns” using ML
algorithms. The more tasks it performs, its ML algorithms help it “learn” from the tasks and the
preferences of the user. As a result, the digital assistant improves its performance over time.
c. E-commerce website: With the use of big data, AI in E-Commerce is impacting customer
choices by recording the data of previous purchases, searched products, and online browsing
habits. Product recommendations provide multiple benefits for E-commerce retailers including:
Higher number of returning customers.

4 MARKS

Q. 1. What is Intelligence? Explain in brief any three types of intelligence that are mainly
perceived by human beings?
A.
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: It involves abstract reasoning, mental
representation, problem solving, and decision making, the ability to learn, emotional knowledge,
creativity, and adaptation to meet the demands of the environment effectively.
As per major researches, there are mainly 9 types of Intelligence:
(i) Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure, and understand
numerical symbols, abstraction and logic.

(ii) Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or

implementation in writing or speech.
(iii) Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the
relationship of one object to another.
(iv) Kinesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled
manner.
(v) Musical Intelligence: As the name suggests, this intelligence is about a person's ability to
recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns.
(vi) Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self-awareness someone has starting from
realizing weakness, strength, to recognizing his own feelings.
(vii) Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and
spiritual awareness.
(viii) Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to
process information on the environment around us.
(ix) Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with others
by understanding other people's feelings and the influence of the person.

Q. 2. A thief has just found a pair of ancient treasure caves. One of the caves is filled with
unbelievable treasure and the other has a fire breathing monster that will eat anyone who
opens that cave. One cave has a black door decorated with diamonds and the other cave
has a brown door decorated with sapphires. Each of the doors has an engraved
description on top. The descriptions say:
a. Black Door: Monster is here.
b. Brown Door: Only One Door speaks the truth.
Which door should the thief open?
A. The treasure is in the Black door.
Explanation: Let us look at the description on the Brown door. It can be correct or wrong.

Scenario 1: The description on the Brown door is true. Then the description on the Black door
has to be false. That means that the inscription on the Black door is false and the cave with
black door contains the treasure!
Scenario 2: The description on the Brown door is false. Then either both the descriptions are
false or both are true. Both cannot be true as that is impossible and not consistent. That means
that both descriptions are false.
Chapter 2 AI Cycle Project

Q. 1. What do you understand by Machine Learning?

A. Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines to improve at
tasks with experience (data). The intention of Machine Learning is to enable machines to learn
by themselves using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions.
OR
Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and
use it to learn for themselves.
Q. 2. What do you understand by Deep Learning?
A. Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial Intelligence. In Deep Learning, the
machine is trained with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself around the data.
Such machines are intelligent enough to develop algorithms for themselves.
OR
Deep learning is an artificial intelligence (AI) function that imitates the workings of the human
brain in processing data and creating patterns for use in decision making.
Q. 3. What are the three domains of AI?
A. ● Data Science/ Big Data
● Computer Vision
● Natural Language Processing (NLP)

4 MARKS
Q. 1. What do you understand by AI bias? Discuss in detail with some examples.
A. AI bias is the underlying prejudice in data that’s used to create AI algorithms, which can
ultimately result in discrimination and other social consequences. AI Bias can creep into
algorithms in several ways. AI systems learn to make decisions based on training data, which
can include biased human decisions or reflect historical or social inequities, even if sensitive
variables such as gender, race, or sexual orientation are removed. Amazon stopped using a
hiring algorithm after finding it favored applicants based on words like “executed” or “captured”
that were more commonly found on men’s resumes, for example. Another source of bias is
flawed data sampling, in which groups are over- or underrepresented in the training data.
For Example :
 Majorly, all the virtual assistants have a female voice. It is only now that some companies
have understood this bias and have started giving options for male voices but since the virtual
assistants came into practice, female voices are always preferred for them over any other voice.
Can you think of some reasons for this?
 If you search on Google for salons, the first few searches are mostly for female salons. This is
based on the assumption that if a person is searching for a salon, in all probability it would be a
female. Do you think this is a bias? If yes, then is it a Negative bias or Positive one?
Q. 2. What do you understand by Data Privacy? Discuss in detail with some examples.
A. Data privacy, sometimes also referred to as information privacy, is an area of data protection
that concerns the proper handling of sensitive data including, notably, personal data but also
other confidential data, such as certain financial data and intellectual property data, to meet
regulatory requirements as well as protecting the confidentiality and immutability of the data. It
focuses on how to collect, process, share, archive, and delete the data in accordance with the
law.
Privacy, in the broadest sense, is the right of individuals, groups, or organizations to control who
can access, observe, or use something they own, such as their bodies, property, ideas, data, or
information. Control is established through physical, social, or informational boundaries that help
prevent unwanted access, observation, or use.
For example:
 A physical boundary, such as a locked front door, helps prevent others from entering a
building without explicit permission in the form of a key to unlock the door or a person inside
opening the door.
 A social boundary, such as a members-only club, only allows members to access and use club
resources.
 An informational boundary, such as a non-disclosure agreement, restricts what information
can be disclosed to others.

Chapter 3 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Q. 1. What is a Chabot?
A. A chatbot is a computer program that's designed to simulate human conversation through
voice commands or text chats or both. Eg: Mitsuku Bot, chatterbot etc
OR
A chatbot is a software application used to conduct an on-line chat conversation via text or text-
to-speech, in lieu of providing direct contact with a live human agent.

Q. 2. What do you mean by corpus?

A. In Text Normalization, we undergo several steps to normalize the text to a lower level. That
is, we will be working on text from multiple documents and the term used for the whole textual
data from all the documents altogether is known as corpus.
OR
A corpus is a large and structured set of machine-readable texts that have been produced in a
natural communicative setting.
Q. 3. Define the following:
● Stemming
● Lemmatization
A. Stemming: Stemming is a rudimentary rule-based process of stripping the suffixes (“ing”, “ly”,
“es”, “s” etc) from a word. Stemming is a process of reducing words to their word stem, base or
root form (for example, books — book, looked — look).

Lemmatization: Lemmatization is an organized & step by step procedure of obtaining the root
form of the word, it makes use of vocabulary (dictionary importance of words) and
morphological analysis (word structure and grammar relations).
Q. 4. Explain the concept of Bag of Words.
A. Bag of Words is a Natural Language Processing model which helps in extracting features out
of the text which can be helpful in machine learning algorithms. In bag of words, we get the
occurrences of each word and construct the vocabulary for the corpus. Bag of Words just
creates a set of vectors containing the count of word occurrences in the document (reviews).
Bag of Words vectors are easy to interpret.
4MARKS
Q. 1. What are the steps of text Normalization? Explain them in brief.
Humans interact with each other very easily. But for computers, our languages are very
complex as it can understand only binary language i.e. '0' and '1'. Therefore, we need to convert
human language into binary numbers.
Text Normalizations: In Text Normalization, we undergo several steps to normalize the text to
a lower level. It helps in cleaning up the textual data in such a way that it comes down to a level
where its complexity is lower than the actual data. Text normalization is working on Corpus.
Corpus: In Text Normalization, A corpus is a large and structured set of machine-readable texts
that have been produced in a natural communicative setting.
Now, Let us take a look at the steps:

1. Sentence Segmentation
2. Tokenisation
3. Removing Stopwords, Special Characters and Numbers
4. Converting text to a common case
5. Stemming/Lemmatization