Wor

kingwi
thFi
l
e

Fi
l
eHandl
i
ngusi
ngFi
l
eSt
reamsi
nC++
Fi
l
er epresentsstoragemedi um forstor
ingdat
aorinformati
on.Str
eamsr ef
ert
osequenceof
by
tes.InFileswest oredat ai
.e.t
extorbinar
ydatapermanentlyandusethesedat
atoreador
wri
teinthef orm ofinputoutputoperati
onsbytr
ansferr
ingbytesofdat
a.Soweusetheterm
Fi
l
eSt reams/ Fi
lehandling.Weuset heheaderfi
le<f
stream>

of
str
eam:
Itr
epr
esent
sout
putSt
ream andt
hisi
susedf
orwr
it
ingi
nfi
l
es.

i
fst
ream:
Itr
epr
esent
sinputSt
ream andt
hisi
susedf
orr
eadi
ngf
rom f
il
es.

f
str
eam:
Itr
epr
esent
sbot
hout
putSt
ream andi
nputSt
ream.Soi
tcanr
eadf
rom f
il
esandwr
it
e

t
ofi
l
es.

Oper
ati
onsi
nFi
l
eHandl
i
ng:

Cr
eat
ingaf
il
e:open(
)

Readi
ngdat
a:r
ead(
)

Wr
it
ingnewdat
a:wr
it
e()

Cl
osi
ngaf
il
e:cl
ose(
)

Cr
eat
ing/
Openi
ngaFi
l
e

Wecr
eat
e/openaf
il
ebyspeci
fyi
ngnewpat
hoft
hef
il
eandmodeofoper
ati
on.Oper
ati
onscan

ber
eadi
ng,
wri
ti
ng,
appendi
ngandt
runcat
ing.

Sy
ntaxf
orf
il
ecr
eat
ion : Fi
l
ePoi
nter
.open(
"Pat
h",
i
os:
:
mode)
;

Exampl
eoff
il
eopenedf
orwr
it
ing : st
.open(
"E:
\st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
out
);

Exampl
eoff
il
eopenedf
orr
eadi
ng : st
.open(
"E:
\st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
in)
;
Exampl
eoff
il
eopenedf
orappendi
ng : st
.open(
"E:
\st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
app)
;

Exampl
eoff
il
eopenedf
ort
runcat
ing : st
.open(
"E:
\st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
trunc)
;

Cr
eat
enewFi
l
e
#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

f
str
eam f
il
e;/
/obj
ectoff
str
eam cl
ass

/
/openi
ngf
il
e"sampl
e.t
xt"i
nout
(wr
it
e)mode

f
il
e.open(
"sampl
e.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
out
);

i
f(
!f
il
e)

cout
<<"
Err
ori
ncr
eat
ingf
il
e!!
!"
;

r
etur
n0;

cout
<<"
Fil
ecr
eat
edsuccessf
ull
y.
";

/
/cl
osi
ngt
hef
il
e

f
il
e.cl
ose(
);

r
etur
n0;
}

Out
put

Fi
l
ecr
eat
edsuccessf
ull
y.

Wr
it
ingt
oaFi
l
e
#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<coni
o.h>

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

f
str
eam st
;//St
ep1:
Creat
ingobj
ectoff
str
eam cl
ass

st
.open(
"st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
out
);/
/St
ep2:
Creat
ingnewf
il
e

i
f(
!st
)//St
ep3:
Checki
ngwhet
herf
il
eexi
st

cout
<<"
Fil
ecr
eat
ionf
ail
ed"
;

el
se

cout
<<"
Newf
il
ecr
eat
ed"
;

st
<<"
Hel
l
o";/
/St
ep4:
Wri
ti
ngt
ofi
l
e

st
.cl
ose(
);/
/St
ep5:
Closi
ngf
il
e

get
ch(
);

r
etur
n0;

}
Herewearesendi
ngoutputt
oafil
e.So,weuseios::
out.Asgiv
enintheprogr
am,
i
nformat
iont
ypedinsi
dethequot
esafter"
Fil
ePoi
nter<<"wil
lbepassedtooutputf
il
e.

Readi
ngf
rom aFi
l
e
#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<coni
o.h>

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

f
str
eam st
;//st
ep1:
Creat
ingobj
ectoff
str
eam cl
ass

st
.open(
"st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
in)
;//St
ep2:
Creat
ingnewf
il
e

i
f(
!st
)//St
ep3:
Checki
ngwhet
herf
il
eexi
st

cout
<<"
Nosuchf
il
e";

el
se

charch;

whi
l
e(!
st.
eof
())

st>>ch;/
/St
ep4:
Readi
ngf
rom f
il
e

cout<<ch;/
/MessageReadf
rom f
il
e

st
.cl
ose(
);/
/St
ep5:
Closi
ngf
il
e

}
 get
ch(
);

r
etur
n0;

Out
put

Hel
l
o

ReadandWr
it
eExampl
e

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

chardat
a[100]
;

/
/openaf
il
einwr
it
emode.

of
str
eam out
fi
le;

out
fi
le.
open(
"af
il
e.dat
");

cout<<"
Wri
ti
ngt
othef
il
e"<<endl
;

cout<<"
Ent
ery
ourname:
";

ci
n.get
li
ne(
dat
a,100)
;

/
/wr
it
einput
teddat
aint
othef
il
e.

out
fi
le<<dat
a<<endl
;

cout<<"
Ent
ery
ourage:
";

ci
n>>dat
a;
 ci
n.i
gnor
e()
;

/
/agai
nwr
it
einput
teddat
aint
othef
il
e.

out
fi
le<<dat
a<<endl
;

/
/cl
oset
heopenedf
il
e.

out
fi
le.
close(
);

/
/openaf
il
einr
eadmode.

i
fst
ream i
nfi
l
e;

i
nfi
l
e.open(
"af
il
e.dat
");

cout<<"
Readi
ngf
rom t
hef
il
e"<<endl
;

i
nfi
l
e>>dat
a;

/
/wr
it
ethedat
aatt
hescr
een.

cout<<dat
a<<endl
;

/
/agai
nreadt
hedat
afr
om t
hef
il
eanddi
spl
ayi
t.

i
nfi
l
e>>dat
a;

cout<<dat
a<<endl
;

/
/cl
oset
heopenedf
il
e.

i
nfi
l
e.cl
ose(
);

r
etur
n0;
}

out
put−

Wr
it
ingt
othef
il
e
Ent
ery
ourname:
Zar
a
Ent
ery
ourage:
9
Readi
ngf
rom t
hef
il
e
Zar
a
9

Cl
oseaFi
l
e
I
tisdonebyFi
l
ePoi
nter
.cl
ose(
).

#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<coni
o.h>

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

f
str
eam st
;//St
ep1:
Creat
ingobj
ectoff
str
eam cl
ass

st
.open(
"st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
out
);/
/St
ep2:
Creat
ingnewf
il
e

st
.cl
ose(
);/
/St
ep4:
Closi
ngf
il
e

get
ch(
);

r
etur
n0;

Speci
aloper
ati
onsi
naFi
l
e
Ther
ear
efewi
mpor
tantf
unct
ionst
obeusedwi
thf
il
est
reamsl
i
ke:

t
ell
p()-I
ttel
l
sthecur
rentposi
ti
onoft
heputpoi
nter
.

Sy
ntax:
fil
epoi
nter
.t
ell
p()

t
ell
g()-I
ttel
l
sthecur
rentposi
ti
onoft
hegetpoi
nter
.

Sy
ntax:
fil
epoi
nter
.t
ell
g()

seekp(
)-I
tmov
est
heputpoi
ntert
oment
ionedl
ocat
ion.

Sy
ntax:
fil
epoi
nter
.seekp(
noofby
tes,
ref
erencemode)

seekg(
)-I
tmov
esgetpoi
nter
(i
nput
)toaspeci
fi
edl
ocat
ion.

Sy
ntax:
fil
epoi
nter
.seekg(
(noofby
tes,
ref
erencepoi
nt)

put
()-I
twr
it
esasi
ngl
echar
act
ert
ofi
l
e.

get
()-I
treadsasi
ngl
echar
act
erf
rom f
il
e.

Bel
owi
sapr
ogr
am t
oshowi
mpor
tanceoft
ell
p,t
ell
g,seekpand

seekg:

#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<coni
o.h>

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

f
str
eam st
;//Cr
eat
ingobj
ectoff
str
eam cl
ass

st
.open(
"st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
out
);/
/Cr
eat
ingnewf
il
e
i
f(
!st
)//Checki
ngwhet
herf
il
eexi
st

cout
<<"
Fil
ecr
eat
ionf
ail
ed"
;

el
se

cout
<<"
Newf
il
ecr
eat
ed"
<<endl
;

st
<<"
Hel
l
oFr
iends"
;//
Wri
ti
ngt
ofi
l
e

/
/Checki
ngt
hef
il
epoi
nterposi
ti
on

cout
<<"
Fil
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s"<<st
.t
ell
p()
<<endl
;

st
.seekp(
-1,
ios:
:
cur
);/
/Gooneposi
ti
onbackf
rom cur
rentposi
ti
on

/
/Checki
ngt
hef
il
epoi
nterposi
ti
on

cout
<<"
Aspert
ell
pFi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s"<<st
.t
ell
p()
<<endl
;

st
.cl
ose(
);/
/cl
osi
ngf
il
e

st
.open(
"st
udy
toni
ght
.t
xt"
,i
os:
:
in)
;//Openi
ngf
il
einr
eadmode

i
f(
!st
)//
Checki
ngwhet
herf
il
eexi
st

cout
<<"
Nosuchf
il
e";

el
se
 {

charch;

st
.seekg(
5,i
os:
:
beg)
;//Got
oposi
ti
on5f
rom begni
ng.

cout<<"
Aspert
ell
gFi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s"<<st
.t
ell
g()
<<endl
;//
Checki
ngf
il
e
poi
nterposi
ti
on

cout
<<endl
;

st
.seekg(
1,i
os:
:
cur
);/
/Got
oposi
ti
on1f
rom begi
nni
ng.

cout<<"
Aspert
ell
gFi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s"<<st
.t
ell
g()
<<endl
;//
Checki
ngf
il
e
poi
nterposi
ti
on

st
.cl
ose(
);/
/Cl
osi
ngf
il
e

get
ch(
);

r
etur
n0;

Newf
il
ecr
eat
ed
Fi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s13
Aspert
ell
pFi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s12
Aspert
ell
gFi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s5
Aspert
ell
gFi
l
ePoi
nterPosi
ti
oni
s6

St
udentdat
abaseusi
ngf
il
ehandl
i
ng
#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<coni
o.h>

#i
ncl
ude<st
dli
b.h>

#i
ncl
ude<st
ri
ng.
h>
#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

st
ructst
udent

charname[
20]
;

charr
eg[
15]
;

charcour
se[
10]
;

f
loatcgpa;

}
;

f
str
eam f
il
e;

st
udentobj
;

v
oidadd(
)

cout
<<"
Ent
erName:
";

ci
n>>obj
.name;

cout
<<"
Ent
erRegi
str
ati
onNumber
:";

ci
n>>obj
.r
eg;

cout
<<"
Ent
erCour
se:
";

ci
n>>obj
.cour
se;

cout
<<"
Ent
erCGPA:
";

ci
n>>obj
.cgpa;

f
il
e.open(
"dat
abase.
txt
",
ios:
:
app);

f
il
e.wr
it
e((
char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

f
il
e.cl
ose(
);
}

v
oidshow_
all
()

{ /
/cl
rscr
();

f
il
e.open(
"dat
abase.
txt
",
ios:
:
in)
;

f
il
e.r
ead(
(char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

whi
l
e(f
il
e.eof
()==0)

cout
<<"
Name:
"<<obj
.
name<<endl
;

cout
<<"
Regi
str
ati
onNumber
:"<<obj
.r
eg<<endl
;

cout
<<"
Cour
se:
"<<obj
.
cour
se<<endl
;

cout
<<"
CGPA:
"<<obj
.cgpa<<endl
<<endl
;

f
il
e.r
ead(
(char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

f
il
e.cl
ose(
);

get
ch(
);

v
oidsear
ch(
)

{ /
/cl
rscr
();

f
loatuser
;

cout
<<"
Ent
erCGPA:
";

ci
n>>user
;
f
il
e.open(
"dat
abase.
txt
",
ios:
:
in)
;

f
il
e.r
ead(
(char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

whi
l
e(f
il
e.eof
()==0)

i
f(obj
.
cgpa==user
)

cout
<<"
Name:
"<<obj
.
name<<endl
;

cout
<<"
Regi
str
ati
onNumber
:"<<obj
.r
eg<<endl
;

cout
<<"
Cour
se:
"<<obj
.cour
se<<endl
;

cout
<<"
CGPA:
"<<obj
.cgpa<<endl
<<endl
;

f
il
e.r
ead(
(char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

f
il
e.cl
ose(
);

get
ch(
);

v
oidedi
t(
)

{ /
/cl
rscr
();

charuser
[15]
;

cout
<<"
Ent
err
egi
str
ati
onNumber
:";

ci
n>>user
;
f
il
e.open(
"dat
abase.
txt
",
ios:
:
in|
i
os:
:
out
);

f
il
e.r
ead(
(char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

whi
l
e(f
il
e.eof
()==0)

i
f(st
rcmp(
obj
.r
eg,
user
)==0)

cout
<<"
Name:
"<<obj
.
name<<endl
;

cout
<<"
Regi
str
ati
onNumber
:"<<obj
.r
eg<<endl
;

cout
<<"
Cour
se:
"<<obj
.cour
se<<endl
;

cout
<<"
CGPA:
"<<obj
.cgpa<<endl
<<endl
;

cout
<<"
\nEnt
erNewcour
se:
";

ci
n>>obj
.
cour
se;

f
il
e.seekp(
fi
le.
tel
l
g()
-si
zeof
(obj
))
;

f
il
e.wr
it
e((
char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

cout
<<"
\n\
nFi
l
eUpdat
ed"
;

br
eak;

f
il
e.r
ead(
(char
*)&obj
,
sizeof
(obj
))
;

f
il
e.cl
ose(
);
get
ch(
);

v
oidmai
n()

/
/cl
rscr
();

/
/fi
l
e.open(
"dat
abase.
txt
",
ios:
:
out
);

/
/fi
l
e.cl
ose(
);

i
ntopt
ion;

whi
l
e(1)

/
/cl
rscr
();

cout
<<"
Ent
er1t
oEnt
erRecor
d\n"
;

cout
<<"
Ent
er2t
oShowAl
lRecor
d\n"
;

cout
<<"
Ent
er3t
oSear
chRecor
d\n"
;

cout
<<"
ent
er4t
oEdi
tRecor
d\n"
;

cout
<<"
Ent
er5t
oExi
t\
n";

cout
<<"
\n\
nEnt
erOpt
ion:
";

ci
n>>opt
ion;

swi
tch(
opt
ion)

case1:

add(
);

cout
<<"
\n\
nRecor
dEnt
ered\
n";
 get
ch(
);

br
eak;

case2:

show_
all
()
;

br
eak;

case3:

sear
ch(
);

br
eak;

case4:

edi
t(
);

br
eak;

case5:

exi
t(
0);

get
ch(
);

}
 #i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream

C++Pr
ogr
am t
oMer
geTwoFi
l
esi
ntoaSi
ngl
efi
l
e

#i
ncl
ude<st
dio.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<st
dli
b.h>

i
ntmai
n()

i
fst
ream i
fi
les1,
ifi
l
es2;

of
str
eam i
fi
let
;

charch,
fname1[
100]
,fname2[
100]
,fname3[
100]
;
cout
<<"
Ent
erf
ir
stf
il
ename:
:";

ci
n>>f
name1;

cout
<<"
\nEnt
ersecondf
il
ename:
:";

ci
n>>f
name2;

cout
<<"
\nEnt
ert
hir
dnameoff
il
e::
";

ci
n>>f
name3;

i
fi
les1.
open(
fname1)
;

i
fi
les2.
open(
fname2)
;

i
f(
!i
fi
les1|
|!
if
il
es2)

per
ror
("\
nEr
rorMessagei
nfi
l
e1111"
);

cout
<<"
\nPr
essanykeyt
oexi
t.
..
\n"
;

exi
t(
EXI
T_FAI
LURE)
;

i
fi
let
.open(
fname3)
;

i
f(
!i
fi
let
)

per
ror
("\
nEr
rorMessage"
);

cout
<<"
\nPr
essanykeyt
oexi
t.
..
\n"
;
 exi
t(
EXI
T_FAI
LURE)
;

whi
l
e(i
fi
les1.
eof
()==0)

i
fi
les1>>ch;

i
fi
let
<<ch;

whi
l
e(i
fi
les2.
eof
()==0)

i
fi
les2>>ch;

i
fi
let
<<ch;

cout
<<"
\nThet
wof
il
eswer
emer
gedi
nto"
<<f
name3<<"f
il
esuccessf
ull
y.
..
.!
!\
n";

i
fi
les1.
close(
);

i
fi
les2.
close(
);

i
fi
let
.cl
ose(
);

r
etur
n0;

}
#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>

#i
ncl
ude<f
str
eam.
h>

i
ntmai
n()

cout
<<"
\nTextFi
l
e1i
sopened.
..
..
..
.\
n";

i
fst
ream f
in(
"fi
l
e4.
txt
");
//openi
ngt
extf
il
e

i
ntl
i
ne=1,
wor
d=1,
si
ze;
//wi
l
lnotcountf
ir
stwor
dandl
astl
i
nesoi
nit
ial
val
uei
s1

charch;

f
in.
seekg(
0,i
os:
:
end)
;//
bri
ngf
il
epoi
nterposi
ti
ont
oendoff
il
e

si
ze=f
in.
tel
l
g()
;//
countnumberofby
test
il
lcur
rentpost
ionf
orf
il
epoi
nter

f
in.
seekg(
0,i
os:
:
beg)
;//
bri
ngposi
ti
onoff
il
epoi
ntert
obegi
ningoff
il
e

whi
l
e(f
in)

f
in.
get
(ch)
;

i
f(
ch=='
'|
|ch=='
\n'
)

wor
d++;

i
f(
ch=='
\n'
)

l
i
ne++;

}
 cout
<<"
\nNo.ofLi
nes="
<<l
i
ne<<"
\n\
nNo.ofWor
ds="
<<wor
d;

cout
<<"
\n\
nSi
zeofTextFi
l
e="
<<si
ze<<"
\n"
;

f
in.
close(
);/
/cl
osi
ngf
il
e

r
etur
n0;

TextFi
l
e1i
sopened.
..
..
..
.

No.ofLi
nes=5

No.ofWor
ds=32

Si
zeofTextFi
l
e=188