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Introduction and Data Foundation

Digital Visualization Techniques

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Sindhu Raji
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17 views8 pages

Introduction and Data Foundation

Digital Visualization Techniques

Uploaded by

Sindhu Raji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction and Data Foundation:

1. Relationship between visualization and other fields


2. Visualization Process
3. Pseudo code conventions
4. Scatterplot
5. Data foundation
6. Types of Data
7. Structure Within and between Records
8. Data Preprocessing
9. Data sets
TYPES OF DATA

Data is a collection of actual observations or scores in a survey or an experiment .


Types: qualitative, ranked, or quantitative.
Qualitative Data: Qualitative data consist of words (Yes or No), letters (Y or N), or
numerical codes (0 or 1)
• Ranked data consist of numbers (1st, 2nd . . . 40th place) that represent relative standing
within a group
• Quantitative data consists of numbers (weights of 238, 170 . . . 185 lbs)
DATA VISUALIZATION
Data visualization is the representation of data through use of common graphics, such as
charts, plots, infographics and even animations. These visual displays of information
communicate complex data relationships and data-driven insights in a way that is easy to
understand.
Scatter plots

Scatter plots are the graphs that present the relationship between two variables in a
data-set. It represents data points on a two-dimensional plane or on a Cartesian
system. The independent variable or attribute is plotted on the X-axis, while the
dependent variable is plotted on the Y-axis. These plots are often called scatter
graphs or scatter diagrams.

 Bar Graph
 Graphical Representation
 Correlation
 Data Sets
Scatter plot Graph
A scatter plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter plot, XY graph.
The scatter diagram graphs numerical data pairs, with one variable on each axis,
show their relationship. Now the question comes for everyone: when to use a
scatter plot?

Scatter plots are used in either of the following situations.

 When we have paired numerical data


 When there are multiple values of the dependent variable for a unique value of an
independent variable
 In determining the relationship between variables in some scenarios, such as identifying
potential root causes of problems, checking whether two products that appear to be
related both occur with the exact cause and so on.

Scatter Plot Uses and Examples


Scatter plots instantly report a large volume of data. It is beneficial in the following
situations –

 For a large set of data points given

 Each set comprises a pair of values


 The given data is in numeric form

The line drawn in a scatter plot, which is near to almost all the points in the plot is
known as “line of best fit” or “trend line“. See the graph below for an example.
Scatter plot Correlation
We know that the correlation is a statistical measure of the relationship between the
two variables’ relative movements. If the variables are correlated, the points will fall
along a line or curve. The better the correlation, the closer the points will touch the
line. This cause examination tool is considered as one of the seven essential quality
tools.

Types of correlation
The scatter plot explains the correlation between two attributes or variables. It
represents how closely the two variables are connected. There can be three such
situations to see the relation between the two variables –

1. Positive Correlation
2. Negative Correlation
3. No Correlation

Positive Correlation
When the points in the graph are rising, moving from left to right, then the scatter plot
shows a positive correlation. It means the values of one variable are increasing with
respect to another. Now positive correlation can further be classified into three
categories:

 Perfect Positive – Which represents a perfectly straight line


 High Positive – All points are nearby
 Low Positive – When all the points are scattered

Negative Correlation
When the points in the scatter graph fall while moving left to right, then it is called a
negative correlation. It means the values of one variable are decreasing with respect
to another. These are also of three types:

 Perfect Negative – Which form almost a straight line


 High Negative – When points are near to one another
 Low Negative – When points are in scattered form
No Correlation
When the points are scattered all over the graph and it is difficult to conclude
whether the values are increasing or decreasing, then there is no correlation
between the variables.

Scatter plot Example


Let us understand how to construct a scatter plot with the help of the below example.

Question:

Draw a scatter plot for the given data that shows the number of games played and
scores obtained in each instance.

No. of games 3 5 2 6 7 1 2 7 1 7

Scores 80 90 75 80 90 50 65 85 40 100

Solution:

X-axis or horizontal axis: Number of games

Y-axis or vertical axis: Scores

Now, the scatter graph will be:

Note: We can also combine scatter plots in multiple plots per sheet to read and
understand the higher-level formation in data sets containing multivariable, notably
more than two variables.
Scatter plot Matrix
For data variables such as x1, x2, x3, and xn, the scatter plot matrix presents all the
pairwise scatter plots of the variables on a single illustration with various scatterplots
in a matrix format. For the n number of variables, the scatterplot matrix will contain n
rows and n columns. A plot of variables xi vs xj will be located at the ith row and jth
column intersection. We can say that each row and column is one dimension,
whereas each cell plots a scatter plot of two dimensions.

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