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Assignment Q2

Geology assignment

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9 views2 pages

Assignment Q2

Geology assignment

Uploaded by

Anne Sherin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment 1 – Geotechnical engineering – Site Investigation

Geotechnical Model :
Based on the Bore log given , the following geotechnical model has been developed.

Layer Soil Depth Depth Relative Unit Cohesion Friction Young’s


description start end density weight(KN/m3) (Kpa) angle modulus
(m) (m) (Kpa)
1 Sandy CLAY 1 2 0.56 18 3.15 31.69 1892
2 SAND 2 2.6 0.28 19 0 28.27 4732.206
Groundwater 2.5 2.5
3 Silty sandy 2.6 9 0.15 17 0.2139 31.87 128.37
CLAY
4 Silty SAND 9 13 0.26 18 0.71 28.62 4645.9
5 CLAY 13 15 0.88 17 7.89 0 4734.33

Description and Thicknesses of Soil Layers :


Layer 1 (1m – 2m) :
These soils are grouped together because the varying colors, plasticity and minor constituents (like
gravel, organic matter and marine elements) all indicate fill material, suggesting human deposition.
The SPT test is carried out in this layer and the value at 1 m depth = 12
They are high dense (RD=0.56). The cohesion value of 3.15 is due to the clay content and Youngs modulus
is low due to the presense of clay.
Layer 2 (2m – 2.6m) :
This layer has fine-grained sand, pale yellow cream in color with trace amounts of clay and angular gravel
up to 10mm. The sand is poorly graded and calcareous.
The SPT test is carried out in this layer and the value at 2.5 m depth = 3
They are loose to medium dense (RD=0.28). The sand dont have cohesion and the youngs modulus was
high due to the sand.
Layer 3 (2.6m – 9m) :
All the soil in this layer indicate silty sandy clay with low plasticity, pale grey, green and blue with trace
organic matter and marine elements highlighting a similar textural composition and thus grouped
together. Low plasticity silty sandy clay,. These soils have a sulphate odor and are calcareous
The SPT test is carried out in this layer and the value at 4 m depth = 1
They are medium dense (RD=0.33), the cohesion value is less due to the silty and sandy content and the
young modulus is low due to the clay content.
Layer 4 (9m – 13m) :
The primary component across all soils in this layer is sand, varying from silty sand to clayey sand. All soil
types contain calcareous material indicating a shared chemical property and the presence of trace
marine elements suggests a common depositional environment. Most soils are poorly graded, showing
a similar textural characteristic.
The SPT test is carried out in this layer and the value at 11.5 m depth = 5
They are also medium dense (RD=0.26) and youngs modulus is bit high due to the sand content.
Layer 5 (13m – 15m):
This layer is characterized by high plasticity soils with a similar color range and the presence of calcareous
material making it suitable to group these materials into single layer.
The SPT test is carried out in this layer and the value at 14.5 m depth = 43
The layer is very dense (RD=0.88) and high cohesion due to the clay content.
Sample calculation :
Unit weight = (M/V)*9.81
From the Table 1.6 Craig’s Soil mechanics, the unit weight of the soils are calculated. Then they are again
checked with the table 5.3 later.
Relative density :
Relative density values can be correlated from the SPT values,
For ex, the SPT value at depth 1.5 m in the layer 1 = 12
The ground water table is 2.5m deep
At z=1.5m, the vertical effective stress = (unit wt x depth)
= 18 x 1.5 = 27 KN/m2
Stress correction factor CN = (95.76/vo)^0.5 = 1.88>1
From the table, we have N1 = Er/70 =80/70 = 1.14
N2=0.75 (z=1.5m)
N3= 0.8 ( dense sand, clay)
N4=1.00 (d=50mm)
The standard blow count = N’70 = 1.88x1.14x0.75x0.8x1x12 = 15.43 >12
Relative density =( N60/50)^0.5 x 100 = 0.56
Unit weight = 17 KN.m3 ( from table 5.3 Bowles 1996)
Cohesion:
As per Terazhagi, 1996, For the sandy clay, the cohesion is equal to the undrained shear strength = 0.2 X
N60 = 0.20 x 18 =3.15Kpa
Friction angle :
As per peck et al 1994 & Wolff 1989, Friction angle = 27.1 +0.3(N60)- 0.00054(N60)^2 = 31.69
Youngs modulus :
From the table 5.4, E= 600Su = 600 X 3.15 =1892 Kpa
Other layers are calculated using the excel attached file.
In this way, the soil parameters were found.
References :
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., & Mesri, G. (1996). "Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice." John Wiley & Sons.
Bowles, J. E. (1996). "Foundation Analysis and Design." McGraw-Hill.

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