Technology and

Livelihood Education
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
Quarter1
PERFORMING COMPUTER
OPERATIONS

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Performing Computer Operations

What I Need to Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

What I Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
What’s In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lesson 1: The Computer System - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Computer and Its Types - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
How the Computer Works - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14
Common Computer Applications used in Performing Computer Related Duties 15
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17-18
What I Have Learned - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 19
What I Can Do - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20-21
Assessment - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22-23
Additional Activities - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
Answer Key - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25-26
References - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27
Lesson
The Computer System
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 Computers in a Changing World
Many scientific and technological advances mark the beginning of the
twentieth century. These advances include inventions such as airplane,
television, and most especially the computer. Computers are changing our
lives; they are sweeping away the old ways of doing things with their superb
speed and reliability.
As many of today’s basic functions are being simplified by technology,
computers have been on the forefront in developing innovations through its
many functions.
In this digital world, having the knowledge and skills in computer
servicing is the start and most fundamental of all.

Years ago… Today…

www.google.com www.google.com

We use calculator to compute. It We use computers to solve billions of

takes some time to solve huge math problems.
amount of numbers.

www.google.com www.google.com

We use landline telephone to call our We use mobile phones to call anyone
friend. anywhere.

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 www.google.com www.google.com

We send our mails through post We s e n d messages through the

office. It takes several days to computer. It takes only a few seconds
received. before they are received.

www.google.com www.google.com
We go to the library to look for We search information on the
information in books. internet.

I. Computer and Its Types

A computer is an electronic machine that processes and stores

information. It takes in raw information using input devices, stores in the
memory until it is ready to be processed in the processing unit and sends out
results using output devices.

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 Computers are classified into four (4) different types based on its
processing power and size:

THE TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Supercomputer is the fastest and most powerful computer in terms of
performance and data processing. It uses its power to run one program at
a time.
Used in:
• Research and exploration
• Weather forecasting
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• Nuclear weapon testing
Mainframe computer is not as powerful as the supercomputer. It is
designed to run multiple programs concurrently. It is commonly used in:
• Banks
• Educational Institution
• Insurance companies www.google.com
Minicomputer, also known as “Midrange” computer fill the space between
the mainframe and microcomputer. It is smaller than Supercomputer or
Mainframe computer but bigger and more powerful than the microcomputer.
They are generally used as mid-range servers.
Some of its uses are as:
• Data Management device
• Communications Portal
• Process Control www.google.com

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4. Microcomputer is the most widely used computer – desktop, laptops,
tablets, and smartphones. It is the cheapest among the different classes of
computers. This computer is design for general usage such as
entertainment, education and work purposes.

Basic Parts of a Computer System

II. The Elements of Computer System

A computer system is a collection of entities that are designed to
receive, process, manage, and present information in a meaningful
format. It has 3 elements that will make a computer really useful.

Elements of a Computer System

Soft ware Peopleware

Hardware

1. Hardware refers to the physical, tangible computer equipment and

devices which provides support for major functions such as input,
process, output and storage.

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 Components of Computer
Hardware
Input Output
Device Device

Process Storage
Device Device

A. INPUT DEVICES are composed of a device that accepts data and

instructions from the user or from another computer system.

Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone

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A.1. Keyboard
A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and
functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the
primary device used to enter text.

A.2. Mouse
The mouse is another input device used to point and select objects on
the computer monitor. Using the mouse and keyboard in combination
allows the computer user substantial latitude in how to accomplish a wide
variety of tasks.

A.3. Scanner
A scanner is use to capture a source document and converts printed
data or images into an electronic data format that a computer can store or
process as required.

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A.4. Microphone
Microphone is used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form. It is
used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia
presentation or for mixing music

B. OUTPUT DEVICE is any piece of computer hardware that displays results

after the computer has processed the input data that has been entered.

Monitor Printer Speaker Projector

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B.1. Monitor
A monitor is an electronic visual computer display that includes a screen,
circuitry, and the case in which that circuitry is enclosed.

B.2. Printer
The printer is a device use to print texts and pictures.

B.3. Speaker
A computer speaker is an output hardware device that produces sound.

B.4. Projector
A projector is an output device that projects an image onto a large surface,
such as a white screen or wall.

C. PROCESS DEVICE is the computer’s circuitry in the system unit. It plays an

important role in processing operations. It is used to process data, using
instructions from the program.

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C.1. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board – is the main circuit board of
a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the
computer.

C.2. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or
“heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through
a computer.

C.3. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data
only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are
lost.
C.4. Video Card/GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) - also called a display card,
graphics card, display adapter, or graphics adapter is an expansion
card which generates a feed of output images to a display
device (such as a computer monitor).

SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part
of a desktop computer. It encloses the motherboard, CPU, RAM, video card,
and other internal components.

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Other Internal Components of the System Unit
a. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case,
next to the motherboard. It converts 220/110vac (standard house power)
into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.
b. Heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) - is a passive
heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a
mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid

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 coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing
regulation of the device's temperature.
c. Optical Drive - An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
D. STORAGE DEVICE stores data and programs. These hold data,
information, and programs permanently.

d.1 Magnetic Storage d.2 Optical Storage d.3 Flash Memory

Blu-ray Solid Staate Drive

Hard Disk Drive

CD Memory Card

Floppy Disk
DVD USB Flash Drive

D.1. Magnetic Storage

D.1.1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - also known as hard drive, is a magnetic
storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive
is used as permanent storage for data.

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D.1.2. Floppy Disk - is a removable data storage magnetic medium that

housed in a rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches square and
about 2millimeters thick. Also called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can
store up to 1.44 megabytes (MB) of data.

D.2. Optical Storage www.google.com

D.2.1.BD (Blu-ray Disc) – is simply called as Blu-Ray, a digital optical disc

data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format,
and is capable of storing several hours of video in high definition.

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www.google.com
 D.2.2. CD (Compact Disc) - also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic,
polished metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is read
by the CD- ROM.
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D.2.3. DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) - an optical disc technology with a 4.7
gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk,
which is enough for a 133-minute movie.

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D.3. Flash Memory
w

D.3.1. Solid State Drive – is a storage medium that uses non-volatile

memory.

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D.3.2. Memory Card – is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage

device used with digital cameras, handheld and tablet/mobile
computers and other electronics

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D.3.3. USB flash drive - is a plug-and-play portable storage device that

uses flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key
chain. A USB drive can be used in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive
disk, or CD.

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2. Software – this term refers to the collection of electronic instructions that tells
the computer what to do. It is a computer program that is installed in your
computer. The diagram below shows the classification of software.

Software

System Application
Software Software

Operating Utility
System Programs
Kinds of Computer Software

A. System Software coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and

software. It controls the operations of computer hardware and provides an
environment or platform for all the other types of software to work in. It is the
most basic type of software in any computer system, which is essential for
other programs, applications and the whole computer system to function.

A.1. Operating System – is the program that, after being initially loaded into
computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer.
Examples– Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu

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A.2. Utility Programs – are small, powerful programs with a limited capability,
they are usually operated by the user to maintain a smooth running of the
computer system.

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 B. Application Software is a computer program that performs a specific task.
(Application software examples – MS Office, OpenOffice, Media Players,
MS Access, educational software, media development software, Antivirus
software, etc.)

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3. Peopleware – the most important element of a
computer system is its users. The following types of people interact with a
computer system:
System Analysts - are people who design the operation and processing
of the system
System Programmers – are people who write codes and programs to
implement the working of the system.
System Operators – are people who operate the system and use it for
different purposes. Also called the end users like students, teachers, and
other professionals.

III. HOW THE COMPUTER WORKS?

Data are raw facts about things, events, or activities that are captured,
recorded, and stored on the computer. These can be in the form of words,
numbers, or pictures.

Data become information when these have been arranged or

organized to be of use and to have meaning to the user.

INPUT – in this step, data are entered into the computer through input
devices, such as keyboard and mouse.
PROCESS – is the computer’s method of analyzing, managing, or
manipulating data. The data entered into the computer undergo
changes. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) directs the operation
of the input and output devices to create the needed information.
OUTPUT – You get the output once the computer is finished processing the
data. It could be displayed on the monitor, printed on paper, or
heard through speakers.

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STORAGE – The processed data are kept for future use. We use Hard Disk
Drive to store the information.

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IV. Common Computer Applications Used in Performing Computer
Related Duties

1. Microsoft Office Application – is a package application developed by

Microsoft and is intended to be used in offices and schools.
a. MS Word – A word processing application used for creating
documents such as letters, brochures, activity programs, and
learning activities.

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b. MS Excel – is a spreadsheet program ideal for entering, calculating,
and analyzing numeric data such as sales figures, sales taxes, and
students’ grades.

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c. MS PowerPoint – is a presentation tool that uses graphical approach
to presentation in the form of slides. Its primary function is to help a
presenter deliver its presentation effectively.

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2. Photo Editing Software – is commonly used in editing and enhancing
photos that would give you an excellent output.

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 3. Video Editing Software – is used to edit movies or video clips.

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4. Web Browsers – is an application used to access information on the
World Wide Web. Web browsers interpret and display HTML web pages,
applications, JavaScript, and other content hosted on web servers in the
form of text, pictures, audio, and video.

www.google.com
Search Engine is a program that enables the users to search for documents
or information on the World Wide Web.

How to search information on the World Wide Web?

1. Click a browser that you want to use – Chrome, Firefox or Edge
2. Type the search engine that you want to use in the web browser’s URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) and press the Enter key.

Address bar Bookmark

Search tab

*To bookmark a page, just click the star icon on the right side of the
browser.
3. Use the search tab or the address bar of your search engine to find
information on the web.
When searching for an information on the web, the results are categorized
– All, Images, Videos, Maps, News, More,

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 www.google.com

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