G.D.

GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SEC-22, ROHINI

MATHEMATICS CLASS 10
TRIANGLES

Q.1 If D and E are points on sides AB and AC respectively of a ∆ABC such that DE||BC and
BD=CE. Prove that ∆ABC is isosceles.

Q.2 In a ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠𝐴, meeting side BC at D.

(i) If BD = 2 cm, AB = 5 cm and DC = 3 cm, find AC
(ii) If AB = 10 cm, AC = 6 cm and BC = 12 cm, find BD and DC.

Q.3 The perimeters of two similar triangles are 25 cm and 15 cm respectively. If one side of first
triangle is 9 cm, what is the corresponding side of the other triangle?

Q.4 In the given figure, DEFG is a square and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 90°.

Prove that
(i) ∆𝐴𝐺𝐹~ ∆𝐷𝐵𝐺
(ii) ∆𝐴𝐺𝐹~ ∆𝐸𝐹𝐶
(iii) ∆𝐷𝐵𝐺~ ∆𝐸𝐹𝐶
(iv) DE 2 = BD x EC

Q.5 Through the mid-point M of the side CD of parallelogram ABCD, the line BM is drawn
intersecting AC in L and AD produced in E. Prove EL = 2 BL.

Q.6 If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex containing the right angle of a right triangle to the
hypotenuse, then prove that the triangle on each side of the perpendicular are similar to each
other and to the original triangle. Also, prove that the square of the perpendicular is equal to
the product of the lengths of the two parts of the hypotenuse.

Q.7 Two triangles BAC and BDC, right angled at A and D respectively, are drawn on the same
base BC and on the same side of BC. If AC and DB intersect at P, prove that
AP x PC = DP x PB

Q.8 In the given figure, if AB ┴ BC and DE ┴ AC. Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆AED.

𝐴𝐶 2 𝐵𝐶
Q.9 In ∆ABC, DE is parallel to base BC, with D on AB and E on AC. If = 3, find 𝐷𝐸.
𝐷𝐵

Q.10 If the bisector of an angle of a triangle bisects the opposite side, prove that the triangle is
isosceles.

Q.11 In a ∆ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and Ac respectively such that DE||BC.
(i) If AD = 2.5 cm, BD = 3 cm and Ae = 3.75 cm, find the length of AC.
(ii) If AD = 2.4 cm, AE = 3.2 cm, DE = 2 cm, BC = 5 cm, find BD and CE.
Q.12 Let ABC be a triangle and D and E be two points on side Ab such that AD = BE. If DP||BC and
EQ||AC, then prove that PQ||AB.
Q.13

Vijay is trying to find the average height of a tower near his house. He is using the properties of
similar triangles.The height of Vijay’s house if 20m when Vijay’s house casts a shadow 10m long
on the ground. At the same time, the tower casts a shadow 50m long on the ground and the
house of Ajay casts 20m shadow on the ground.
1. What is the height of the tower?
a) 20m c) 100m
b) 50m d) 200m
2. What will be the length of the shadow of the tower when Vijay’s house casts a shadow of
12m?
a) 75m c) 45m
b) 50m d) 60m
3. What is the height of Ajay’s house?
a) 30m c) 50m
b) 40m d) 20m
4. When the tower casts a shadow of 40m, same time what will be the length of the shadow of
Ajay’s house?
a) 16m c) 20m
b) 32m d) 8m
5. When the tower casts a shadow of 40m, same time what will be the length of the shadow of
Vijay’s house?
a) 15m d) 8m
b) 32m
c) 16m
Q.14 A scale drawing of an object is the same shape at the object but a different size. The scale of a
drawing is a comparison of the length used on a drawing to the length it represents. The scale
is written as a ratio. The ratio of two corresponding sides in similar figures is called the scale
factor
Scale factor= length in image / corresponding length in object

If one shape can become another using revising, then the shapes are similar. Hence, two shapes
are similar when one can become the other after a resize, flip, slide or turn. In the photograph
below showing the side view of a train engine. Scale factor is 1:200

This means that a length of 1 cm on the photograph above corresponds to a length of 200cm or
2 m, of the actual engine. The scale can also be written as the ratio of two lengths.

1. If the length of the model is 11cm, then the overall length of the engine in the photograph
above, including the couplings (mechanism used to connect) is:
a) 22cm c) 220m
b) 220cm d) 22m
2. What will affect the similarity of any two polygons?
a) They are flipped horizontally c) They are translated down
b) They are dilated by a scale d) They are not the mirror image
factor of one another.
3. What is the actual width of the door if the width of the door in photograph is 0.35cm?
 a) 0.7m c) 0.07cm
b) 0.7cm d) 0.07m
4. If two similar triangles have a scale factor 5:3 which statement regarding the two triangles is
true?
a) The ratio of their perimeters is c) Their medians have a ratio 10:4
15:1 d) Their angle bisectors have a
b) Their altitudes have a ratio ratio 11:5
25:15
5. The length of AB in the given figure:

a) 8cm c) 4cm
b) 6cm d) 10cm

Q.15 Rohan wants to measure the distance of a pond during the visit to his native. He marks points
A and B on the opposite edges of a pond as shown in the figure below. To find the distance
between the points, he makes a right-angled triangle using rope connecting B with another point
C are a distance of 12m, connecting C to point D at a distance of 40m from point C and the
connecting D to the point A which is are a distance of 30m from D such the ∠ADC=900.

1. Which property of geometry will be used to find the distance AC?

a) Similarity of triangles c) Pythagoras Theorem
b) Thales Theorem d) Area of similar triangles
2. What is the distance AC?
a) 50m c) 100m
b) 12m d) 70m
3. Which is the following does not form a Pythagoras triplet?
a) (7, 24, 25) c) (5, 12, 13)
b) (15, 8, 17) d) (21, 20, 28)
4. Find the length AB?
a) 12m c) 50m
b) 38m d) 100m
5. Find the length of the rope used.
a) 120m c) 82m
b) 70m d) 22m

DIRECTION :
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.16 Assertion : D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a ΔABC such that DE║BC
then the value of x is 4, when AD = x cm, DB = (x – 2) cm, AE = (x + 2) cm and EC = (x – 1) cm.
Reason : If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle then it divides the other two sides in the
same ratio.

Q.17 Assertion : D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a ΔABC such that DE║BC
then the value of x is 11, when AD = 4cm, DB = (x – 4) cm, AE = 8cm and EC = (3x – 19) cm.
Reason : If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio then it is parallel to the
third side.

Q.18 Assertion : D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a ΔABC such that AD =
5.7cm, DB = 9.5cm, AE = 4.8cm and EC = 8cm then DE is not parallel to BC.
Reason : If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio then it is parallel to the
third side.

Q.19 Assertion : D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a ΔABC such that AB =
10.8 cm, AD = 6.3 cm, AC = 9.6 cm and EC = 4 cm then DE is parallel to BC.
Reason : If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle then it divides the other two sides in the
same ratio.
Q.20 Assertion : If a line intersects sides AB and AC of a Δ ABC at D and E respectively and is parallel
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
to BC, then 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶
Reason : If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle then it divides the other two sides in the
same ratio.