10 de septiembre de 2024

*Resuelva la siguiente ecuación diferencial de variables separables

1.

y´+ y= 0
𝑑𝑦
= −𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ = −∫ 𝑥
𝑦

𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = -x + c

y = 𝑒 −𝑥 ∗ 𝑒 𝑐

y = ce

2.

𝑦´ = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

y = 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐
 10 de septiembre de 2024
3.
𝑑𝑦2 1
𝑑𝑥 2
=
√1−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑢 𝑑 𝑑𝑦
= ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 1
=
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= ∫ 𝑑𝜃 = −𝜃
√1−𝑥 2

1 √1 − 𝑥 2

X
𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
1

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = √1 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑦
𝑦= = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + ∫
√1+𝑥 2

𝑢 − 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢
= −
1
v=x 𝑢 = 1 − 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑢− 1 = − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
√1 − 𝑥 2
− = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2 𝑢2
1
2𝑢 + 𝑐 = 2(1 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 𝐶
1
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + (1 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 𝐶
 10 de septiembre de 2024
4.
𝑥𝑦´ = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑦 𝑥

𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑙𝑛
𝑦 − 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐶 𝑙𝑛

𝑦 +𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 −2 = 𝐶

𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 (𝑦 ∗ 𝑥−2 ) = 𝐶
𝑦 ∗ 𝑥 −2 = 𝐶
𝑦
=𝐶
𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥 2

5.
𝑑𝑦
(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑦 1 + 𝑥2

𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦

𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 1
∫ = = 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦
1+ 𝑥2 2𝑢 2
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥2 1
= 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |1 + 𝑥 2 |
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 2
𝑢 = 1 + 𝑥2
𝑑𝑢
𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
2 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2
1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |1 + 𝑥2 | + 𝐶
2
1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |1 + 𝑥2 |2 = 𝐶

𝑦
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 [ 1] =𝐶
(1 + 𝑥2 )2
 𝑦
= 𝑒𝑐 = 𝐶
√1 + 𝑥 2

𝑦 = 𝐶1 √1 + 𝑥 2

10 de septiembre de 2024
6.
𝑑𝑟
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = −2𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
= −2𝑟
𝑑𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
1 𝑑𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
−∫ =− 𝑑𝜃
2 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑢
+ 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 = ∫ =∫ =𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 1 |
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑢
1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 =𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 | + 𝐶
2 𝑢 = cos 𝜃
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛𝑑𝑢
𝑟= sin𝑙𝑛𝜃 |𝑑𝜃
= 2−𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 | + 𝐶1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑟 =𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 |2 + 𝐶1
1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑟2 =𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 | + 𝐶
1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑟2 −𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝐶
1
𝑟2
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 [ ] =𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

1
𝑟2
= 𝑒𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
1
𝑟 2 = 𝐶1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

𝑟 = 𝐶2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

7.

Ejercicios

1. 𝑥𝑦´ = 2𝑦

2. 𝑥𝑦´ = 𝑦 2 − 𝑦

𝑥𝑦´ = 𝑦(𝑦 − 1)

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑦(𝑦 − 1) 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
−∫
𝑦(𝑦 − 1)
 1 𝐴 𝐵
= +
𝑦(𝑦 − 1) 𝑦 𝑦 − 1

1 = 𝐴(𝑦 − 1) + 𝐵𝑦

𝑦=0

1 = 𝐴(−1)

𝐴 = −1

𝑦=1

1 = 𝐴(1 − 1) + 𝐵(1)

𝐵=1

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∫ = −∫ +∫
𝑦(𝑦 − 1) 𝑦 𝑦−1

= − 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 +𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 = 1

𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |𝑦 − 1| − 𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 =𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 |𝑦 − 1| −𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 −𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 = 𝐶
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 [𝑦 − 1] − [𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 +𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 ] = 𝐶
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 [𝑦 − 1] −𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 [𝑦 ∗ 𝑥] = 𝐶
𝑦−1
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛 | | = 𝑒𝑐
𝑦𝑥
𝑦−1
= 𝐶1
𝑦𝑥

8.

𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦´ = 0

𝑦𝑦´ = −𝑥

𝑦2 𝑥2
= − +𝐶
2 2
𝑦 2 = −𝑥 2 + 𝐶1

2𝑦𝑥´ = −2𝑥
2𝑦𝑦´
= −𝑥
2