Name: JAPETH M.

VICENTE Course and Year: MAED-MATHEMATICS 1

Q2-WEEK 10-L1: Sequences and Series

Direction: Write an expression for the apparent nth term of the sequence. (Assume that
begins with 1).

1. -2, 2, -2, 2, -2,… Answer: (−1)𝑛 × 2

2. -1, 2, 7, 14, 23,… Answer: 𝑛2 − 2
4 4 4
3. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5,… Answer: 𝑛

Q2-WEEK 10-L2: Geometric Sequence and Partial Sums

Direction: Find the formula for the arithmetic sequence.

1. 𝑎1 = 𝑦, 𝑑 = 3𝑦

Solution:

Let: 𝑎1 = 𝑦 and 𝑑 = 3𝑦

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑦 + (𝑛 − 1)3𝑦
= 𝑦 + 3𝑛𝑦 − 3𝑦
= 3𝑛𝑦 − 2𝑦
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑦(13 − 2)

2. 𝑎2 = 93, 𝑎6 = 65

Solution:

Let: 𝑎2 = 93 and 𝑎6 = 65

2nd Equation = 𝑎1 + 5𝑑 = 65
1st Equation = − 𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 93
4𝑑 = −28
4 4
𝑑 = −7

𝑎1 + 𝑑 = 93
𝑎1 − 7 = 93
𝑎1 = 93+7
𝑎1 = 100
 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
= 100 + (𝑛 − 1)(−7)
= 100 − 7𝑛 + 7
𝑎𝑛 = 107 − 7𝑛

3. Find the sum of the first 100 positive multiples of 5.

Solution:

Let: 𝑎1 = 5, 𝑑 = 5, 𝑛 = 100, and 𝑎100 = 500

𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛
+ (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2
𝑆100 = 100
+ (5 + 500)
2
= 50(505)
𝑆100 = 25250

Q2-WEEK 10-L3: Geometric Sequence and Series

Direction: Write an expression for the nth term of the geometric sequence. Then find the 20 th
term of the sequence.

1. 𝑎1 = 16, 𝑎2 = −8

Solution:
𝑟 = 𝑎2 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−1 )
𝑎1 𝑎𝑛 = 1 𝑛−1
= −8 16 (− )
2
16
𝑟 = 1
−
2
𝑎20 = 1 20−1
16 (− )
2
1 19
16 (− )
2
= 1
16 (− )
524288
𝑎20 = 1
−
32768
2. 𝑎1 = 100, 𝑟 = 1.05

Solution:

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−1 )
𝑎𝑛 = 100(1.05)𝑛−1

𝑎20 = 100(1.05)20−1
= 100(1.05)19
= 100(2.527)
𝑎20 ≈ 252.7

Q2-WEEK 10-L4: Mathematical Induction

Direction: Use mathematical induction to prove the formula for every positive integer n.

1. 3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ (2𝑛 + 1) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 2)

Base Case 𝑛(𝑛 + 2) = 1(1 + 2)

Let; n=1 = 1+2
𝑛(𝑛 + 2) = 3

Inductive Hypothesis 3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ (2𝑘 + 1) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 2)

Let; n=k

Inductive Step
Prove that n=k+1 is true
3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ (2𝑘 + 1)+(2(k+1)+1) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 2) + (2𝑘 + 3)
= 𝑘 2 + 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 3
= 𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 3
= (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 3)
= (𝑘 + 1)((𝑘 + 1) + 2)

Therefore, the formula is proven by mathematical induction.

 3 5 1 𝑛
2. . 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ⋯ + 2 (𝑛 + 1) = 4 (𝑛 + 3)

Base Case 𝑛 1
(𝑛 + 3) = (1 + 3)
Let; n=1 4 4
= 1
(4)
4
𝑛
(𝑛 + 3) = 1
4

Inductive Hypothesis 3 1 = 𝑘
Let; n=k 1 + + 2 + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1) (𝑘 + 3)
2 2 4

Inductive Step
Prove that n=k+1 is true
3 1 1 = 𝑘 1
1 + + 2 + ⋯ + (𝑘 + 1) + (𝑘 + 2) (𝑘 + 3) + (𝑘 + 2)
2 2 2 4 2
= 𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 4
4
= 𝑘 2 + 5𝑘 + 4
4
= (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 4)
4
= (𝑘 + 1)((𝑘 + 1) + 3)
4

Therefore, the formula is proven by mathematical induction.

Q2-WEEK 10-L5: Binomial Theorem

Direction: Use the binomial theorem to expand and simplify the expression.

1. (𝑥 − 3)6
𝑛 𝑛
Formula: (𝑎 + 𝑏 ) 𝑛 =
∑ ( ) 𝑎𝑛−𝑘 𝑏𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑘

Solution: Let; a=x, b=-3, and n=6

6
(𝑥 − 3) = 6 6
∑ ( ) 𝑥 6−𝑘 (−3)𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑘
= 6! 6! 6! 6!
( ) 𝑥 6 (−3)0 + ( ) 𝑥 5 (−3)1 + ( ) 𝑥 4 (−3)2 + ( ) 𝑥 3 (−3)3 +
0! 6! 1! 5! 2! 4! 3! 3!
6! 6! 6!
( ) 𝑥 2 (−3)4 + ( ) 𝑥 1 (−3)5 + ( ) 𝑥 0 (−3)6
4! 2! 5! 1! 6! 0!
= (1)𝑥 6 (1) + (6)𝑥 5 (−3) + (15)𝑥 4 (9) + (20)𝑥 3 (−27) +
(15)𝑥 2 (81) + (6)𝑥 1 (−243) + (1)𝑥 0 (729)
(𝑥 − 3)6 = 𝑥 6 − 18𝑥 5 + 135𝑥 4 − 540𝑥 3 + 1215𝑥 2 − 1458𝑥 + 729
2. (𝑎 − 3𝑏)5
𝑛 𝑛
(𝑎 + 𝑏 ) 𝑛 =
Formula: ∑ ( ) 𝑎𝑛−𝑘 𝑏𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑘

Solution: Let; a=a, b=-3b, and n=5

(𝑎 − 3𝑏)5 = 5 5
∑ ( ) 𝑎5−𝑘 (−3𝑏)𝑘
𝑘=0 𝑘
= 5! 5! 5!
( ) 𝑎5 (−3𝑏)0 + ( ) 𝑎4 (−3𝑏)1 + ( ) 𝑎3 (−3𝑏)2 +
0! 5! 1! 4! 2! 3!
5! 5! 5!
( ) 𝑎2 (−3𝑏)3 + ( ) 𝑎1 (−3𝑏)4 + ( ) 𝑎0 (−3𝑏)5
3! 2! 4! 1! 5! 0!
= (1)𝑎5 (1) + (5)𝑎4 (−3𝑏) + (10)𝑎3 (9𝑏2 ) +
(10)𝑎2 (−27𝑏3 ) + (5)𝑎1 (81𝑏4 ) + (1)𝑎0 (−243𝑏5 )
(𝑥 − 3)6 = 𝑎5 − 15𝑎4 𝑏 + 90𝑎3 𝑏2 − 270𝑎2 𝑏3 + 405𝑎𝑏4 − 243𝑏5

Q2-WEEK 10-L6: Counting Principles

Direction: Solve what is asked.

1. Slips of paper numbered 1 through 14 are placed in a hat in how many ways can you
draw two numbers with replacement that total 12?

Listing Method:
(1,11),(2,10),(3,9),(4,8),(5,7),(6,6),(7,5),(8,4),(9,3),(10,2),(11,2)

Therefore, there are 11 ways to draw two numbers with replacement

that total 12.

2. There are 10 bicyclist entered in a race. In how many different ways could the top three
places be decided?

Solution: 10×9×8=270

Therefore, there are 270 ways to decide the top three places.
 Q2-WEEK 10-L7: Probability

Direction: Solve what is asked.

1. A man has five pairs of socks, of which no two pairs are the same color. He randomly
selects two socks from a drawer. What is the probability that he gets a matched pair?

Formula: 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Solution:
Total number of socks=5×2=10 socks
10×9
Total outcomes = (10
2
)= =45
2
10
Number of favorable outcomes = =5
2

𝑃 = 𝐹𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
= 5 5
÷
45 5
𝑃 = 1
9

2. At a particular university, the numbers of students in the four classes are broken down by
percents, as shown in the table. Class Percent
Freshmen 31
Sophomores 26
Juniors 25
Seniors 18

A single student picked randomly by lottery for a cash scholarship. What is the probability
that the scholarship winner is
(a) . a junior or senior?
(b) . a freshmen, sophomore, or junior?

Solution for (a) junior or senior:

𝑃(𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑠) = 𝑃 (𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟) + 𝑃(𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟)

= 25% + 18%
𝑃(𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑠) = 43% 𝑜𝑟 0.43

Solution for (b) freshmen, sophomore, or junior:

𝑃(𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑛, 𝑆𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑜𝑟 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃 (𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑛) + 𝑃(𝑆𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒) + 𝑃(𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟))

= 31% + 26% + 25%
𝑃(𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑛, 𝑆𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑜𝑟 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑟) = 82% 𝑜𝑟 0.82