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lap report ex3

101 chem lab reports

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13 views

lap report ex3

101 chem lab reports

Uploaded by

malakjalal2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title of experiment.

(bold, 18pt)
Name of student, I.D# (normal, 14pt)
CHEMY101, Department of Chemistry, University of Bahrain. (normal, 12pt)

Aim:
- To prepare diluted solution of more concentrated solution.
- To determine an unknown concentration of sodium hydroxide solution.

Introduction:
Titration usually used to determine an unknown concentration of a solution called
analyte, by using another solution with known concentration and volume called
titrant.
by using this formula:
M1V1=M2V2
in this experiment the analyte is sodium hydroxide NAOH which is strong base,
and the titrant is HCl which is strong acid. Acid is a substance that form hydrogen
ions when dissolved in water and the opposite of the acids are bases which is a
substance that form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. the chemical reaction
between acid and base called neutralization reactions and the product of this
reaction is usually salt and water. For example:
HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl
The reactants of this reaction are hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide base,
and the product are NaCl which is a salt and H2O which is water. Also, the net
ionic equation of the neutralization reaction usually is:
H+ + OH-  H2O
Another concept is the equivalent point it's the point when the number of moles of
acid equals the number of moles of base or in another way the point which the
chemical reaction is complete its also can be called the end point, since both the
acid and the base are color less to know when the reaction reach the end point
indicator get used which is a substance that change its color at the equivalent point
or end point.
Another concept that gets used in the titration is dilution it is the process of
decreasing the concentration of the solution by adding more solvent to the solution
for example adding more water to a tea to make the flavor of the tea weaker.
In this experiment both acid and base have been diluted to make their volume
100ml then started with the titration.
Results and Calculation:

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (aq)


HCl Solution
M1 (HCl ) x V1 ( HCl ) = M2 ( HCl ) x V2 ( HCl )
1.00 mol/L x 4.00 ml = M2 ( HCl ) x 100.0 ml
Molarity of diluted HCl Solution M2 = 0.04mol / L
NaOH Solution
1 - Volume of NaOH needed for dilution V1 = 10.00 ml
2 -Total volume of diluted NaOH V2 = 100.0 ml
3 - Dilution Factor = V2 / V1 = 100ml / 10 ml = 10
4- Volume of HCl used in Titration V HCl = 10.0 ml
5- Moles of HCl = M2 (0.04 mol/L ) x VHCl 0.01 (L) = 0.0004
6-Moles HCl = Moles of NaOH moles

T1 T2 T3
Final volume of 4.4 8.7 25.3
NaOH(mL)
Initial volume of 0 4.4 20.2
NaOH(mL)
Volume of NaOH 4.4 4.3 5.1
Average volume of 4.4+4.3+5.1/3 =
NaOH (mL)
4.6

7- Molarity of diluted NaOH Solution M 2 = moles NaOH / V ave (L) = 0.0004/0.0046 =


0.086 mol/ L
8- M of (Stock ) NaOH Solution M1 = M2 x Dilution Factor = 0.086* 100/10 = 0.86
9 -Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol mol / L
10- Conc of NaOH in g/L = Molar mass of NaOH X M1 (stock NaOH) = 40*0.86 =
34.4g/L .

Discussion:
This experiment consists of two parts dilution and titration.
First dilution,
To dilute the HCl take 4ml of 1.0M HCl by the pipette and the pipette blub then put it in a
volumetric flask after that add distilled water until the solution reaches 100ml in the
volumetric flask and shake it will then calculate the new molarity by using this formula
M1V1=M2V2 M2= 0.04M. after that dilute NaOH take 10ml of NaOH by the pipette and
the pipette blub then put it into volumetric flask after that add distilled water until the
solution reaches 100ml in the volumetric flask and shake it will then calculate dilution
factor which is V2 / V1 D.f = 10.
Second titration,
put the diluted NaOH solution to the burette , and the diluted HCl to the conical flask and
add 4 drops of the indicator in the conical flask of the HCl notice how the indicator in the
acid is colorless , to start the titration open the stopcock of the burette and start adding the
base to the acid and keep swirling the conical flask until reaching the equivalent point or
until the appearance of light pink Color notice how indicator color in base is pink ,repeat
the titration from four to seven time until having three volume readings of NaOH. then
calculate the average volume = 4.4+4.3+5.1/3 = 4.6 finally calculate the concentration
of the NaOH= MM NaOH * M1 = 40*0.86 =34.4 g/L
Some source of errors that might happen in this experiment is the presence of air bubbles
in the burette, forgetting to add the indicator, miss reading the burette and the adding too
much or too little of the titrant .

Conclusion:
In conclusion this report aims were to prepare diluted solution of more concentrated
solution, the experiment diluted both the HCl and the NaOH, as well as to determine
the known concentration of sodium hydroxide solution which was 34.4 g/L
according to this equation :
HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl

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