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5 views2 pages

Sheet 1

Uploaded by

emanwael39
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sheet (1)

1. In using pulse code modulation (PCM) for digitizing analog information, Define the
aliasing effect. Explain how to avoid this effect.

2. Determine the Nyquist sampling rate and the Nyquist sampling interval for the
signals:
(a) sinc (100 πt);
(b) sinc2(100 πt);
(c) sinc (100 πt) + sinc (50 πt);
(d) sinc (100 πt) + 3sinc2(60 πt);
(e) sinc (50 πt) sinc (100 πt).

3. Determine the number of quantization levels that are implied if the number of bits
per sample in a given PCM code is 5, 8 and x.

4. What is the resulting signal to- quantization noise (SNR) for a signal uniformly
distributed on [−1, 1] when uniform quantizer with 256 levels is employed?

5. Consider an audio signal S(t)= 3 cos500t


a) Find the signal to- quantization noise (SNR) If this signal is quantized using 10-bit
PCM.
b) Find the number of quantization bits needed to SNR at least 40 dB.

6. Common input voltage ranges for commercial A/D converters (i.e., quantizers) are
±1 volt, ±5 volts, ±10 volts. Take an A/D converter with a ±1 volt range and
compute the number of levels and the step size if it is (a) 8-bit, (b) 12-bit, and (c)
16-bit.

7. A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. This signal is
sampled, quantized, and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal.
(a) What is the sampling rate if the signal is to be sampled at a rate 20% above the
Nyquist rate.
(b) If the samples are quantized into 1024 levels, determine the number of binary
pulses required to encode each sample.
(c) Determine the binary pulse rate (bits per second) of the binary-coded signal, and
the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal.
8. Consider an audio signal comprised of three sinusoidal terms
𝒇(𝒕)=𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒕)+𝟏𝟎𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟕𝟎𝟎𝒕)+𝟏𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒕)

This is quantized using 10-bit PCM, and the Nyquist sampling rate is used. Find the
signal-to-quantization noise ratio.

9. A message signal m(t) is transmitted by binary PCM without compression. Let the
signal to- quantization noise (SNR) required be at least 47 dB. Determine the
minimum number of quantization levels L required, assuming that m(t) is
sinusoidal. With this value of L, determine the SNR.

10. In a PCM systems, the signal 𝑚(𝑡)= sin (100 𝜋𝑡+cos (100 𝜋𝑡) is sampled at the
Nyquist rate. The samples are processed by a uniform quantizer with step size
0.75V. find the minimum data rate of the PCM system in bits per second.

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