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modulewise questions

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3 views

modulewise questions

Uploaded by

amrithkala shetty
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MODULE 1

1. What is a classification algorithm? Explain the different types of classification algorithm.


2. Explain the concept of SGD.
3. What is linear regression? How it is different from classification algorithms.
4. Support Vector Machine (SVM):
a. Types of SVM.
b. How SVM is used for classification. How it is used for linearly separable data?
c. Concepts: margin, hyperplane, support vectors, and characteristics of SVM.
d. Explain the working principle of SVM
5. Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD):
a. Explain the concept of SGD.
b. How is SGD different from Gradient Descent?
6. Decision Trees and Random Forests:
a. Working of Decision Trees.
b. How is a Decision Tree different from a Random Forest?
c. Working of Random Forest.
7. Ensemble methods in ML:
a. Explain ensemble methods.
b. How does Random Forest implement ensemble learning?
8. Explain naïve bayes theorem.
a. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/bayes-theorem/
9. Compare and contrast linear regression and logistic regression with example.
a. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ml-linear-regression-vs-logistic-regression/

10. Explain logistic regression and its logistic function.

Logistic regression is used for binary classification where we use sigmoid function, that takes input as
independent variables and produces a probability value between 0 and 1.

For example, we have two classes Class 0 and Class 1 if the value of the logistic function for an input
is greater than 0.5 (threshold value) then it belongs to Class 1 otherwise it belongs to Class 0. It’s
referred to as regression because it is the extension of linear regression but is mainly used for
classification problems.

Key Points:

Logistic regression predicts the output of a categorical dependent variable. Therefore, the outcome
must be a categorical or discrete value.

It can be either Yes or No, 0 or 1, true or False, etc. but instead of giving the exact value as 0 and 1, it
gives the probabilistic values which lie between 0 and 1.

In Logistic regression, instead of fitting a regression line, we fit an “S” shaped logistic function, which
predicts two maximum values (0 or 1).

Logistic Function – Sigmoid Function

The sigmoid function is a mathematical function used to map the predicted values to probabilities.

11. It maps any real value into another value within a range of 0 and 1. The value of the logistic
regression must be between 0 and 1, which cannot go beyond this limit, so it forms a curve like
the “S” form.
The S-form curve is called the Sigmoid function or the logistic function.

In logistic regression, we use the concept of the threshold value, which defines the probability of
either 0 or 1. Such as values above the threshold value tends to 1, and a value below the threshold
values tends to 0.

Types of Logistic Regression

On the basis of the categories, Logistic Regression can be classified into three types:

Binomial: In binomial Logistic regression, there can be only two possible types of the dependent
variables, such as 0 or 1, Pass or Fail, etc.

Multinomial: In multinomial Logistic regression, there can be 3 or more possible unordered types of
the dependent variable, such as “cat”, “dogs”, or “sheep”

Ordinal: In ordinal Logistic regression, there can be 3 or more possible ordered types of dependent
variables, such as “low”, “Medium”, or “High”.

12. Explain the working of the K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) algorithm. Why is it necessary?
13. Explain linear regression? How it is different from multiple linear regression
14. Knn algorithm with example.

15. Compare and contrast different evaluation metrics for classification tasks .
16. Explain the concept of ensemble methods in machine learning. How does the Random Forest
algorithm implement this concept?

Module 4

1. Module 4: Reinforcement Learning (RL)


2. What is RL? How does it differ from supervised and unsupervised learning?
3. List RL environments.
4. Main components of RL:
5. What is an MDP (Markov Decision Process)? Key functions of MDP.
6. Explain rewards and returns.
7. Explain the types of RL algorithm.
8. Explain the agent-environment interface.
9. Policy:
a. What is a policy?
b. Deterministic vs. stochastic policies.
c. Explain the difference between deterministic and stochastic policies.
10. What is the value function?
11. Difference between state-value and action-value functions.
12. Explain Q-function (action-value function)/ Explain State-Action Value Function (Q
Function) in RL
13. Policy function in the context of MDP. How does it influence agent action?
14. Explain the importance of rewards in MDP.
15. Markov Chains and the Markov property:
a. What are Markov chains?
b. What is the Markov property?
c. How can they be represented using state diagrams?
d. What do transition probabilities signify?
16. Explain the state-value function. How does it differ from the action-value function in
RL?
17. What is a Markov Decision Process (MDP)? Explain the importance of rewards and
returns.
18. What are the popular Reinforcement Learning platforms, and how do
they support the development and testing of RL algorithms?

Module 5
1. What is MLOps? Key components of MLOps (pipelines).
2. Importance of DevOps in MLOps.
3. What is MLOps? Discuss its importance in the machine learning lifecycle.
4. Explain the key components of MLOps and how they contribute to efficient ML
model deployment.
5. Discuss the role of Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) in
MLOps.
6. Explain the importance of DevOps in the MLOps process.
7. Discuss the primary challenges faced by organizations when deploying machine
learning models and how MLOps provides solutions.
8. Explain the importance of Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment
(CI/CD) in MLOps.
9. How do tools and frameworks help in building MLOps pipelines?
10. What are the key components of a successful MLOps pipeline?
11. What is DevOps, and how does it relate to the principles of MLOps?
12. Explain the Agile methodology and its relevance to both DevOps and MLOps.
13. What are MLOps pipelines, and why are they essential for managing the machine
learning lifecycle?
14. Explain how Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD) improve the
efficiency of Machine Learning models.

19. Module 2: Clustering and Association Rule Mining


20. Steps in the EM algorithm.
21. Probabilistic clustering and its applications in Data Science.
22. Association Rule Mining (ARM):
23. What is ARM?
24. Explain the concepts of support, confidence, and lift with examples.
25. Apriori Algorithm:
26. Explain the working of the Apriori algorithm with examples.
27. How does it identify frequent itemsets?
28. How are frequent patterns used in the FP-Growth algorithm?
1.
2. https://github.com/yanshengjia/ml-road/blob/master/resources/Deep%20Learning.pdf

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