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Interaction Paradigms

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32 views5 pages

Interaction Paradigms

Uploaded by

Alishwa Rubab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HCI

Interaction Paradigm
By interaction paradigm, it is meant a particular philosophy or way of thinking
about interaction design. Paradigms are samples available design by which we can
interactively design software. Basically its concerned with “how can an interactive
system be developed to ensure its usability “.There are number of available
patterns or possible ways for interactive design.

What is paradigm?

Ans:

• The way you see something


• Your point of view
• Frame of preference or belief
• The way we understand and interpret the world
• Its like a map in our head

There are different Paradigms that are as follow:

1. Time Sharing
Designing such an interactive system that can be shared by multiple user at a
time.

• Single PC supporting multiple users for example printer.


• 1940/1950 explosive technological growth
• Previously (batch processing)
• Real human computer interaction
2. Video display units
• Invented in 1962
• Need to view the information on VDU instead printouts
• It used in computers for visualizing the image or present the image in visual
form.
HCI
• It allows the user to view computer output and action performed instantly
on the screen.
• Either by LCD/CRT
3. Programming toolkits
• Invented in 1963
• Douglas Engelbart had the idea that the computer should not be used
only for data processing .It will also augment/perceive human
capabilities.
• Right toolkit to solve a problem
• It’s the era in which programmers are capable of building the complex
interactive system.
• Programming with interaction objects
• Widgets, gadgets
• Building blocks for programmers to produce complex systems
4. Personal computing
• Invented in 1970
• It’s the more powerful and easier for the user
• A system that is designed for one person
• Programming language LOGO
• Its size capabilities and price make it feasible for user
5. Window systems and the WIMP interface
• Invented in 1973
• Xerox was the first commercial windows System
• Interaction based on windows, icons, menus and pointers – the WIMP
interface – is now commonplace.
• Humans were stating multiple task at a time
6. The Metaphor
• Data in computer is represented in alternate ways
• Items similar to real life for example recycle bin
• It enhanced graphics alert
• Easy to teach and learn
HCI
• We can shape any form in data metaphor basically means that relating
computers to other real word activity: for example we do file
management in MS office or we do financial analysis on spreadsheet.
7. Direct Manipulation
• Ben Shneiderman describe graphical based interaction such as we do
dragging things
• Visibility of object
• Invented in 1982
• Incremental actions and rapid feedback
• Replace language with action
• Reverse action
8. Language versus action
• Actions don’t speak loudly than words
• People were highly involved in programming they were write for any sort of
action to be performed
• Programming by example is both a action and language
9. Hypertext
• The text that reference to hyperlinks with immediate access
• Vannevar Bush describe it the key to success in managing the explosion
of information
• Then 1960 nelson describe it as non linear browsing structure
• 1980s Hypertext
• Footnotes ,definitions ,explanations
10. Multi-modality
• By means multiple relations
• A mode is referring to human commination channel
• So the basic idea multimodality is used multiple channels for input and
output at the same time
• Touch,Sight,Hearing
11. Computer-supported cooperative work
HCI
• Computer network
• Huge Cooperation’s were made such as software houses that support
cooperative work
• Sharing of resources
• Clients and Server
• Email
12. The world wide web
• HTTP and HTML were developed for publishing accessing data
• Built on top of internet
• On that time it was possible to transfer data for one place to other using
www
• It connects whole world to communicate
• TCP/IP
•
• Web http
• URLs
• Hypertext (HTML)
• Browsers
13. Agent-based interfaces
• In the human world agents are people who work on someone’s behalf:
estate agents buy and sell property for their customers.
• Software agents likewise act on behalf of users within the electronic
world. Examples include email agents which filter your mail for you and
web crawlers (piece of software) which search the World Wide Web for
documents you might find interesting.
• Agents can perform repetitive tasks, watch and respond to events when
the user is not present and even learn from the user’s own actions

14. Ubiquitous computing


• The most profound technologies are those that disappear
• Not a conventional computer
HCI
• In 1991 Mark weiser said that computer should be shrink and distributes to
the physical world
• Watches, microwave, Mobiles, Laptops
15. Sensor-based and context-aware interaction
• Such system that automatically sensing physical environment such as
light temperature.
• No need of explicitly telling the computer
• Turning on the lights, sensor based doors ,washbasins
• Intelligence

Conclusion
The problem with these paradigms is that they are rarely well defined. It is
not always clear how they support a user in accomplishing some tasks. As a
result, it is entirely possible that repeated use of some paradigm will not
result in the design of a more usable system.

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