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23 views4 pages

Exp 1

Uploaded by

affanuddinfaruki
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EDC

Expe

Aim: To draw the input and output characteristics of common


emitter configuration.
Procedure: - Procedure:
1. Open Multisim:
o Launch the software and create a new circuit
schematic.
2. Place Components:
o Add an NPN transistor (e.g., 2N2222), two resistors (RB
and RC), a DC power supply (Vcc), ground, and
ammeters/voltmeters.
3. Connect the Circuit:
o Connect the base of the transistor to RB, which goes to
the base voltage (Vbb).
o Connect the collector to RC, then to the positive
terminal of Vcc.
o Ground the emitter.
o Insert ammeters in series with the base and collector to
measure Ib and Ic.
o Place voltmeters to measure Vbe and Vce.
4. Biasing:
o Set Vbb and Vcc to appropriate values to keep the
transistor in the active region for the experiment.
Running the Simulation:
a. Input Characteristics (Ib vs. Vbe at constant Vce):
 Fix the collector-emitter voltage (Vce) to a constant
value (e.g., 10V).
 Vary the base voltage (Vbb) in small increments (e.g.,
0.1V).
 Record the corresponding base current (Ib) and base-
emitter voltage (Vbe) at each step.
 Plot Ib as a function of Vbe to obtain the input characteristic
curve.
b. Output Characteristics (Ic vs. Vce at constant Ib):
 Set a constant base current (Ib) by adjusting the base
voltage.
 Vary the collector-emitter voltage (Vce) in small steps
(e.g., 1V).
 Record the collector current (Ic) and collector-emitter
voltage (Vce) at each step.
 Repeat the process for different base currents (Ib values) to
observe the output behavior.
 Plot Ic as a function of Vce for each Ib value to obtain the
output characteristic curve.

Theory :- In electronics, configuration refers to how


components, particularly transistors, are connected in a circuit.
The term is often used in relation to transistors, where different
configurations affect how signals are amplified or processed. For a
bipolar junction transistor (BJT), there are three common
configurations.
There are three types of configuration
1) CE(common emitter)
2) CB(common base)
3) CC(common collector)
What is Biasing?
Biasing in transistor circuits refers to setting up the DC operating
point of the transistor to ensure that it operates in the desired
region (e.g., active region) of its characteristic curves. Proper
biasing is crucial to ensure that the transistor functions correctly
as an amplifier or switch.
In the context of BJT (bipolar junction transistor) circuits,
biasing establishes the required base-emitter voltage (Vbe)
and collector-emitter voltage (Vce) to control the current flow
through the transistor. The biasing conditions affect the
transistor’s mode of operation: cut-off, active, or saturation.
Why is Biasing Important?
1. Stable Operation: Biasing keeps the transistor in the
desired operating region regardless of variations in
temperature or component tolerances.
2. Amplification: For amplifiers, biasing ensures the transistor
remains in the active region, where it can linearly amplify
signals.
3. Switching: In switching applications, biasing helps the
transistor switch between the cut-off region (off) and
saturation region (on).

Parameter Common Common Common


emitter base collector
Configuration Emitter is Base is Collector is
common to common to common to
both input and both input and both input and
output output output
Input Signal Base Emitter Base
Applied to
Output Signal Collector Collector Emitter
Taken from
Voltage Gain High High Low(less than
unity)
Current gain High Low (less than High
unity)
Advantage of CE over CB & CC
1) High Voltage and Current Gain:
CE offers both voltage and current gain, making it ideal for signal
amplification, unlike CC (only current gain) and CB (only voltage
gain).
2) Moderate Input and Output Impedance:
CE's moderate input/output impedance makes it suitable for most
signal sources and loads, while CB has low input impedance and
CC has low output impedance.
3) Phase Inversion:
CE introduces a 180° phase shift, useful for implementing
negative feedback, which improves stability and reduces
distortion, unlike CB and CC.
4) Versatility:
CE is versatile for both low- and high-frequency applications,
while CB is limited to high-frequency use and CC is mainly for
impedance matching.
5) Efficient Power Amplification:
CE provides high power gain, efficiently amplifying weak signals,
whereas CB and CC are less efficient for power amplification.

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