RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING®

(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

Open Source Simulation Lab (MCN431L)

Report On

Traffic Control Model for an Information-Centric Networking with

IoT Wireless Sensors

Submitted by
Kiran U (1RV23SCN07)
Lohith (1RV23SCN08)

Under the guidance of

Dr. Sandhya S
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE
RV College of Engineering ®
Bengaluru - 560059

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

COMPUTER NETWORK ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING
2023-24
 RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING®
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING
Bengaluru– 560059

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project work titled “Traffic Control Model for an Information-Centric
Networking with IoT Wireless Sensors” carried out by Kiran U, USN: 1RV23SCN07 and
Lohith, USN: 1RV23SCN08, a bonafide student, submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of
Master of Technology in Computer Network Engineering of RV College of Engineering®,
Bengaluru, affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year
2023-24. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been
approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in respect of project work prescribed for the said
degree.

Dr. Sandhya S Dr. Ramakanth Kumar P

Assistant Professor, Prof. & Head of Department
Department of CSE, Department of CSE,
RVCE, Bangalore – 59 RVCE, Bengaluru–59

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1. Signature with Date
2.
 RV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING®
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING
Bengaluru– 560059

DECLARATION
We, Kiran U and Lohith, students of second semester M-Tech in Computer Network
Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV College of
Engineering®, Bengaluru, declare that the Open Source Simulation Lab Project with title “ Traffic
Control Model for an Information-Centric Networking with IoT Wireless Sensors”, has been
carried out by us. It has been submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of degree in Master of
Technology in Computer Network Engineering of RV College of Engineering®, Bengaluru,
affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the academic year 2023-24.
The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted to any other university or institution for
the award of any other degree or diploma.

Date of Submission: 11-09-2024 Signature of the Student

Student Name: Kiran U.

Lohith.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

RV College of Engineering®,
Bengaluru-560059
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are indebted to Rashtreeya Sikshana Samithi Trust, Bengaluru for providing us with all the
facilities needed for the successful completion of Open Source Simulation Lab Project work at
Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering (RVCE) during the tenure of our Course.

We would like to thank Dr. K N Subramanya, Principal, for giving us an opportunity to be a

part of RVCE and for his timely help and encouragement during the tenure of Open Source
Simulation Lab Project.

We are greatly thankful to Dr. Ramakanth Kumar P., Professor and Head, Dept. of CSE for
his motivation and constant support during our tenure of Open Source Simulation Lab Project.

We are greatly thankful to Dr. Nagaraja G S., Professor and Associate Dean, Dept. of CSE
for his constant support during our tenure of Open Source Simulation Lab Project.

We take this opportunity to convey my sincere gratitude to my internal guide Dr. Sandhya S,
Assistant Professor, Dept of CSE, her advice, support and valuable suggestions that helped us
to accomplish the Open Source Simulation Lab Project in time.

We extend our thanks to all who have directly or indirectly extended their constant support for
successful completion of our Open Source Simulation Lab Project.

Names : Kiran U.
Lohith.

USN’s : 1RV23SCN07.
1RV23SCN08.
 CONTENT

SL. Topic Page No.

No
1 Introduction 05

2 Related Work 06

3 Project Requirements

3.1 Hardware Requirements Specifications 07

3.2 Software Requirements Specifications 08

3.3 Functional and Non- Functional 09

Requirements
4 Topology proposed

4.1 System design 10

4.2 Data Flow Diagram 11

4.3 Accumulative Popularity-based Delay Time 12

5 Conclusion 13

6 References 14

LIST OF FIGURES

SL
FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.
NO.

Fig. 4.1.1 Hierarchical Network Structure

1 10
indicating Interest packet drop rate.

Fig. 4.2.2 Flow chart of the Accumulative

2 11
popularity-based delay time algorithm.
 1. Introduction

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to an exponential increase
in data generation, necessitating efficient and reliable data dissemination mechanisms. Traditional
IP-based networking struggles to handle the dynamic and data-centric nature of IoT environments.
ICN offers a promising solution by shifting the focus from host-centric communication to content-
centric communication. In ICN, data is accessed by its name rather than its location, enabling
in-network caching, efficient data retrieval, and better resource utilization. Integrating ICN
principles with IoT wireless sensors can significantly enhance data dissemination, reduce latency,
and improve overall network performance. However, the design and evaluation of effective traffic
control mechanisms in such a network require a robust simulation framework to analyze key
performance metrics and optimize network operations.
This project aims to develop a simulation framework for a traffic control model in an
ICN integrated with IoT wireless sensors using NS-3 and ndnSIM. The implementation
involves setting up a network topology with sensor and ICN nodes, installing the NDN stack, and
configuring a best-route forwarding strategy. Hierarchical data naming and in-network caching
are employed to streamline data retrieval processes. Custom forwarding strategies are developed
to address Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and prioritize traffic based on its importance.
Security measures, including encryption and access control, are incorporated to protect sensitive
data. Performance optimization focuses on load balancing and latency reduction through refined
network topology and forwarding strategies. The simulation collectsdata on latency, throughput,
and packet loss, which is then analyzed using Python and visualization tools like matplotlib.
This comprehensive framework facilitates the evaluation of traffic control mechanisms,
demonstrating the potential of ICN in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of IoT networks.

Department of CSE Page 5

 2. Related Work
ICN is a FI architecture aimed at realizing efficient content distribution using in-network
caching and named data. Typically, ICN can provide the requested data for the consumer by
serving a valid replica of the content from the content node (ICN Router) rather than directly
from the original content source/server as of the host-centric Internet architecture. Since
each content is identified by a unique content name, ICN allows the network components to
realize content requests and then aggregate the same content requests with the same name
for bandwidth optimization [5].
Additionally, various caching policies can also be used to improve ICN performance, such
as caching and routing schemes in the ICN system [6]. In ICN, congestion control is very
important because a large number of content requests from consumers can cause network
congestion. This issue is even more challenging in the case of WSN where the exchanged
messages between sensors and servers can generate high traffic, which is the main cause of
high congestion rates. Hence, the congestion control technique is the key to recovering the
network from the congestion state [7].
To diminish the congestion rate in ICN systems, various caching mechanisms have been
proposed in the literature. In [8], a hop-by-hop congestion control policy was proposed to
prevent network congestion by setting the maximum and minimum interest rates threshold
between users and ICN nodes. Also, in [9], a congestion-aware caching scheme was
proposed to decide whether a content should be cached or
evicted.
Nevertheless, a few studies utilizing the WSNs system have been proposed to deal with
congestion control in the ICN system. For example, authors in [10] surveyed data integration
techniques in sensor networks.
The previously introduced the congestion control method for sensor networking in [11],
whereas the work in [12] focused more on energy efficiency. These studies can reduce the
congestion rate in the ICN system; however, further work still needs to be conducted to
improve network performance. In this research, unlike the prior study, we propose the
accumulative popularity-based delay time for forwarding policy and introduce the
consecutive chunks-based segment cache management policy to diminish the congestion
rate in ICN.

Department of CSE Page 6

 3. Project Requirements

3.1 Hardware Requirements Specifications

➢ Processor (CPU):
Type: Multi-core processor (e.g., Intel Core i5 or AMD Ryzen 5).
Cores: At least 4 cores.
Clock Speed: 2.5 GHz or higher.

➢ Memory (RAM):

Capacity: At least 8 GB of RAM.

Recommended: 16 GB or more for larger simulations.

➢ Storage

Type: Solid State Drive (SSD).

Capacity: At least 256 GB.
➢ Graphics:

Type: Integrated GPU is generally sufficient.

➢ Network Interface:

Type: Standard Ethernet or Wi-Fi adapter.

Department of CSE Page 7

 3.2 Software Requirements Specifications

➢ Linux:

Distribution: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS or later, CentOS, Fedora, or Debian.

Reasoning: NS-3 is best supported on Linux systems, and most dependencies

are readily available and maintained on Linux distributions.

➢ NS-3 Simulator

Version: NS-3.35 or later.

Download: NS-3 Official website

Features: Supports various network models, including ICN/NDN, and offers

extensivetools for traffic analysis, mobility modeling, and energy modeling.

➢ ndnSIM Module

Version: ndnSIM 2.8 or later.

Description: ndnSIM is a module for NS-3 that provides tools for simulating
NamedData Networking (NDN), a key implementation of ICN.

Department of CSE Page 8

 3.3 Functional and Non- Functional Requirements

➢ Functional Requirements
• Traffic Control Model Implementation
• IoT Sensor Data Simulation
• Network Topology and Configuration
• Performance Metrics and Data Collection
• Error Handling and Fault Tolerance
• Simulation Control and Configuration
➢ Non-Functional Requirements
• Performance
• Usability
• Reliability
• Maintainability
• Portability
• Security

Department of CSE Page 9

 4.TOPOLOGY PROPOSED APPROACH FOR CONGESTION
CONTROL MODEL IN ICN
4.1. System Design

Fig.4.1.1. Hierarchical Network Structure indicating Interest packet drop rate.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, A hierarchical network topology has been chosen as the network
scenario in this paper. The goal is to enable this network to function as a conduit for
communication between an ICN system server, ICN routers (content nodes), and IoT wireless
sensors. Every ICN content node is assumed to possess every NDN node feature. The three
primary NDN components of each ICN node are typically the Pending Interest Table (PIT)
for forwarding, the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for storing cache, and the Content
Store (CS) for caching. Customers use the NDN system to transmit Interest packets to
producers, who then deliver the corresponding Data packets bearing the same name as the
requested material.

Next, by storing content using a chunk-based cache management method and transmitting
all data packets with an accumulative popularity-based delay time, we present an efficient
congestion control technique for effective communications.
Department of CSE Page 10
In particular, this approach seeks to lower network congestion rate and simultaneously improve
network performance by reducing traffic load according to content relevance and ICN nodes.

4.2. Data Flow Diagram

Fig.4.2.1. Flow chart of the Accumulative popularity-based delay time algorithm.

The flowchart Fig.2 illustrates a process for handling data packets based on content popularity
in an Information-Centric Network (ICN) environment. It starts with the server sending an
Interest packet, which includes the content's popularity level, to the appropriate sensor.

Department of CSE Page 11

 Producers then determine the data packets' popularity level and classify them into three
categories: non-popular, popular, and most popular.

4.3. ACCUMULATIVE POPULARITY-BASED DELAY TIME

In the IoT sensor-enabled ICN system, deploy congestion management applications to lower
the traffic load. The matching content producer (a sensor with matched request data) will supply
the requested content based on its popularity when the sensors get the Interest packet.

In order to mitigate the flooding issue of the wireless sensor-based Internet of Things in ICN,
whereby an enormous volume of packets may escalate the rate of congestion, we employ
accumulative content popularity-based delay time for packet transmission. Let ‘dk’ be theamount
of time that a Content Router (CR) ‘k’ hops away from the sensors needs to transmit a data
packet. The following formula is used to get the delay time value:

1) A content's delay time is determined as follows if it falls under the most popular content
class: Delay = 0

2) If a particular piece of content is part of a popular content class, the following is how its
delay time is determined:

{𝑑1 = 𝑏𝑑

𝑑𝑘 = 0 (1 < 𝑘 < 𝑁)

3) Content is non popular one:

where ‘bd’ is the base value of delay time ‘N’ is the distance from the sensor to the data
center/server (total number of layers). ‘dpu’ is the delay unit for a specific content corresponding
to its popularity level.

{ 𝑑1 = 𝑏𝑑

𝑑𝑛 = 𝑑𝑛−1+(𝑁−1) 𝑑𝑝𝑢 𝑁

Department of CSE Page 12

 5. Conclusion

The NDNSIM, a popular ICN simulator (ns-3 based NDN simulator), is used to simulate a
network scenario as illustrated in Fig. 1, in order to assess and analyse the suggested network
model. The Zipf distribution is employed for the content popularity distribution model, where
α= 1 represents the Alpha value of 1. Additionally, the proposal uses the forwarding strategy
specified in Section III, which is the accumulative popularity-based delay transmission time
(with bd = 10 ms).

The interest packet drop rate variation of various network designs is shown by the cumulative
popularity-based delay time algorithm. According to the outcome, when compared to other ICN
systems, the suggested ICN experiences the least amount of congestion due to Interest
packet drop rates. This is because, as stated in Section III, the suggested ICN design transmits
data content based on the cumulative popularity-based delay time.

Department of CSE Page 13

 6. References

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Communications (NCC), Mumbai, India, 2015, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/NCC.2015.7084921.
[2] G. Xylomenos et al., "A Survey of Information-Centric Networking Research," in IEEE
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