INSTALLATION GUIDE

Escuelas Linux 8.9

Escuelas Linux 8.9 1

 INSTALLATION GUIDE

Version 8.9

By Alejandro Díaz Infante, 2024

Table of Contents
1. Requirements.....................................................................................................................................................................5
2. Download a suitable edition of Escuelas Linux..............................................................................................................6
3. Process the ISO image...................................................................................................................................................... 8
4. Hard disk partitioning...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Steps to create free hard disk space for Linux, in computers with Windows XP installed...............................................................................9
Steps to create free hard disk space for Linux in computers with Windows Vista, 7, 8, 10 or 11..................................................................10

5. Determine if your computer is UEFI or Legacy............................................................................................................16

6. Boot Escuelas Linux on computers with Windows 8, 10 or 11 as a UEFI system.......................................................19
7. Boot Escuelas Linux in Legacy mode............................................................................................................................ 25
Boot process in computers with Windows XP, Vista, and 7, even in computers with Windows 8, 10 or 11 that ARE NOT UEFI systems...25

8. Escuelas Linux installation............................................................................................................................................ 27

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 a) Setup procedure on computers that have Windows XP..............................................................................................................................32
b) Setup procedure for computers that have Windows Vista or Windows 7 to 11.......................................................................................... 34
c) Setup procedure for computers in which there is already some Linux system...........................................................................................37

9. Fixing possible issues..................................................................................................................................................... 47

- When the computer is turned on, it goes directly to Windows, without letting you choose “Escuelas Linux”.......................................47
- When accessing the first line of the boot menu (Escuelas Linux), it stays “frozen,” and not doing anything........................................49
- After the computer restart, still appears the “Instalar Escuelas Linux” icon:.......................................................................................... 50

10. Switch to Escuelas Linux English edition...................................................................................................................53

11. Deactivate “System Setup” or “Windows Recovery” from the GRUB menu.............................................................57
12. Change password, or have it asked to access the system.............................................................................................59
13. Reactivate hidden icons on the dock............................................................................................................................ 60
14. Restore the desktop or the default state of all programs............................................................................................. 61
15. Theme activation...........................................................................................................................................................63
16. Commit permanent changes to the Escuelas Linux default desktop..........................................................................65
17. Wi-Fi use....................................................................................................................................................................... 67
18. Connect external projectors..........................................................................................................................................68
19. Making good use of the screen.....................................................................................................................................69
Out of screen or too-big dialog boxes............................................................................................................................................................. 70

20. Installation on a virtual machine................................................................................................................................. 71

20a. Installation on VMware...........................................................................................................................................................................72
20b. Installation on UTM................................................................................................................................................................................ 86
20c. Installation on VirtualBox....................................................................................................................................................................... 88

21. Configure Veyon on Escuelas Linux........................................................................................................................... 97

22. Installation of Escuelas Linux LowMem...................................................................................................................100
I. Requirements..............................................................................................................................................................................................100
II. Initial procedure....................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
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 III. Installation of the Escuelas Linux packages through the command line................................................................................................101

23. Activate Bluetooth support.........................................................................................................................................106

24. Activate keyboard layout switcher.............................................................................................................................. 108
25. Downgrade or upgrade your Linux kernel on 32-bit................................................................................................ 110

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1. Requirements

Escuelas Linux can be installed on computers with at least 40 GB of free hard disk space. It shouldn’t be installed on computers with less
than 512 MB of RAM. The specific edition of Escuelas Linux that you should download depends on the RAM amount and/or the Windows
version that a computer has.

How to know how much RAM a computer has?

To find that in Windows XP:

1. Open the Control Panel.

2. Double-click the System icon.

3. On the General tab, it displays the amount of RAM installed.

To find it in Windows 7 and Vista:

1. Press the Windows key, type Properties, and then press Enter.

2. In the System Properties window, the Installed memory (RAM) entry displays RAM's total amount installed in the computer.

For Windows 8, 10 and 11:

1. Press the Windows key, type ram, and select the View RAM info option in the search results.

2. In the System Properties window, look for "Installed memory (RAM)" in Windows 8 or "Installed RAM" in Windows 10 and 11.

On each procedure, you can also confirm which Windows version you are using. Once you know the amount of RAM and the Windows
version, you can choose which Escuelas Linux edition would be suitable to download.

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2. Download a suitable edition of Escuelas Linux

If your computer has between 512 and 700 MB of RAM, or if our standard 32-bit ISO image did not work for you:

Follow the steps documented in the section “Installation of Escuelas Linux LowMem” on page 100.

If the computer has more than 700 MB of RAM, it requires you to download a Escuelas Linux ISO image, available at https://source-
forge.net/p/escuelaslinux/files in either its 32-bit or 64-bit architectures.

When you choose an ISO image, you should consider RAM’s amount on the computer and/or its Windows version.

If the computer has more than 700 MB of RAM and less than 3 GB:

Get Escuelas Linux 32-bit, accessing the folder escuelaslinux-8.9-espanol-32. However, if a computer has Windows 8, 10 or 11 factory pre-
installed as a UEFI system, you should access the escuelaslinux-8.9-espanol-64 folder, even when the computer has less than 3 GB of RAM
(for example, 2 GB). Don't worry! We will show you how to convert an installed Escuelas Linux from Spanish to English language later in
this guide.

To know if your Windows 8/10/11 is a UEFI system or not, read the instructions on page 16.

If a computer has more than 3 GB of RAM:

Go to the folder escuelaslinux-8.9-espanol-64. Don't worry! We will show you how to convert an installed Escuelas Linux from Spanish to
English language later in this guide.

Note: In the past, we had dedicated English-language ISOs for both 32-bit and 64-bit. Unfortunately, SourceForge claimed that we were
using a lot of storage, and if we did not select which files to remove, they would remove the files themselves. In this situation, we made
the painful decision to remove the English language ISOs and replace them with a leaner package to switch from Spanish to English. We

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sincerely apologize for this additional hurdle.

Once you access the suitable folder (32 or 64-bit), you may notice that each has two files, one with a .z01 and the other one with a .zip ex-
tension. You’ll need to download both files.

Once you have downloaded both files, do the steps required in your operating system to decompress ONLY the file with the .zip exten-
sion. If you do this in Windows or Escuelas Linux systems, you will obtain a big ISO file, named escuelaslinux-8.9-espanol...iso.

Note: some Windows systems are configured to hide the file extensions, so the two downloaded files appear with the same name, and you
could not know which one has the .zip extension and which one has the .z01. If this is a problem, search on the Internet how to show
known extensions for the file manager on the Windows version you are using.

On macOS, you would need to download an app named The Unarchiver, and uncompress ONLY the file with the .z01 extension.

If at other Linux distributions you can’t uncompress the .zip on your file manager to obtain the .iso image, then you should open a termi-
nal and type the following commands:

cd {path and folder name where the zip and z01 files are located} [enter]

zip -s- escuelaslinux*zip -O todo.zip [enter]

unzip todo.zip [enter]

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3. Process the ISO image
You should process your selected ISO image to an 8 GB USB stick. You could use a USB stick with more storage capacity, but doing so
would waste the free space available, as the USB stick could only be used to install Escuelas Linux.

Note: because of the current size of Escuelas Linux, it is no longer possible to use CDs to install. Furthermore, in our previous versions, we
recommended using the Unetbootin app to process ISO images to USB sticks, but from our 6.0 version, you should not use that app, as it
has ceased to work fine for our purposes.

Remember that your USB stick's contents will be entirely erased when using the suggested app to process the ISO image, so you should
not keep any important file in it.

If you already have Escuelas Linux installed

Open Menu → Applications → Utilities → Balena Etcher

If you have Windows or macOS

Download and use Balena Etcher, available at https://www.balena.io/etcher/

Once in Etcher, choose the ISO image you want to process, as well as the 8 GB USB stick in which you want to put the Escuelas Linux ISO.

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4. Hard disk partitioning
Note: The steps described in this section are only for computers without a Linux operating system installed. It is assumed that you want
to have both operating systems: Windows and Linux. If you already have a Linux system that you wish to replace with Escuelas Linux, do
the steps described on page 19 if you have a UEFI system, or on page 25 if your system is Legacy. Then follow the steps documented from
28 to 32.

To install Escuelas Linux is necessary to reduce the Windows partition size to create free hard disk space for the Linux partition.

Steps to create free hard disk space for Linux, in computers with Windows XP installed
The procedure to shrink a partition on Windows XP is mostly safe, but sometimes it could destroy the Windows partition and the files on
it, so we’d suggest back up important files to avoid data loss. If possible, have available a Windows XP setup CD and other programs that
a user wants to have reinstalled if needed.

Do the following preparations on Windows XP:

1. Click the “Start” button, select “Accessories,” and next, choose “Command prompt.”

2. Type chkdsk /f, and to the question that appears, click Y (Yes).

3. Restart the computer, and wait to finish the disk check until you enter Windows again.

4. Once you returned to Windows, shut down the computer, put the Escuelas Linux USB stick, and go to page 25.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 9

Steps to create free hard disk space for Linux in computers with Windows Vista, 7, 8, 10 or 11
1. If a computer has Windows Vista or Windows 7, click on the Start button, and then click with the right/alternate mouse button on
the “Computer” word, choose “Manage.”

2. If a computer has Windows 8, go to the Desktop...

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On Windows 8, 10 or 11, click on the Windows File Manager icon.

Click with the right/alternate mouse button on “This PC,” and choose “Manage.” On Windows 11 you may need to click first on “Show
more options” to have the “Manage” entry visible on the next right/alternate click on “This PC.”

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2. Click on “Disk management” and choose the main or the bigger Windows partition (it usually has the letter C:)

Escuelas Linux 8.9 12

3. Click with the right/alternate mouse button on the Windows partition, and choose “Shrink Volume...”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 13

4. At the dialog box, type the amount in MB that you wish to reduce from the Windows partition. The minimal amount is around 40,000
MB (40 GB.) If possible, we’d suggest using half of the total hard disk space.

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5. Once you have free, not assigned space on your hard disk, close all the open programs in Windows, put the Escuelas Linux USB stick,
and reboot the computer.

Note: If Windows offers you a tiny hard disk space when you ask it to resize its partition (even when you have enough free hard disk
space), we suggest the use of EaseUS Partition Master, available at https://www.easeus.com/partition-manager/epm-free.html

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5. Determine if your computer is UEFI or Legacy

If a computer has Windows XP, Vista, or 7, it is Legacy system; you can go right now to page 25.

If a computer has Windows 8, 10 or 11, you’ll need to verify what it is.

Check if your computer is Legacy or UEFI

On Windows, click on the “Shutdown” button

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While pressing SHIFT key, click on “Restart.”

Click on “Troubleshoot.”

Next, click on “Advanced Options.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 17

Next, click on “UEFI Firmware Settings” (if your computer does not have that option, shut it down and do the procedures documented
from page 25)

Click on the “Restart” button.

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6. Boot Escuelas Linux on computers with Windows 8, 10 or 11 as a UEFI system
Note: You can ONLY do this procedure with the 64-bit edition of Escuelas Linux. The 32-bit edition is not adequate for this procedure.

At restart, a dialog may appear to configure your UEFI computer, and it is different among computer brands. In this example (an HP
model), we chose “BIOS Setup”…

Escuelas Linux 8.9 19

In the “Security” menu, choose “Secure Boot Configuration.”

Next, we put at “Disable” the option “Secure boot.” This action should be enough for most cases but, if you try to boot Escuelas Linux
and does not work, you may try the following additional steps.

You could make sure that “Legacy compatibility” is disabled. In other BIOS, make sure that any option related to “Legacy Mode” is dis-
abled. In other BIOS the legacy compatibility is named “OS Mode Selection,” in which you should make sure it is set to “UEFI OS.” Also, in
some BIOS the option “Protected Signatures” should be put to “Disabled.”

In other BIOS could be necessary to do some additional steps:

Escuelas Linux 8.9 20

Choose the option Key Management, still having Enabled the “Secure Boot” option.

Choose “Clear Secure Boot Keys.” Next, you can now set Secure Boot to “Disabled.”

On some BIOS in which the Secure Boot option is set to “enabled,” but you cannot change that setting, it could be necessary to assign an
admin password to disable the secure boot setting.

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Next, put the Escuelas Linux boot USB stick, and save the changes on the BIOS. (In the computer brand we use as an example, it is on the
menu “File” → “Save Changes and Exit.”

At computer restart, click once or several times the key on your computer that lets you choose a boot device, just when the computer
brand's logo is visible.

On computers varies which one is the boot device key. Here are some typical examples:

HP F9
Dell F12
Asus F8
Lenovo F12

Note: if you don’t know which is the key that lets you select a booting device, in Windows 8 or higher you can insert the Escuelas Linux
USB stick, maintain pressed the SHIFT key while clicking on “Restart,” then click on “Use a device” to select your USB stick as the boot
option.

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On the HP computer used here as an example, the key is F9. In this model will appear a message asking you to type four random numbers
and press the [enter] key to confirm that you want to boot without Secure Boot enabled.

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Choose the device with which you want to boot your computer. In the example shown above, we selected a USB stick of the KINGSTON
brand that includes the word UEFI. This USB stick was previously prepared for booting with the procedure described on page 8.

If a screen like the one shown above appears, with only black and white colors, that means that your USB stick has been correctly de-
tected as a UEFI boot device. You can select “UEFI Prueba Escuelas Linux” (“UEFI Try Escuelas Linux.”) If a screen with several colors ap-
pears, that means that your USB stick has been detected in CSM or Legacy mode, which is not useful to boot computers with UEFI prein-
stalled Windows 8, 10 or 11. You should check again the boot options to solve this issue, mainly check that you select a USB booting de-
vice that includes the word “UEFI” as part of its name.

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7. Boot Escuelas Linux in Legacy mode
Boot process in computers with Windows XP, Vista, and 7, even in computers with Windows 8, 10 or 11 that ARE
NOT UEFI systems
1. Place your Escuelas Linux USB stick in your computer, and turn it on. When appears the brand logo of your computer, press once
or many times your boot key. Some standard boot keys are:

HP F9
Dell F12
Asus F8
Lenovo F12
These are not the only boot keys and can even change from one model to another of the same manufacturer.

For the 64-bit edition:

2. If the boot key lets you choose your USB stick, a screen like the one shown below will appear. You can boot a live session with
“Legacy/BIOS Prueba Escuelas Linux” (“Legacy/BIOS Try Escuelas Linux”)

Note: if a black background screen with only white characters appears, it means that you are booting in UEFI mode. You should turn your
computer off and then turn it on, this time choosing, after pressing the boot key, an option for your USB stick that has not the word “UEFI.”
If you are not sure about your computer is Legacy or UEFI, check that by following the procedure shown on page 16.

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For the 32-bit edition:
The following screen will appear. You should select “Comenzar Escuelas Linux” (“Start Escuelas Linux”)

Either on the 32-bit or the 64-bit editions, if you find a problem launching the graphical environment, reboot and choose “Modo Seguro”
(“Safe Graphics Mode” for 64-bit or “Modo compatibilidad” (“Compatibility mode” for 32-bit). If that does not work either, reboot and
while having selected the first item of the menu, press the TAB key, delete the two final hyphens, type nomodeset and then [enter]

After a few seconds, the Escuelas Linux installer will start.

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8. Escuelas Linux installation

If you accessed via “UEFI Try Escuelas Linux” or with the “Boot/Start Escuelas Linux” Legacy menu, you would see a screen like the one
shown above.

Click only once on “Instalar Escuelas Linux” (“Install Escuelas Linux”, the icon at the bottom of the screen with the disk and a purple ar-
row). It can take a little while to open the installation program; please be patient. If the “Install Escuelas Linux” icon is not visible, click on
the desktop and select Applications → System → Instalar Escuelas Linux.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 27

 When the installer opens, select any English language variant in the popup menu and click on the “Next” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 28

 Click on your geographical zone, then on the “Next” button.

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Select the layout of your keyboard, then on the “Next” button to continue.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 30

If you have a computer with Windows XP, choose “Install alongside,” click on the “Next” button, and go to the following page of this Man-
ual.

If you have a computer with Windows Vista or Windows 7 to 11, select “Install alongside” click “Next” and go to page 34.

If you have a computer with another Linux distribution previously installed, and you want to remove it, pick “Manual partitioning” click
on “Next” and go to page 37.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 31

a) Setup procedure on computers that have Windows XP
Note: there is a slight risk of losing Windows XP, so if you have important files and hadn’t backup them, it’s better to click on the “Can-
cel” button to abort this process, and backup your data.

Click on the “Current” bar. When you do it, the “After” bar would suggest how to partition the disk. The minimal size required for Escue-
las Linux is 40 GB, but we recommend letting the system have around half of the space available for Windows, and the other half for Es -
cuelas Linux.

Click on the “Next” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 32

A summary of the selected installation options appears. Click on “Install” and go to page 46.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 33

b) Setup procedure for computers that have Windows Vista or Windows 7 to 11

Click on “Replace a partition”, and then on the “Current” bar, click on the gray half located to the right.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 34

On the “After” bar will appear in red color the space reserved for Escuelas Linux. Click on the “Next” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 35

A summary appears showing all the selected configurations. Click on the “Install” button and go to page 46.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 36

c) Setup procedure for computers in which there is already some Linux system
Note: this procedure erases the data on the Linux partition. If you have important files in that partition, cancel this procedure by clicking
on the “Cancel” button, start your Linux system already installed, and backup your files to restore them later.

Click on “Manual partitioning,” then on the “Next” button.

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Click on the partition that has an “ext4” File System, then on the “Delete” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 38

This creates a “Free Space” section. Click on it and next on the “Create” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 39

If there is no swap partition on your 32-bit system (a sort of virtual memory), you should calculate its size to create it later. If your system
is a 64-bit one, merely follow the steps described about the EXT4 partition and skip the swap-related ones.

To create the Swap partition, open Terminology (the icon with a black screen at the right in the dock) and type free [enter]. This
would show you the total amount of RAM in your system. The example shown above has 2051428, that is, around 2 GB.

We should round that amount. If you have 1 GB, that means that you have 1024 MB; if you have 2 GB, you would have 2048 MB.

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In this example, we have an ext4 partition with 40956 MB. We should have some free space for the swap partition, at the same size as the
available RAM. As we have here 2 GB of RAM, then 409256 – 2048 = 38908.

In this example, we set to 32958 the partition size, then we set the File System to “ext4”, and the Mount Point to “/”. Click “OK”.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 41

Again click on the “Free Space” that is left, and click on the “Create” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 42

On the free space left available on disk (2048 MB in this example), set the file system to “linuxswap”, and mark the “swap” flag. Click on
“OK”, and then on the “Next” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 43

The advice message shown above might appear. Click on the “OK” button.

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Appears a summary of the selected configurations. Click on the “Install” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 45

When copying and configuration is over, click on the “Done” button.

Note: after restarting, on some systems may only once appear a screen asking the user password. The password is the word linux. You can
type it, or restart the system to get rid of that screen.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 46

9. Fixing possible issues

When turning the computer on, a menu should appear similar to the one shown above (it could initially appear as “Ubuntu” or “Debian”).
You should be able to access now your Linux system. In the screenshot shown above, the Windows OS's access is done by pressing the
down arrow key until the fifth line, and press [enter] on the line where it says “Windows...” However, things are not always that simple...

- WHEN T H E C O M P U T E R I S T U R N E D O N , I T G O E S D I R E C T LY T O WINDOWS, WITHOUT

LETTING YOU CHOOSE “ESCUELAS LINUX”

We are aware of two possible solutions:

1. Go to your computer BIOS (for example, in HP computers the key is F10 when is just turned on and the HP logo is visible. Other com -
puter brands have other BIOS access key, such as F2 or DEL). At the boot order section, put in the first place the one named “ubuntu,” for
example:

Escuelas Linux 8.9 47

Save the changes done in the BIOS. When rebooting your computer, should appear the boot menu. Select the one in which is wri tten
“Windows...” and once in Windows, reboot your computer. If once again appear the menu to select your OS, the problem is fixed. Select
“Escuelas Linux” and continue the installation procedure from page 57.

2. If once again you entered Windows without being able to select Linux, you could do the following steps on a UEFI system:

Note: the steps shown below could change from one computer model to another. Do them at your own risk, and be aware that you could
end up with a system without Windows or Linux access if something fails.

In Windows OS, press the sequence Windows key+X, and in the menu that appears, select “Command prompt admin.”

Type the following command, as shown below, with uppercase and lowercase letters:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi [Enter]

If you are using Windows 10 or 11 with PowerShell, you’ll need to type apostrophes around the bootmgr word, as shown:

bcdedit /set ‘{bootmgr}’ path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi [Enter]

Note: If you are using an HP 1105, 19 or 205, power off your computer, turn it on, and when the HP logo appears, promptly press F9.
Choose “ubuntu” as the UEFI device to boot. It will cause the appearance of an error message, one about failing to load a boot disk.
Don’t worry, press CTRL-ALT-DEL to reboot the computer and, once again, press F9 when the HP logo appears. Now select

Escuelas Linux 8.9 48

“Windows Boot Manager.” The GRUB menu (that is, the menu that lets you pick which operating system you want to use) should
appear and appear now in every boot of your computer.

Reboot your computer. The boot menu should be visible. Select “Ubuntu” or “Escuelas Linux.”

If a message appears saying that the computer could not find a device to boot, turn off your computer, access your BIOS, and in the boot
order put in the first place the one that says “ubuntu.” For example:

Save the changes and reboot your computer. Should appear the boot menu.

- WHEN ACCESSING THE FIRST LINE OF THE BOOT MENU (ESCUELAS LINUX), I T S TAY S
“FROZEN,” AND NOT DOING ANYTHING.
One possible cause (even without selecting the “Escuelas Linux” menu) is that the USB boot stick is still in the computer. Remove it and
boot your computer again.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 49

If that does not solve the problem, go to your computer BIOS (for example, in the HP computers, the key is F10 when it is turning on and
the HP logo is visible. In some other brands, the BIOS key is F2). Find some option named “Fast Boot” or “Fast Bios Mode,” disable it and
save the changes.

- AFTER T H E C O M P U T E R R E S T A R T, S T I L L A P P E A R S T H E “INSTALAR ESCUELAS LINUX”

ICON:

That means that your computer is reading again from your booting USB, as it would be the first device to boot by default. If so, click on
the “Power Off”. Once your computer shut down, remove your USB stick, and turn on your computer again, to be able to boot from your
hard disk.- If you don’t see the GRUB

On some computers happens that, after turning them on, appear a message from the display with an error message, such as “Out of
Range,” “Input not supported,” etc. After a few seconds, it will boot Linux, but without letting you see the GRUB menu (that is, the menu
that enables you to select if you want to boot either Linux or Windows). In such cases, you should do the following steps:

Open Terminology

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sudo su [Enter]

Type your password [Enter]

cd /etc/default/ [Enter]

leafpad grub [Enter]

On the line that says:

#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

Please change it to say

GRUB_GFXMODE=text

Click File → Save, and close Leafpad.

Next, on the Terminology window already opened, type this command:

update-grub [Enter]

The above steps should fix the problem.

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If this error message appears:

Do not worry. It is a harmless message that may appear on the first boot of an installed system. Just click on the Close button, and that
message will not appear again.

If you end with a system similar to the one shown above... It’s all right! You installed Escuelas Linux successfully. But the folders in the
home directory and several app would still be in Spanish language. Let’s solve that!

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10. Switch to Escuelas Linux English edition
When the computer reboots, you will have a working Escuelas Linux system installed, but it still uses Spanish language. If you intend to
use the English edition of Escuelas Linux, do the following steps.

1. Go to https://sourceforge.net/projects/escuelaslinux/files/ and access either escuelaslinux-8.8-english-32 or escuelaslinux-8.8-english-64,

depending if your installed system is 32 or 64-bit.

2. Download the escuelasLinux-8.9-english-??.tar.gz package.

3. In this example, we will assume that you downloaded the English language package using either Firefox or Chrome/Chromium in your
recently installed Escuelas Linux system. If you did so, the package will be located in the “Descargas” (Downloads) folder.

Note: if you intend to use the downloaded .tar.gz package for other computers, we’d suggest copying that compressed file to a USB stick
or external hard disk; the current home user directory is going to be completely erased and replaced by an all-English language one, eras -
ing the downloaded .tar.gz package too.

4. Open at the Dock the “Gestor de Archivos” (File Manager)

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5. Go to the “Descargas” (Downloads) directory, and right/alternate click on the tar.gz package. Choose “Extraer aquí” (Extract here)

6. Once the contents of the .tar.gz package are extracted, double-click on the “escuelasLinux-8.9-english-??” folder that appears, and then
double-click on the InstallEscuelasLinux icon.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 54

A dialog box will appear:

5. Click on the “Ejecutar” (Execute) button to run the program.

6. Next, click on the “Install Now!” button.

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7. Type the word linux, and click “OK.”

In this way, the installation of Escuelas Linux English edition will begin. The computer will reboot automatically when the process fin-
ishes.

When you finish installing the Escuelas Linux English language package, if you end with a system that looks similar to the one shown in
the screenshot above... Congratulations! You successfully installed it.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 56

11. Deactivate “System Setup” or “Windows Recovery” from the GRUB menu
In all computers with Windows installed, the GRUB menu will appear, which lets you choose which operating system you would like to
boot.

However, in UEFI computers also appears in the GRUB menu an option named “System setup,” which is a program to access your com -
puter BIOS. To avoid potential dangers -mainly in public access settings- we recommend removing that menu entry to prevent that some-
body could easily access your BIOS.

Do the following steps::

Open Terminology

cd /boot/grub/ [Enter]

sudo leafpad grub.cfg [Enter]

Type your password [Enter]

A window will open showing some lines.

Find the line that says “System setup,” and type the # character at the beginning. Next, type that character at the beginning of the next
two lines, as shown below.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 57

Click on File → Save, and close Leafpad and Terminology. With those steps, the “System setup” entry will not appear in the GRUB menu.

If in your grub.cfg file there is an entry named “Windows Recovery,” you should comment it too, because the access to that entry with the
GRUB menu could be dangerous, as it not only restores Windows, could also delete the Linux partition and the GRUB info. The result
would be that access to Windows or Linux would be no longer possible.

Locate the line that has “Windows Recovery…” and put the # symbol from that line to the } character, as shown here:

Escuelas Linux 8.9 58

12. Change password, or have it asked to access the system

The default password in Escuelas Linux is the word linux. To change it:

1. Open Terminology

2. Type passwd [enter] (no characters are going to be visible, it is normal)

3. Type the current password linux [enter]

4. Type your new password [enter]

5. Type again your new password [enter]

If you want Escuelas Linux to ask for a password to be able to access the system:

1. Open Terminology

2. Type cd /etc/lightdm [enter]

3. Type sudo leafpad lightdm.conf [enter]

4. Type your password [enter]

5. Delete the word linux located at the line autologin-user

6. Click File → Save, close Leafpad and Terminology

Escuelas Linux 8.9 59

13. Reactivate hidden icons on the dock

Sometimes the icons on the dock could get hidden, but the apps are still there, and you can click on its space to open the associated pro -
gram. Nevertheless, you could not see some icons, only empty spaces on the dock. To fix that, run Menu → Applications → System →
Restore Icons. This app runs some internal steps required to restore the lost icons.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 60

14. Restore the desktop or the default state of all programs
Linux is an ideal operating system for public environments because a user can only modify and do whatever he/she wants in his/her own
home folder -named linux in Escuelas Linux-. All the files and folders elsewhere are protected, so you don’t have to worry for changes
that caused a problem (assuming, of course, that your own admin password is not flying around.)

However, some students modify the desktop, delete folders or configuration files in his/her own account, or sometimes the students could
change the appearance of some programs’ functions drastically, leaving them partially or entirely unusable.

What to do in those cases? Very simple:

If some user changes the Escuelas Linux desktop, you only need to restart the computer to restore the default desktop. It's that simple.

Note: the Escuelas Linux desktop or theme can be modified in any way while it is in use, but it comes back to its original state on every
computer restart. If you wish that your users could be able to modify the desktop as they please -and get those changes preserved-, open
Menu → Applications → System → Unlock Desktop

If later, after you decided to unlock the Escuelas Linux desktop, you determine that you want the default desktop back again, open Menu →
Applications → System → Lock Desktop

Escuelas Linux 8.9 61

What we talked about on the previous page is only about the desktop. But, if a user changes any program (LibreOffice, GIMP, Firefox,
etc.), those changes are preserved, even after restarting the computer. When you need to restore the programs or apps to their original
state, open Menu → Applications → System → RestoreUser.

In this way, you can run our app that let you restore all the programs to our default state without deleting the files previously created by
the users. This action only takes some seconds and avoids a lot of headaches for the administrators of computer classrooms. If something
is wrong or misconfigured in any program, merely run RestoreUser; there is no need to find who did something or to know which config-
uration was modified.

If you are going to start a new school cycle, you don’t need to go to every folder to find and delete the files created by the former users. In
this case, you can run Menu → Applications → System → ReinstateUser, to automatically delete all the files created by the former users
and, at the same time, restore all programs to their default state, as if Escuelas Linux was just installed.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 62

15. Theme activation

You can dress your Desktop in different ways, using themes.

Open Menu → Settings → Theme

Choose any theme that you like, and click “Apply” to see it in action.

You can also pick your own desktop image. Click on menu → Settings → Wallpaper...

Escuelas Linux 8.9 63

And click on “Use Theme Wallpaper.” You can choose any image you want, either the ones included in the system (and viewable on
the left of this dialog box), or select your own image; in that case, you should click on the “Personal” button and select it from the
“Picture...” button.

We should mention that the changes you made will not be preserved. When the computer reboots, the system will be back to its
original state because Escuelas Linux has a default configuration for public environments. You can use “Unlock Desktop” (as seen on
page 65) if you desire no restrictions for anyone to modify the desktop. Go to the next page if you want to know how to apply your
own changes to the desktop and decide if you want your users to be able to do permanent changes on your custom desktop.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 64

16. Commit permanent changes to the Escuelas Linux default desktop

If you desire any change to the default desktop environment (for example, which apps should appear in the dock, your own wallpaper, the
theme, the icon set used, etc.), there are two possible ways:

a) If the computer is private and not used by the public:

Open Menu → Applications → System → Unlock Desktop. Click on the “Unlock” button, type your password, and press OK. Close this
app when finished. This procedure will make permanent any change you do in Moksha, our desktop environment.

b) If a computer is for public access, and you'd like to preserve the custom changes you made -but not letting other users apply permanent
changes on the desktop-, there is a solution: use our app Commit Desktop Changes, located at menu → Applications → System:

Escuelas Linux 8.9 65

In this way, the recent changes to the desktop would be permanent, and the changes on the desktop made subsequently by other users
would disappear when the computer restarts.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 66

17. Wi-Fi use

1. Click on the network icon located near the upper right.

2. Will appear the Wi-Fi networks available. Click on the one you’d like to use, and type your Wi-Fi access password.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 67

18. Connect external projectors
This section describes how to connect from a computer to a VGA external projector, although the procedure is very similar to connect any
other external display device.

We suggest plugging the devices when they're still off and turn on the external projector first; after that, turn on the computer.

If the default resolution is not adequate, you can click on menu → Applications → Settings → LXRandR (Monitor settings). Click on the
“Advanced” tab, if available.

Choose your best screen resolution, taking care that both devices (such as laptops and external projectors) have the same screen resolu -
tion if you want to see the same on both devices. For example, a typical screen resolution for a 4:3 display still is "1024 x 768". The best one
for a 1080p display is 1920 x 1080. At "Position," you can use options such as "On left" or "On right" to make independent screens appear,
or you can select the "Default" position in all screens to project the same.

If you changed the screen resolution and the Moksha Desktop is misadjusted or moved, click on Menu → About the Operating System →
Reset Moksha, to refresh and adjust the graphical interface. We also suggest opening the menu → Applications → Settings → ARandR, if
you need an app capable of more advanced or custom options. When you click on its Layout → Moksha menu, you can even save your
chosen configuration without the hassle of having to do it every time you enter Escuelas Linux. You can always remove or change your
saved configuration on the /home/linux/.e/e/applications/startup/startupcommands file.

Don’t forget to open Menu → Applications → System → Commit Desktop Changes, to make permanent the changes on a locked desk-
top.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 68

19. Making good use of the screen
In Escuelas Linux, if you maximize a window, it will occupy all the screen, which in our opinion it lets you focus at the program being
used.

If you want to use another program, you could unmaximize the window to open the menu, which will appear when you click on the desk -
top. However, you can use other more practical methods to open the apps:

1. If you move the mouse cursor all the way down to the bottom part of the screen, in the middle, the dock will appear, showing the
selected apps, ready to be opened.

2. When you have more than one program opened on the same desktop, you can use ALT-TAB to bring any open app to the front.
3. You can use CTRL-ALT-[Right key] or CTRL-ALT-[Left key] to move around in any of the 12 virtual desktops available.

4. You can open the menu and choose “Quick Launcher” to type the first letters of the program you would like to launch in the Vir -
tual Desktop you are.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 69

Out of screen or too-big dialog boxes
When you use an open or save dialog box in LiveCode it is shown outside the screen's borders. In some cases those dialog boxes are
shown too big.

If this happens, you can maintain pressed the ALT key and, with the mouse cursor above the dialog box, drag it below to see it all. You can
also resize the dialog box by moving it and dragging the cursor mouse on its edges. Once you have a dialog box on the desired size, it will
preserve that size the next time you use it.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 70

20. Installation on a virtual machine

Maybe some users could have some issues with the Escuelas Linux installation process: a complicated procedure on some Windows
8/10/11 computers, be afraid to mess something, have devices that are hard to configure, or even find that there are no Linux drivers for
some devices. In those scenarios could be useful to install Escuelas Linux inside a virtual machine (that is, to use special so ftware to run
Escuelas Linux as if it were an app inside a Windows or macOS system).

We document here how to setup Escuelas Linux on Vmware, UTM or VirtualBox, although it is also possible to use other virtualization
programs.

Note: the use of virtualization has two disadvantages: it requires a relatively new computer, capable of running two operating systems at
the same time and, if the host system (Windows or OS X) ran into some problem, making it unusable, the Escuelas Linux virtual machine
would be affected, too. Also, running in a virtual machine may be slower than running in a native setup.

Do I choose Vmware, UTM or VirtualBox?

VMware is a virtualization software that, at least in our experience, works faster and more efficiently than other alternatives, and it can be
used without cost in non-commercial settings. Nevertheless, it is closed source software, so it would not be suitable for environments in
which the use of Free and/or Open Source Software is mandatory.

UTM is an intuitive graphical interface of the QEMU app, but it is only available on Apple computers.

VirtualBox is an Open Source virtualization software, although it may not be as fast as VMware, and it is currently an asset from Oracle.
That corporation had some controversial confrontations with some Free Software communities.

The choice to use VMware, UTM or VirtualBox (or even other virtualization programs not documented here) is entirely up to you.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 71

20a. Installation on VMware

Download VMware Workstation (if you are using Windows or Linux) or Vmware Fusion (if you are using macOS for Intel)

1. Download an ISO image as requested on page 6.

2. Follow the steps documented at https://www.mikeroysoft.com/post/download-fusion-ws/

3. Download the VMware edition that matches the operating system you are using (Windows, Linux or MacOS) and, once the down -
load is complete, do the required steps to install VMware on your system. Remember that the use of VMware Workstation or Fu -
sion is free of cost for personal use.

Install Escuelas Linux on VMware Fusion for Intel-based MacOS

On the Virtual Machine Library, click on the “Add virtual machines and folders” and click “New...” You can bring the Library window by
clicking on Window → Virtual Machine Library; you can also create the virtual machine on File → New...

Select “Install from disc or image” and click “Continue.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 72

Click on “Use another disc or disc image...” and select the Escuelas Linux ISO image you want to use. Click on “Continue.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 73

Select “Debian 11” if you are using the 32-bit edition, or “Ubuntu 64” if you are using the 64-bit one. Click “Continue.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 74

Click on “Customize Settings.”

Type some name for your virtual machine (say, “escuelaslinux”) and click on the “Save” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 75

On “System Settings,” click on “Processors and memory.”

On “Processors,” decide the amount you would like to use for the virtual machine; we suggest using half of the total amount. You also can
leave the recommended amount of RAM, but remember that the minimal amount for Escuelas Linux 32-bit edition is 700 MB, and for a 64-
bit one is 2048 MB.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 76

Click on “Show All” and choose “USB & Bluetooth.” Click on “Advanced USB options,” in “USB Compatibility,” pick the USB version avail-
able on your computer. Generally speaking, if you have USB ports with a blue color input, they could be 3.0, otherwise, they could be 2.0

Pulse en “Show All” and choose “Display.” You can leave “Accelerate 3D Graphics” as is, if you have a GPU able to handle 3D protocols,
such as Mesa 3D. Next, close this window.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 77

Click on the Start button to begin the installation of Escuelas Linux.

Next, follow the steps from page 28. In any case, you should select “Erase disk” when that option appears; don’t worry, it means to erase
the virtual disk, not your computer’s hard disk.

When you use Escuelas Linux on VMware Fusion, you can make our system run in full-screen mode by pressing Ctrl-Cmd-Enter. To dis -
miss full-screen mode, you can press the same keys.

You can choose any screen resolution by merely dragging the borders of the window that displays our operating system.

If you need a specific screen resolution for your Escuelas Linux virtual machine, click on menu → Applications → Settings → ARandR.
When you click on Layout → Moksha, you can even save your chosen configuration without the hassle of having to do it every time you
enter Escuelas Linux. You can always remove or change your saved configuration on the /home/linux/.e/e/applications/startup/startup-
commands file.

Don’t forget to open Menu → Applications → System → Commit Desktop Changes, to make permanent on a locked desktop the changes
done with ArandR.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 78

Installation of Escuelas Linux on VMware Workstation for Windows or Linux

Click on “Create a New Virtual Machine”

You can leave selected “Typical (Recommended)” and click on the “Next” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 79

Click on “Use ISO image” and then on the “Browse…” button. You may need to move the “Browse” window to the right, as it could appear
below other VMware windows.

Choose the Escuelas Linux ISO image that you would use, click on the “Open” button, and then on the “Next” one.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 80

Select “Linux” and then select “Debian 11” if you are using a 32-bit image, or “Ubuntu 64-bit” if you are using a 64-bit one. Click on the
“Next” button.

Type a name for your virtual machine (for example, “Escuelas Linux”), and click on the “Next” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 81

Se the size of your virtual disk to at least 50 GB (50 000) for 64-bit, or 40 GB (40 000) for 32-bit. Click on the “Next” button.

Click on “Customize Hardware...”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 82

On the “Memory” section, you can use the suggested amount of RAM or specify your own. Remember that the minimal amount for Escue -
las Linux 32-bit is 700 MB, and the minimal amount for the 64-bit edition is 2 GB (2048 MB)

On “Processors,” pick the amount that you want to use for your virtual machine. It would be desirable to choose all the available proces -
sors in your system.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 83

On “USB Controller,” you should set the USB compatibility to the USB port version available on your computer. Generally speaking, if you
have USB ports with a blue input, they are 3.1, otherwise they might be 2.0 ports.

On “Display,” you can leave “Accelerate 3D Graphics” if you have a GPU capable of using 3D protocols, such as OpenGL. Click on the
“Close” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 84

Click on the “Finish” button.

All this should begin the installation of Escuelas Linux. Nevertheless, on some computers this could fail. If it shows an error message men -
tioning VT-x, you should access your computer BIOS, and activate VT-x. As the BIOS interfaces are different among computers, it’s a bit
difficult to say where you could find VT-x, but usually it is on the screen “Chipset,” “Northbridge,” “Advanced Chipset Control,” “Advanced
BIOS,” “Security” or “Advanced CPU Configuration.” You can look for “Intel VT-x” or other names such as “Virtualization extensions” or
“Virtualization technology.”

Next, follow the steps from page 28. In any case, you should select “Erase disk” when that option appears; don’t worry, it means to erase
the virtual disk, not your computer’s hard disk.

When you use Escuelas Linux on VMware Workstation, you can make our system run in full-screen mode by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Enter. To
dismiss full-screen mode, you can press the same keys.

You can choose any screen resolution by merely dragging the borders of the window that displays our operating system.

If you need a specific screen resolution for your Escuelas Linux virtual machine, click on menu → Applications → Settings → ARandR.
When you click on Layout → Moksha, you can even save your chosen configuration without the hassle of having to do it every time you
enter Escuelas Linux. You can always remove or change your saved configuration on the /home/linux/.e/e/applications/startup/startup-
commands file.

Don’t forget to open Menu → Applications → System → Commit Desktop Changes, to make permanent on a locked desktop the changes
done with ArandR.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 85

20b. Installation on UTM

Is it possible to run Escuelas Linux on Apple computers that have an M1 or M2 processor?

Of course!

Since November 2020, Apple computers include their own SoCs based on the ARM architecture. Since Escuelas Linux is a distribution de -
signed for x86 and x86-64, it might seem impossible or very complicated to execute this set of instructions on a different architecture. But
it is possible to do it with the open source program UTM.

UTM is a graphical interface to the QEMU virtualizer and emulator, making it easy to use.

In the following image we have Escuelas Linux 64-bit running without any issue inside UTM.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 86

The parameters that were used for this emulation are those shown in the following image:

We’d like to point that it is an emulation and not a virtualization, so Escuelas Linux is usable, but not particularly fast.

UTM can be downloaded from:

https://mac.getutm.app/

Escuelas Linux 8.9 87

20c. Installation on VirtualBox

Download VirtualBox

1. Download an ISO image as suggested on page 6.

2. Go to www.virtualbox.org and click on the “Downloads” link. To get our already included integration with VirtualBox Guest Utils,
we suggest that you click on "VirtualBox older builds", then on "VirtualBox 7.0", choose the 7.0.18 version if you intend to use our 64-bit
edition, or the 7.0.10 version if you intend to use our 32-bit edition. Next, select the OS and architecture where you want to use Virtual -
Box. Here we will show an example using VirtualBox in a Mac, so we downloaded “MacOS.”

We recommend also downloading the “Extension Pack,” to have better support for USB devices in our future virtual Escuelas Linux ma -
chine.

Once downloaded VirtualBox, run the setup file in your operating system. After installing, open VirtualBox.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 88

Install the Extension Pack, too. To do it, double-click on its file, the one with .extpack extension, previously downloaded.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 89

Install Escuelas Linux in VirtualBox

Click on the “New” button.

And configure your next virtual machine with the parameters as shown below. Pick “Debian 32-bit” or “Ubuntu 64-bit,” according to the
ISO architecture you downloaded. In this example we are using the 64-bit image. Click on the “Continue” button.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 90

A dialog box will appear, proposing an amount of RAM to be used by the virtual machine. You can accept the recommended amount, al -
though the minimum required by Escuelas Linux to run is 700 MB. For the 64-bit version, 2 GB or more would be suitable. Click on “Con -
tinue.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 91

Select “Create a virtual disk now,” and click on the “Create” button.

Select “VirtualBox Disk Image,” and click “Continue.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 92

Select “Dynamically allocated,” and click “Continue.”

Define a disk space of at least 50 GB for 64-bit, or 40 GB for 32-bit in your virtual machine, and click “Create.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 93

Click on the “Settings” button.

On “System,” “Processor,” pick the max amount of processors that your system would allow.

On “Ports,” “USB,” choose the USB version available on your computer. Click “OK.”

Escuelas Linux 8.9 94

Click on the “Start” button.

Click the button that has a folder icon, then “Add,” and select the ISO file you are going to use (“escuelalinux...iso”); it will be located in
the directory were you previously downloaded and processed those files, as requested on page 6.

Click the “Start” button.

This procedure should begin the installation of Escuelas Linux. Nevertheless, on some computers this could fail, and they could show an
error message that contains, among other lines, the following:

VT-x is disabled in the BIOS for all CPU modes (VERR_VMX_MSR_ALL_VMX_DISABLED)

or

VT-x is not available

If such an issue appears, you should access your computer BIOS and activate VT-x there. As each BIOS interface is different among com-
puters, it’s a bit difficult to say where you could find VT-x. Still, usually it is on the screens “Chipset,” “Northbridge,” “Advanced Chipset
Control,” “Advanced BIOS,” “Security” or “Advanced CPU Configuration.” You can also look for “Intel VT-x,” or other names such as “Vir-
tualization extensions” or “Virtualization technology.”

Note: During the use of VirtualBox will appear some popup messages at the top of the window. If you do not need to see those messages,
you can click on the icon of a dialog globe with a diagonal line to stop the appearance of those messages.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 95

Next, follow the steps shown from page 28. In any case, you should select “Erase disk” when that option appears -don’t worry, it means to
erase a virtual disk, not your computer’s real disk-.

If you installed Escuelas Linux 32-bit, you’ll also need to upgrade the Linux kernel to 6.1. Go to page 110 to know how to do it.

When you use Escuelas Linux on VirtualBox, you can make our system run in full-screen mode by pressing CMD key + F (in Mac sys -
tems) or right CTRL key + F (in Windows systems). To dismiss full-screen mode, you can press the same keys.

You can choose another screen resolution for your Escuelas Linux virtual machine when you click on menu → Applications → Se ttings
→ ARandR. When you click on Layout → Moksha, you can even save your chosen configuration without the hassle of having to do it ev -
ery time you enter Escuelas Linux. You can always remove or change your saved configuration on the /home/linux/.e/e/applications/
startup/startupcommands file.

Don’t forget to open Menu → Applications → System → Commit Desktop Changes, to make permanent on a locked desktop the changes
done with ArandR.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 96

21. Configure Veyon on Escuelas Linux

Veyon is a useful program for computer classrooms that have a local network because it lets you, among other things:

• See what’s going on in every student’s computer.

• Take remote control of the computers to help students.

• See a live demo of the procedures or presentations shown on any of the computers.

• Block one or some computers to attract the attention on the teacher.

• Send text messages to the students.

• Shut down all the computers from the server.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 97

In Escuelas Linux, setting up Veyon is easy.
First, you’ll need to install the Veyon software for the server, that is, the teacher or admin computer in which it is possible to have
control over the student computers.

1. Put the Escuelas Linux USB. Click on its icon to access its contents.

2. Open the veyonServer folder.

3. Double click on the veyonServer file. Click on the Execute button.

4. Assign a number for the CLASSROOM and click on the install button.
5. Reboot the computer when the app finishes.

When you finish these steps, you’ll have a working Veyon server available at Menu → Applications → Internet → Veyon Master.

Next, you need to do the following steps in the student computers that are going to be “clients”:

1. Put the Escuelas Linux USB. Click on its icon to access its contents.

2. Open the veyonClient folder.

3. Double click on the veyonClient file. Click on the Execute button.

4. Type a number for the classroom and for a computer. For example, classrom number 1 and computer number 3.

5. Click on the Assign button.

6. Reboot the computer when the app finishes.

In the above example, number 1 is the number of a computer classroom, and number 3 means a number for some computer (1-3).
Then, if you have 20 computers at computer classroom 1, it is necessary to assign one identifier to each computer in this notation; 1-
1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 … 1-20, or if you are configuring the computer students in a second classroom, the notation to each
one would be 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, etc.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 98

If a student computer is not visible on Veyon Master, you should check on the student monitor that an icon with an eye (The Veyon
logo) is visible around the upper right corner. If it is not there, you should click on the Power Off button → Close Session, and access
the system again to have the Veyon logo visible.
Finally, when you open Veyon Master in the computer that acts as the server, you should click on "Locations & computers,” and then
click on the "classroom" checkbox to activate all client computers' view. Alternatively, you could also click on individual computer
check boxes to select which ones you desire to see.

Note: The default configuration offered by Escuelas Linux is a classroom with 30 computers but, of course, at the server computer you
can add or eliminate client computers, by opening Menu → Applications → Internet → Veyon Configurator.

Escuelas Linux 8.9 99

22. Installation of Escuelas Linux LowMem
Escuelas Linux series 6 introduced the feature of running our distribution in Live USB mode, so anyone can try Escuelas Linux by merely
running it from a USB stick. Nevertheless, this feature had a collateral effect: additional RAM requirements. It was not possible anymore
to install Escuelas Linux in computers between 512 and 700 MB of RAM. To solve this issue, Escuelas Linux LowMem (Low Memory) is a
special 32-bit edition to be installed in low RAM computers, using the same “classical” procedure that was used in old Escuelas Linux ver -
sions.

I. Requirements
Escuelas Linux LowMem can be installed in relatively old computers with between 512 and 700 MB of RAM, even those with 1 GB but
that fails to install with our normal escuelaslinux-8.9-espanol-32.iso image. The computer must have at least 40 GB of free hard disk space.
It is not possible to install in computers with less than 512 MB of RAM.

Escuelas Linux LowMem installation requires four files:

• One bootable ISO image, named "escuelasLinux-8.9-arranqueMinimo-32.iso" (which means "escuelasLinux-8.9-minimalBoot-32.iso."

Don't worry; this LowMem edition has full English language support.) This image could be processed with the Balena Etcher app
(available at www.balena.io/etcher) to have a bootable USB stick of at least 2 GB (see page 8). Alternatively, you can process this
ISO image to get a bootable DVD (if you have Escuelas Linux already installed on some computer, that can be done with the K3B
app, using the menu Tools → Burn Image.) It is not possible anymore to create bootable CDs because of the ISO image's current
size.
• One compressed file, named escuelaslinux-8.9-32.tar.gz, is used to install and configure our package selection. This file must be
uncompressed to obtain the escuelaslinux-8.9-32 folder.
• The linux-8.9-32.tar.gz and software-8.9-32.tar.gz files, both files after downloaded, must be moved into the escuelaslinux-8.9-32
folder. The resulting escuelaslinux-8.9-32 folder must be copied to a USB stick or external hard disk with at least 5.5 GB of
available space.

These four files can be downloaded from https://sourceforge.net/projects/escuelaslinux/files/lowMem/

Escuelas Linux 8.9 100

II. Initial procedure
Do the booting and the initial installation in your computer, after you processed the escuelasLinux-8.9-arranqueMinimo-32.iso to
a USB stick or DVD. The installer icon is and the procedures are similar to the ones described in sections 4 to 8.

Once you have the minimal base system already installed on the computer hard disk, connect the USB stick or external hard disk; it
should have the “escuelaslinux-8.9-32” folder, obtained by decompressing the “escuelaslinux-8.9-32.tar.gz” file and moving the linux-8.9-
32.tar.gz and software-8.9-32.tar.gz files into it.

Click on any part of the desktop or in the menu icon with an arrow pointing up ( ), and select Sitios (Places) → (name of your USB
o external hard disk) to mount your installation medium. It would help if you not close the window that appears, which is a file manager.

III. Installation of the Escuelas Linux packages through the command line

Click on the Terminology icon ( ) or, if it is not visible, select menu → “Aplicaciones” → “Sistema” → “Terminology.” A black win -
dow will appear:

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Notice that at the top section of the file manager window is visible the path to the content of the USB stick or external hard disk. For ex -
ample, in our system, it looks like this:

It shows the word “media,” followed by the name of our device, “ADATA.” This means the path to the installation program is

/media/ADATA

Then, for this example, in Terminology we should type the following text, using uppercase and lowercase as shown:

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cd /media/ADATA/escuelaslinux-8.9-32 [Enter]

sudo bash ./execProg [Enter]

Type the password linux [Enter] (Remember that no text is going to be displayed while typing the password)

Of course, replace “ADATA” for the name of your own USB stick or external disk. For example, if your external disk were named “John,”
the first command line would be typed as:

cd /media/John/escuelaslinux-8.9-32 [Enter]

If the name of your USB stick or external disk has one or more spaces, you’ll need to put quotation marks enclosing the path. For example,
if an external disk is named “JOHN DOE,” the command line for that would be:

cd “/media/JOHN DOE/escuelaslinux-8.9-32”[Enter]

After you type sudo bash ./execProg will begin the packages installation and the custom Escuelas Linux configuration, a process
that could take around one hour. When this process finishes, a Spanish language message will appear: “Instalación de Escuelas Linux final-
izada” (The installation of Escuelas Linux has finished).

Next, restart your computer. A few moments after you did it, an image with some mountains should appear as the background.

Note: After restarting, on some systems appears a login screen only once. The password is the word linux. You can type it, or restart the
computer.
Note: if there is no mountains image as the background, open menu → Applications → System Tools → Restaura Íconos. Click on
the "Restaura Iconos" (Restore Icons) button, type the password and wait a few seconds. Reboot again when this app announces that
you can do it.

If the Escuelas Linux initial setup screen would appear again, in which the “Instalar Escuelas Linux” icon is visible at the bottom dock (the
fourth icon from left to right)…
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This means that your computer is reading from the boot DVD or USB stick; If this happened, click on the button located at the bottom
right and select "Power Off." Once your turn on the computer again, remove your boot DVD or USB stick, to boot from the hard disk.

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If you end with a system that looks like the one shown above... It’s all right! You already installed Escuelas Linux in its Spanish setup.
Now let’s switch the operating system to the English language. Go to page 53 to know how to do it.

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23. Activate Bluetooth support
Open menu → Settings → Settings Panel.

On the “Apps” tab, select “Startup Applications.”

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 Click on “Blueman Applet,” then click “Add,” press “OK,” next on “Close.”

If you have a locked desktop (which is the default state on Escuelas Linux), you will need to open menu → Applications → System →
Commit Desktop Changes, and use it to make permanent this change on your desktop.

Reboot the computer. A Bluetooth icon should appear on the upper right side of the screen, and you can use it to configure your Bluetooth
connections.

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24. Activate keyboard layout switcher

If you have more than one type of keyboard, it may be useful to have an access icon on the desktop, to easily choose the keyboard you
want to use.

Click on Menu → Settings → Modules, and in the "Utilities" tab click on the word "Keyboard", then click on the "Load" button.

This icon will appear near the top right corner. Click on it, choose "Settings" and add the keyboard layouts you want to switch between.

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Once added, you will be able to choose the keyboard layout you want by clicking on the icon near the top right corner.

If you have a locked Desktop - which is the default behavior in Escuelas Linux - you should then click on Applications → System →
Commit Desktop Changes, so that your new keyboard configuration is preserved and not deleted on the next reboot of your system.

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25. Downgrade or upgrade your Linux kernel on 32-bit

Escuelas Linux 32-bit uses the kernel 4.18 as default, to have better compatibility with old computers. But it also includes the 3.16 and 6.1
kernel packages to enable certain older or modern drivers respectively. To date, we are aware that kernel 3.16 is required to enable some
SiS video cards, as documented here:

https://sourceforge.net/p/escuelaslinux/blog/2019/03/how-to-configure-escuelas-linux-in-computers-with-sis-661-741-760-662-or-761-
video-cards/

And we are aware that kernel 6.1 is required to make Escuelas Linux 32- bit work fine with recent versions of VirtualBox.

Insert your Escuelas Linux USB stick, open Terminology and type:

cd /media/EscuelasLinux/kernel(type 3.16 or 6.1 depending if you want to downgrade or upgrade your kernel)[enter]

sudo bash ./instala[enter]

After the script finishes, you can reboot your computer to use the kernel just installed.

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