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Cloud_Computing_Overview_Brief_notes(Unit_1)

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TUSHAR AHUJA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Cloud Computing Overview - Unit I

1. Introduction to Cloud Computing


Cloud Computing refers to the delivery of computing services—servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet ('the
cloud'). This enables faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. Users
access these services through the web, avoiding the need for physical infrastructure.

2. Services of the Internet


The internet offers various services that form the foundation of cloud computing:

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over


the internet. Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): Delivers hardware and software tools, typically
needed for application development, over the internet. Example: Google App
Engine.
 Software as a Service (SaaS): Offers software applications over the internet, on a
subscription basis. Example: Google Workspace, Microsoft 365.
 Function as a Service (FaaS): Allows users to execute code in response to events
without the complexity of managing the infrastructure. Example: AWS Lambda.

3. Origins of Cloud Computing


Cloud computing has evolved from the early concepts of utility computing and distributed
computing:

 1960s: Concept of time-sharing emerged, allowing multiple users to share


computing resources.
 1990s: The rise of the internet and virtualization technologies laid the groundwork
for modern cloud computing.
 2000s: Companies like Amazon, Google, and Microsoft introduced cloud services,
making cloud computing widely accessible.

4. Cloud Components
Cloud computing is built upon several key components:

 Client: Devices that users use to access cloud services (e.g., laptops, smartphones).
 Data Center: A collection of servers where the cloud services are hosted.
 Distributed Servers: Servers that are geographically dispersed but function as a
single entity.
 Virtualization: Technology that allows for the creation of virtual instances of
hardware, enabling resource efficiency and scalability.

5. Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing


Cloud computing is defined by five essential characteristics:

1. On-demand self-service: Users can automatically provision computing capabilities


without human intervention from the service provider.
2. Broad network access: Cloud services are accessible over the network through
standard mechanisms, promoting use across various devices.
3. Resource pooling: Computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers
using a multi-tenant model, with resources dynamically assigned based on demand.
4. Rapid elasticity: Cloud services can be quickly scaled up or down according to
demand, providing the illusion of infinite resources.
5. Measured service: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use
by leveraging a metering capability, typically on a pay-per-use basis.

6. On-Demand Self-Service
On-demand self-service allows users to access cloud resources as needed without requiring
human intervention from the service provider. Examples include provisioning virtual
machines, storage, and network resources via a web-based interface or API. This feature
enhances flexibility and speeds up the deployment process, which is critical for modern
businesses.

7. The Vision of Cloud Computing


The vision of cloud computing is to provide computing resources as a utility, similar to
electricity or water. This vision includes:

 Ubiquitous access: Cloud resources are available anywhere, anytime, on any


device.
 Scalability: Organizations can scale their computing resources seamlessly in
response to changing demands.
 Cost-efficiency: Cloud computing reduces the need for large upfront investments
in IT infrastructure, allowing businesses to pay only for what they use.
8. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Key characteristics that define cloud computing include:

 Scalability and Elasticity: The ability to scale resources up or down according to


demand.
 Multi-tenancy: Multiple users share the same infrastructure while maintaining data
isolation and privacy.
 Service Models: The cloud provides services at different layers (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS),
offering flexibility for users depending on their needs.

9. Benefits of Cloud Computing


Benefits of adopting cloud computing for organizations include:

 Cost Savings: Reduced capital expenditure on hardware and software, lower


operational costs.
 Flexibility: Ability to quickly adapt to changing business needs and demands.
 Disaster Recovery: Cloud providers often offer built-in disaster recovery solutions,
ensuring business continuity.
 Automatic Updates: Cloud providers regularly update their services with new
features and security patches.

10. Challenges Ahead in Cloud Computing


Challenges associated with cloud computing include:

 Security and Privacy: Concerns about data breaches, compliance, and privacy in
the cloud.
 Downtime: Although cloud providers strive for high availability, outages can occur,
disrupting services.
 Vendor Lock-in: Moving data and applications between different cloud providers
can be complex and costly.
 Regulatory Compliance: Navigating different regulations and compliance
requirements across regions can be challenging.

11. Future Trends and Challenges


Future trends and challenges in cloud computing include:

 Edge Computing: Moving computation closer to the data source to reduce latency.
 Hybrid Cloud Solutions: Combining public and private clouds for greater flexibility
and security.
 AI and Machine Learning Integration: Leveraging cloud platforms to deploy and
scale AI/ML models.
 Sustainability: Focus on reducing the environmental impact of cloud data centers.

• Flexibility and Agility:

- Businesses can quickly adapt to changing market conditions by scaling resources up or


down as needed, fostering innovation and responsiveness.

• Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity:

- Cloud providers often offer built-in disaster recovery solutions, ensuring that businesses
can quickly recover from unexpected outages or data loss.

• Automatic Updates:

- Cloud providers regularly update their services with new features and security patches,
ensuring that users always have access to the latest technology.

10. Challenges Ahead in Cloud Computing


Potential Challenges:

• Security and Privacy:

- As more data is stored in the cloud, concerns about data breaches, compliance with
regulations, and protecting user privacy become more prominent.

• Downtime:

- Although cloud providers aim for high availability, outages can still occur, potentially
disrupting business operations.

• Vendor Lock-in:

- Moving data and applications between different cloud providers can be complex and
costly, making it difficult for businesses to switch providers or opt for multi-cloud
strategies.

• Regulatory Compliance:

- Different regions have varying regulations regarding data storage and processing,
making it challenging for businesses operating globally to ensure compliance.
11. Future Trends and Challenges
Emerging Trends:

• Edge Computing:

- Moving computation and data processing closer to the data source to reduce latency and
improve response times, particularly in IoT and real-time applications.

• Hybrid Cloud Solutions:

- Combining public and private cloud environments to achieve a balance between


scalability, security, and control.

• AI and Machine Learning Integration:

- Cloud platforms will continue to integrate AI/ML tools, allowing businesses to leverage
these technologies without needing specialized hardware or software.

• Sustainability and Green Computing:

- As concerns about environmental impact grow, cloud providers are focusing on reducing
energy consumption in data centers and utilizing renewable energy sources.

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