12 th video

Example: Two identical positive charges Q each are

fixed at a distance of ‘2a’ apart from each other.
Another point charge q0 with mass ‘m’ is placed at
midpoint between two fixed charges. For a small
displacement along the line joining the fixed charges, the
charge q0 executes SHM. The time period of oscillation of charge q0 will be

Let the ¿ charge is displaaced by distance X towards ¿ , then

kQ q 0 kQ q 0
F restoring= −
( a−x ) ( a+ x )2 2

[( ]
1 1
¿ kQ q 0 −
) ( )
2 2
x x
a2 1− a2 1+
a a

kQ q 0
∗4 x
[( ) ( ) ] [ ]
−2 −2 2
kQ q 0 x x kQ q0 2x 2x a 4 kQ q 0 x
¿ 2
1− − 1+ =¿ 2
1+ −1+ = = 3
a a a a a a a a

4 kQ q0 x
F restoring= 3
(SHM )
a
2
m ω x=
a
4 kQ q 0 x
2π
T
=ω=
3
4 kQ q0
ma
→3
√
√ 4 π ε 0 m a3
√
4 π 2∗4 π ε 0 ma 3
√
4 π 3 ε 0 m a3
√
3
ma
T =2 π =2 π = =
4 kQ q0 4 kQ q0 4 Q q0 Q q0

Electric Field due to Annular Ring: (Not for Boards)

arc length dl
d ∅= = → dl=R d ∅
radius R

dq=λ dl=λ R d ∅

Kdq K λ R d ∅ K λ d ∅
dE= = =
R
2
R
2
R

θ /2
Kλ
Etotal =∫ dE cos ∅ = ∫ d ∅ cos ∅
−θ / 2 R

[ ( ) ( )] [ ( ) ( )]
θ/2
Kλ
∫ Kλ
[ sin ∅ ]−θ /2= Kλ sin θ −sin −θ = Kλ sin θ + sin θ
θ /2
¿ cos ∅ d ∅ =
R −θ /2 R R 2 2 R 2 2

Etotal =
2 Kλ
R [ ( )]
sin
θ
2
→This is Electric field at anglebisector

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Positive charge of Ring → Electric field away

Negative charge of Ring → Electric field →s

Important cases:

Semi-circular wire (length : ꙥR ) Quarter Ring (length :ꙥR/2)

λ θ λ λ θ λ
EI =2 K sin =2 K I =2 K sin =√ 2 K
R 2 R R 2 R
Also Also
2 KQ π 2 KQ 4 KQ π
sin = ¿ sin
πR
2
2 π R2 πR
2
4
2 √ 2 KQ
¿
πR ²

Q λ π Q π KQ
λ 1= I 1=2 K sin =2 K sin =
π .2 R 2R 2 2 R.π 2R 2 2 πR ²

Q λ π M π 2 KQ
λ 2= I 2=2 K sin =2 K sin =
π .R R 2 R . πR 2 πR ²

λ θ 2 KQ KQ 3 KQ ^
I =2 K sin I =I 2−I 1= − = (− j )
R 2 πR
2
2 π R 2 πR ²
2

Electric Charge due to thread

θ1=angle of one end ¿ perpendicular

θ2=angle of other end ¿ perpendicular

Horizontal Component:

| Kλr ( cos θ 2−cos θ 1)|

Vertical Component:
Kλ
( sin θ 2+ sinθ 1 )
r
Infinite Wire Semi-Infinite Wire

Kλ Kλ Kλ ⃗
E =⃗
E x + ⃗y
E x= ( cos 90 º −cos 90 º )=0 E x= ( cos 0 º−cos 90 º )=
r r r Kλ
Kλ 2 Kλ Kλ Kλ ¿√2
E y= ( sin 90 º +sin 90 º ) = E y= ( sin 0º +sin 90 º ) = r
r r r r

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 λ θ λ 90 √ 2 Kλ E=0
E=2 K sin =2 K sin =
R 2 R 2 r

Example: An electron of mass m is revolving around the wire at fixed radius r with
constant speed. Find time period.

kλ
Electric field of infinite wire=2
r
Linear charge density of wire= λ
2k λe
Force of attraction between electron∧wire=F=eE=
r
2 k λe 2
Electronis∈continuos motion , so centripetel force required , → =mr ω
r

→
√ 2 k λe
m r2
=ω=
2π
T
→T =2 π
√mr 2
2 k λe

Elecrtic field due ¿ each wire is

Kλ
E x= ( cos 6 0 º−cos 60 º )=0
r

( sin 60º +sin 60 º )= √

Kλ 3 Kλ 6 Kλ
E y= =
r r l

Vertical components of each wire cancel out eah

other, so result is zero.

Example: Find electric field at point O.

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 λ θ
E=2 K sin
R 2
λ 120
¿2 K sin
R 2
2 Kλ √ 3
¿
R 2
9 KQ √ 3
¿
2 π R2
λ θ λ 180
E=2 K sin =2 K sin
R 2 R 2

λ λ 2 KQ
¿2 K sin 90=2 K =
R R π R2

2∗2 KQ 4 KQ
ET = 2
= 2
πR πR

Example: Draw E/r graph for +q and +q

Example: Draw E/r graph for q and +2 q

Example: Draw E/r graph for –q and + q

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Example: Draw E/r graph for –q and + 2q

General Case: E min distance

Let the distance of Emin =x ¿ smaller charge

KQ KnQ dE KQ(−2) KnQ (−2 ) (−1 ) 1 n

E= + → =0= + →− 3 + =0
x
2
( d −x ) 2
dx x
3
( d−x ) 3
x ( d−x )
3

( )
1
1 n1 /3 d
→ = → d−x= n 3 x → x= 1
x d−x
n 3 +1

Note: n is greater than 1

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