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Inverting Amplifier Configuration of An Operational Amplifier

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29 views12 pages

Inverting Amplifier Configuration of An Operational Amplifier

Uploaded by

Juvelyn Moreno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inverting Amplifier

Configuration of an
Operational Amplifier
What is an operational amplifier (Op-Amp)?
• An Op-Amp is a high-gain voltage amplifier with differential inputs
and a single-ended output. It is used in various signal processing
applications.
What are the rules of an ideal Op-Amp?

• Infinite input impedance: No current flows into the input


terminals.
• Zero output impedance: The Op-Amp can drive any load.
• Virtual short concept: The voltage at the inverting and non-
inverting terminals is equal when negative feedback is applied.
These rules simplify circuit analysis and help design predictable circuits.
What is the difference between open-loop and
closed-loop configurations?
Open-loop: The Op-Amp operates without feedback.
• The gain is extremely high (theoretical value is infinite), but it is unstable and not
practical for most applications.
Where:
Vin = input voltage or signal
Vout = Output voltage or signal

→ 𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡= 𝐴 𝑜𝑙 (𝑉 𝑖𝑛 )
Closed-loop:

• Negative feedback stabilizes the gain and makes it predictable.

• The inverting amplifier operates in this mode to achieve stable


amplification.
What is an inverting
amplifier?
• An inverting amplifier is a configuration where the input signal is
applied to the inverting terminal of the Op-Amp, resulting in an
output signal that is both inverted (180° out of phase) and amplified.
• The inverting amplifier uses negative feedback to stabilize its
operation.
•Ri (Input Resitor) = Controls the current flowing into the inverting input of the op-amp. Setting the gain
(amplification factor) of the circuit.
•Rf (Input Resitor) = Forms a feedback loop that determines the gain of the amplifier.
Works with Ri to set the closed-loop gain, calculated as:
•Vi (Input Voltage/Signal)
•Vout (Amplified Output Voltage/Signal)

The negative sign indicates that the output signal is inverted.


Formula for voltage output/output signal:
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =( 𝐴𝑣 )(𝑉 𝑖𝑛 )
𝑅𝑓
𝑉 𝑜𝑢𝑡 =(− )(𝑉 𝑖𝑛 )
𝑅𝑖
Key Characteristics of an Inverting Amplifier:

• The output is inverted relative to the input.

• The gain is determined by the feedback resistor and input resistor.


• It has a high input impedance at the non-inverting terminal (ideal
case).
• It provides a predictable and stable gain in the linear region.
What are the practical uses of an inverting
amplifier?
• Signal inversion (e.g., flipping the polarity of a signal).
• Audio signal processing (e.g., mixers, filters).
• Analog computation (e.g., subtraction circuits).
• Instrumentation (e.g., measuring small signals)
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
►Predictable gain determined by resistors.
► High linearity and accuracy in the linear region.
► Can be designed for a wide range of gains.
Disadvantages
►Requires precise resistor values for accurate gain.
► Bandwidth and performance depend on the Op-Amp used.
Multisim Screenshot

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