04

4-1
1

[ ]={ 0, 1, };

[ ]

int score_array[4] = {85, 92, 88, 96};

) score_array
) score_array[0]85
) score_array[1]92

IT加油站
0
4 0, 1, 2, 3

4-1

string animals[7] = {"", "", "", "", " ", "", ""};
 CHAPTER 04

1, 2, ..., 7
0, 1, ..., 6

4-1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

) animals
) animals[0]
) animals[1]
) animals[2]

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 int score_array[4] = {85, 92, 88, 96};
8 string animals[7] = {"" , "" , "" , "" , " ", "" , "" };
9
10 cout << score_array[0] << " " << score_array[2] << endl;
11 cout << animals[2] << " " << animals[6] << endl;
12
13 return 0;
14 }

執行結果

85 88

63
 程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 int score_array[4] = {85, 92, 88, 96};
7 int x = score_array[0]; // x85
8 cout << x << endl;
9
10 score_array[0] = 95; // score_array[95, 92, 88, 96]
11 x = score_array[0]; // x95
12 cout << x << endl;
13
14 return 0;
15 }

執行結果

85
95

C++

[ ][ ]={
{ 0 },
{ 1 },
{ 2 },

[ ][ ]

64
 CHAPTER 04

C++ 4-2

string animals_2d[2][3] = {
{"", "", ""},
{"", " ", ""}
};

4-2

0 1 2
0

0 1 2
1

) animals_2d
) animals_2d[0]

) animals_2d[0][0]
) animals_2d[0][1]

程式碼
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 int num_2d_array[3][3] = {
8 {1, 2, 3},
9 {4, 5, 6},
10 {7, 8, 9}
11 };

65
 12 string animals_2d[2][3] = {
13 {"" , "" , "" },
14 {"" , " ", "" }
15 };
16
17 cout << num_2d_array[0][0] << " ";
18 cout << num_2d_array[1][1] << endl;
19
20 cout << animals_2d[0][1] << " ";
21 cout << animals_2d[1][1] << endl;
22
23 return 0;
24 }

執行結果

1 5

4-2
animals_2d[0]{"", "", ""}

1 animals_2d[0][2] // " "

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 int num_array[3][3] = {
7 {1, 2, 3},
8 {4, 5, 6},
9 {7, 8, 9}

66
 CHAPTER 04

10 };
11 int x = num_array[0][2]; // x3
12 num_array[2][1] = -8; // num_array[2][1] 8-8
13
14 cout << x << endl;
15 cout << num_array[2][1] << endl;
16
17 return 0;
18 }

執行結果

3
-8

̹̹實例演練
4-3

4-3

70 10 14 7 25 30 50

Step 01
0~6
4-3

1 int num_visitors[7] = {70, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 50}; // 0~6

Step 02
70 50

1 int temp = num_visitors[0]; // 70 temp

2 num_visitors[0] = num_visitors[6]; // 50
3 num_visitors[6] = temp; // temp 70

67
 Step 03

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 int num_visitors[7] = {70, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 50}; // 0~6
7 cout << num_visitors[0] << " ";
8 cout << num_visitors[1] << " ";
9 cout << num_visitors[2] << " ";
10 cout << num_visitors[3] << " ";
11 cout << num_visitors[4] << " ";
12 cout << num_visitors[5] << " ";;
13 cout << num_visitors[6] << " " << endl;
14
15 int temp = num_visitors[0]; // 70 temp
16 num_visitors[0] = num_visitors[6]; // 50
17 num_visitors[6] = temp; // temp 70
18
19 cout << num_visitors[0] << " ";
20 cout << num_visitors[1] << " ";
21 cout << num_visitors[2] << " ";
22 cout << num_visitors[3] << " ";
23 cout << num_visitors[4] << " ";
24 cout << num_visitors[5] << " ";;
25 cout << num_visitors[6] << " " << endl;
26
27 return 0;
28 }

執行結果

70 10 14 7 25 30 50
50 10 14 7 25 30 70

68
 CHAPTER 04

4-2
3

4-2-1

̹̹實例演練
4-3
4-4
4-4

4-4

50 10 14 7 25 30 70

50
10
14
7
25
30
70

Step 01

1 int num_visitors[7] = {50, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 70}; // 0~6

Step 02

cout

69
 程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 int num_visitors[7] = {50, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 70};
7
8 cout << " " << num_visitors[0] << " " << endl;
9 cout << " " << num_visitors[1] << " " << endl;
10 cout << " " << num_visitors[2] << " " << endl;
11 cout << " " << num_visitors[3] << " " << endl;
12 cout << " " << num_visitors[4] << " " << endl;
13 cout << " " << num_visitors[5] << " " << endl;
14 cout << " " << num_visitors[6] << " " << endl;
15
16 return 0;
17 }

執行結果

50
10
14
7
25
30
70

4-2-2
C++
for

for

for( ; ; ){

70
 CHAPTER 04

)
for

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 int score_array[4] = {95, 92, 88, 96}; // 4
7 // forcout 40,1,2,34
8 // i0, 1, 2, 3
9 for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
10 cout << score_array[i] << endl;
11 }
12
13 return 0;
14 }

執行結果

95
92
IT加油站
88 i
96 i = i + 1i += 1i++

forint i = 0
i 4
i++for

i 0 1 2 3
0 1

71
 程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 string animals[7] = {"" , "" , "" , "" , " ", "" , "" };
8 for(int i = 0; i < 7; i++){
9 cout << animals[i] << endl;
10 }
11
12 return 0;
13 }

執行結果

̹̹實例演練
for

50
10
14
7
25
30
70

72
 CHAPTER 04

Step 01 for

for71day_index0 21

1 for(int day_index = 0; day_index < 7; day_index++) {

2 cout << num_visitors[day_index] << " " << endl;
3 }

TIP
for
i
day_index

Step 02

forcout

" "
num_visitors

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 int num_visitors[7] = {50, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 70};
8 string day_names[7] = {"" , "" , "" , "" ,"" ,
"" , "" };
9
10 for(int day_index = 0; day_index < 7; day_index++){
11 cout << day_names[day_index] << " " << num_visitors[day_index] << " "
<< endl;
12 }
13
14 return 0;
15 }

73
 執行結果

50
10
14
7
25
30
70

TIP
num_visitors

)
for
for
forfor

for

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 string animals_2d[2][3] = {
8 {"" , "" , "" },
9 {"" , " ", "" }
10 };
11
12 for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){ // animals_2d
13 for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++){ // animals_2d
14 cout << animals_2d[i][j] << endl;
15 }
16 }
17
18 return 0;
19 }

74
 CHAPTER 04

執行結果

IT加油站
1 for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ //
2 for(int j = 0; j < 7; j++){ //
3 cout << "hello" << endl;
4 }
5 }

cout << "hello" <<

endl7 3cout << "hello" << endl21

for
for

̹̹實例演練
4-5

4-5

1 50 10 14 7 25 30 70
2 30 24 14 9 87 63 25
3 100 52 82 89 36 78 22

Step 01

75
 1 int num_visitors[3][7] = {
2 {50, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 70},
3 {30, 24, 14, 9, 87, 63, 25},
4 {100, 52, 82, 89, 36, 78, 22}
5 };
6 string day_names[7] = {"" , "" , "" , "" , "" ,
"" , "" };

Step 02 for

程式碼

1 for(int week_index = 0; week_index < 3; week_index++){// 3

0,1,2
2 for(int day_index = 0; day_index < 7; day_index++){//
70,1,2,3,4,5,6
3 // week_indexday_index
4 cout << num_visitors[week_index][day_index] << " " << endl;
5 }
6 }

執行結果

50
10
14
7
25
30
70
30
24
( )

Step 03 for

76
 CHAPTER 04

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 int num_visitors[3][7] = {
8 {50, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 70},
9 {30, 24, 14, 9, 87, 63, 25},
10 {100, 52, 82, 89, 36, 78, 22}
11 };
12 string day_names[7] = {"" , "" , "" , "" , "" ,
"" , "" };
13
14 for(int week_index = 0; week_index < 3; week_index++){ // 3
0,1,2
15 // cout
16 cout << " " << week_index + 1 << "" << endl;
17 for int day_index = 0; day_index < 7; day_index++){
(
18 // cout
19 cout << day_names[day_index] << num_visitors[week_index]
[day_index] << " " << endl;
20 }
21 }
22
23 return 0;
24 }

執行結果

1
50
10
14
7
25
30
70
2
30
24
( )

77
 4-2-3
C++
if-else

if-else

if( ){
1
}
else{
2
}

if-else

程式碼

1 #include <stdio.h>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 int score = 92;
7 if(score >= 70){
8 cout << "" << endl;
9 }
10 else{
11 cout << "" << endl;
12 }
13
14 return 0;
15 }

執行結果

ifscore >= 70

if-else

78
 CHAPTER 04

if trueifif
falseelse

̹̹實例演練
35
! ...

Step01 if

1 if(num_visitors[day_index] > 35){

2 cout << day_names[day_index] << " " << endl;
3 }
4 else{
5 cout << day_names[day_index] << " ..." << endl;
6 }

Step 02

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main(){
7 int num_visitors[7] = {50, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 70};
8 string day_names[7] = {"" , "" , "" , "" , "" ,
"" , "" };
9
10 for(int day_index = 0; day_index < 7; day_index++){
11 if(num_visitors[day_index] > 35){
12 cout << day_names[day_index] << " " << endl;
13 }
14 else{
15 cout << day_names[day_index] << " ..." << endl;
16 }
17 }
18
19 return 0;
20 }

79
 執行結果

...
...
...
...
...

IT加油站
if else if else
18.5 <= BMI < 24

程式碼
1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main(){
6 double BMI = 22.5;
7 if(BMI < 18.5){
8 cout << "" << endl;
9 }
10 else if(BMI >= 24){
11 cout << "" << endl;
12 }
13 else{
14 cout << "" << endl;
15 }
16
17 return 0;
18 }

執行結果

80
 CHAPTER 04

4-3
C++

(1 1 ,2 2 , ){

[ return ]
}

1 int addition(int a, int b){

2 int c = a + b;
3 return c;
4 }

intaddition ( )
a b

c returnc
addition ( )

addition (5, 10)z

程式碼

1 int z = addition(5, 10); // z

2 cout << z << endl;

執行結果 Tip
z = addition (5, 10)
15 z = f(x,y)

81
 ̹̹實例演練
4-1

Step 01 swap ( )

1 void swap(int a[], int i, int j){

2 int temp = a[i];
3 a[i] = a[j];
4 a[j] = temp; // return
5 }

Step 02 print_array ( )

1 void print_array(int arr[], int arr_len){

2 for(int i = 0; i < arr_len; i++){
3 cout << arr[i] << " ";
4 }
5 cout << endl;
6 }

Step 03 swap (num_visitors, 0, 6)num_

visitors0 6

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 void swap(int a[], int i, int j){
6 int temp = a[i];
7 a[i] = a[j];
8 a[j] = temp;
9 }
10
11 void print_array(int arr[], int arr_len){
12 for(int i = 0; i < arr_len; i++){

82
 CHAPTER 04

13 cout << arr[i] << " ";

14 }
15 cout << endl;
16 }
17
18 int main(){
19 int num_visitors[7] = {70, 10, 14, 7, 25, 30, 50}; // 0~6

20 print_array(num_visitors, 7);
21
22 swap(num_visitors, 0, 6);
23 print_array(num_visitors, 7);
24
25 return 0;
26 }

執行結果
70 10 14 7 25 30 50
50 10 14 7 25 30 70

cout

4-4
1×2× ×nfor
1×2×3

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main() {
6 int n = 3; // n!
7 int product = 1; // product 1
8 for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ // i0,1,2,...,n-1
9 product = (i+1) * product; // i+11,2,3,...,n
10 }
11 cout << product << endl;
12
13 return 0;
14 }

83
 執行結果

product = (i+1) * productproduct

(i+1)productproduct

n!=n×(n-1)× ×1

f(n)=n×f(n-1) f(1)=1

n=3

f(3)=3×f(2)
f(2)=2×f(1)
f(1)=1

f(3)=3×f(2)=3×2×f(1)=3×2×1=6

f(n) f(n-1)

f( ) 2

n!=n×(n-1)× ×1
1+2+ +n

̹̹實例演練

Step 01 factorial (n)

1 1 1
n×(n-1)!

1 int factorial(int n){ // factorialn

2 if(n <= 1){ // --
3 return 1;
4 }
5 else{
6 return n * factorial(n-1);
7 } // --
8 }

84
 CHAPTER 04

Step 02 3!10!

程式碼

1 #include <iostream>
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int factorial(int n){ // factorialn
6 if(n <= 1){ // --
7 return 1;
8 }
9 else{
10 return n * factorial(n-1);
11 } // --
12 }
13
14 int main(){
15 cout << factorial(3) << endl; // 3!
16 cout << factorial(10) << endl; // 10!
17
18 return 0;
19 }

執行結果

6
3628800

85
 選擇題

( ) 1. int a[3] = {3,6,5} int b[3] = {2,6,8} c=a[0]+b[2]c

(A)2 (B)11 (C)9 (D)12
( ) 2. int x[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3},{4, 5, 6},{7, 8, 9}} C ++
6 (A)x[1,2] (B)x[0,3] (C)x[2,3]
(D)x[1,1]
( ) 3. ( 1, 2, .... )
(A) (B) (C) (D)
( ) 4. 100
(A) (B) (C) (D)
( ) 5.
(A)37 (B)25 (C)50 (D)42

1 #include <iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3 int recursive_add(int n){
4 if(n <= 2){
5 return 5;
6 }
7 return n + recursive_add(n - 3);
8 }
9 int main(){
10 cout << recursive_add(15) << endl;
11 return 0;
12 }

多元練習

1.

30 1 1

86
 時況報
導

C ++

2.

100 20 85
95 99 75
89 73 92

C ++ for

3. C ++

40 80 75 20 96 69 50

6090

4. C ++p, q

87