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lecture 1

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rathorevikaram600
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Artificial Intelligence for Engineers

Unit 1 – An overview to AI
Topic – The evolution of AI to the present
1.1 Artificial Intelligence
AI is a broad field, means different things to different people. It is concerned with getting
computers doing task of human intelligence.
Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds
of intelligence occur in humans, quite a few animals and some machines.
Artificial Intelligence is generally associated with computer science, but it has many important
links with the other fields such as mathematics, psychology, cognition, biology and philosophy,
among many others.

System that thinks like human System that think rationally


System that acts like human System that acts rationally

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software


think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
1.2 Philosophy of AI
While exploiting the power of the computer systems, the curiosity of human, lead him to wonder,
“Can a machine think and behave like humans do?”
Thus, the development of AI started with the intention of creating similar intelligence in
machines that we find and regard high in humans.
1.3 Goals of AI
To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate,
explain, and advice its users.
To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating systems that understand, think, learn,
and behave like humans.
1.4 What is AI Technique?
In the real world, the knowledge has some unwelcomed properties −
 Its volume is huge, next to unimaginable.
 It is not well-organized or well-formatted.
 It keeps changing constantly.
AI Technique is a manner to organize and use the knowledge efficiently in such a way that −
 It should be perceivable by the people who provide it.
 It should be easily modifiable to correct errors.
 It should be useful in many situations though it is incomplete or inaccurate.
AI techniques elevate the speed of execution of the complex program it is equipped with.
1.5 Applications of AI

AI has been dominant in various fields such as –

 Gaming − AI plays crucial role in strategic games such as chess, poker, tic-tac-toe, etc.,
where machine can think of large number of possible positions based on heuristic
knowledge.

 Natural Language Processing − It is possible to interact with the computer that


understands natural language spoken by humans.

 Expert Systems − There are some applications which integrate machine, software, and
special information to impart reasoning and advising. They provide explanation and
advice to the users.

 Vision Systems − These systems understand, interpret, and comprehend visual input on
the computer. For example,
A spying aero plane takes photographs, which are used to figure out spatial information
or map of the areas.
Doctors use clinical expert system to diagnose the patient.
Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored
portrait made by forensic artist.

 Speech Recognition − Some intelligent systems are capable of hearing and


comprehending the language in terms of sentences and their meanings while a human
talks to it. It can handle different accents, slang words, noise in the background, change
in human’s noise due to cold, etc.

 Handwriting Recognition − The handwriting recognition software reads the text written
on paper by a pen or on screen by a stylus. It can recognize the shapes of the letters and
convert it into editable text.

 Intelligent Robots − Robots are able to perform the tasks given by a human. They have
sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as light, heat, temperature,
movement, sound, bump, and pressure. They have efficient processors, multiple sensors
and huge memory, to exhibit intelligence. In addition, they are capable of learning from
their mistakes and they can adapt to the new environment.
Fig 1.1: Task domain of AI
While studying artificially intelligence, you need to know what intelligence is. This chapter
covers Idea of intelligence, types, and components of intelligence.

1.6 What is Intelligence?

The ability of a system to calculate, reason, perceive relationships and analogies, learn from
experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems, comprehend complex
ideas, use natural language fluently, classify, generalize, and adapt new situations.

1.7 Types of Intelligence

Intelligence Description Example


Linguistic intelligence The ability to speak, Narrators, Orators
recognize, and use
mechanisms of phonology
(speech sounds), syntax
(grammar), and semantics
(meaning).
Musical intelligence The ability to create, Musicians, Singers,
communicate with, and Composers
understand meanings made of
sound, understanding of pitch,
rhythm.
Logical-mathematical The ability of use and Mathematicians, Scientists
intelligence understand relationships in the
absence of action or objects.
Understanding complex and
abstract ideas.
Spatial intelligence The ability to perceive visual Map readers, Astronauts,
or spatial information, Physicists
change it, and re-create
visual images without
reference to the objects,
construct 3D images, and to
move and rotate them.

Bodily-Kinesthetic The ability to use complete or Players, Dancers


intelligence part of the body to solve
problems or fashion products,
control over fine and coarse
motor skills, and manipulate
the objects.
Intra-personal intelligence The ability to distinguish Gautam Buddhha
among one’s own feelings,
intentions, and motivations.

Interpersonal intelligence The ability to recognize and Mass Communicators,


make distinctions among other Interviewers
people’s feelings, beliefs, and
intentions.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence In Use Today


 Siri
 Alexa
 Tesla
 Cogito
 Boxever
 John Paul
 Amazon.com
 Netflix
 Pandora
 Nest
 Chatbots
 Humanoids
 Games
And so many

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