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Concept 2 Notes - Isotopes

PS

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101 views10 pages

Concept 2 Notes - Isotopes

PS

Uploaded by

mackenziej980
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Periodic Table

What are all of these numbers for?


The Periodic Table
Notation
• Atomic number:
– Tells the number of p+ in an
atom of the element
– Used to identify an element
– Periodic table arranged by
these (thanks to Henry
Moseley!)
– In an electrically neutral atom,
the # of p+ = the total # of e-
• Symbol:
– Abbreviation for the name of
the element
Mass Number
• Mass number:
– Not on the periodic table
– Tells the number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of an atom (where most of its mass is located)
– Example: Find the mass number of the following atoms.

12 19 40
Practice Time!
Use a periodic table and the information provided to complete the rest
of the chart about the following four atoms.
On PT p+ + n 0 Atomic # Mass # - p+ Same as p+

Al 13 27 13 14 13
Mn 25 55 25 30 25
Ag 47 109 47 62 47
B 5 1 5 6 5
1
Isotopes
Not all atoms of an element are identical.
• Isotopes: atoms of the
same element with
different numbers of
neutrons.
– Atomic # is same for
both, mass # is different
– Ex. Hydrogen-1 vs.
Hydrogen-2
– Most stable when
number of p+ and n0 are
the same.
Isotope Notation
We can notate an isotope one of two ways.
1. Hyphen form
• Name of element – mass #
• Ex. Potassium – 40
• This would be an atom of potassium with a mass number
of 40
– 19 protons (because the atomic # is always 19 for potassium)
– 21 neutrons (40-19 = 21)

2. Nuclear form
• Mass #Symbol
• Ex. 40K
• Note: Nuclear notation can also include the atomic # below
the mass #, but this isn’t essential since the identity of the
element allows you to determine the atomic #
Isotope Notation Examples
Write the hyphen form and nuclear form for each example.

Example #1: Example #2:

Hyphen form: Boron – 11


Nuclear form: 11B Hyphen form: Sodium – 23
Nuclear form: 23Na
Average Atomic Mass
• Average Atomic Mass:
– Weighted average of all
of the different versions
of an element (called
isotopes)
– Closest to the most
common isotope of the
element
• Ex. The average atomic
mass of Hydrogen is 1.01,
therefore the most common
version of hydrogen in
nature is Hydrogen-1

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