BURDRN CALCULATION

Cable burden can be calculated the following way: VAcable = k × L/S, where:
k = 0.44 for 5 A secondary, = 0.0176 for 1 A secondary
L = total feed/return length of cable (m)
S = cross sectional area of copper cable (mm2)

Metering instrument burden:

Metering instrument (digital) = 1 VA (approx.)
Metering instrument (electromagnetic or induction) = 3 VA (approx.)
Transducer (self powered) = 3 VA (approx.)
Protection instrument burden:
Protection instrument (digital) = 1 VA (approx.)
Protection instrument (electromagnetic overcurrent) = 3-10 VA (approx.)

Exercise #1 – A CT with a 1 A secondary is connected to an electromagnetic ammeter located 10 m away,

using 2.5 mm2 copper cable , Calculate the minimum required VA rating of the CT.

VAcable = k × L/S = 0.0176 × 20/2.5 = 0.14 VA

VAammeter = 3 VA (as it is electro magnetic component) or moving iron type .
VAtotal = 0.14 + 3 = 3.14 VA
The total burden is 3.14 VA. Use a 5 VA CT. 

Exercise #2 – A CT with a 5 A secondary is connected to a digital protection relay located 2m away

, using 1.5 mm2 copper cable.
Calculate the minimum required VA rating of the CT.
VAcable = k × L/S = 0.44 × 4/1.5 = 1.17 VA
VAammeter = 1 VA
VAtotal = 1.17 + 1 = 2.17 VA
The total burden is 2.17 VA. Use a 2.5 VA CT

** in these example we did not consider the Internal resistance of the CT winding . Or let it be negligable

A metering class indicates the accuracy of the CT secondary current at 5 to 125% of rated primary current.
Above this level, the CT starts to saturate and the secondary current is clipped
to protect the inputs of a connected metering instrument.
General metering CT would use a metering class CL 0.5 – 1.0
Revenue metering CT would use a metering class CL 0.2 – 0.5

Protection class CT
A protection class CT provides a linear transformation of the primary to secondary current at high overload levels.
This characteristic makes them suitable for use with overcurrent protection relays.

A relay trip setting is normally 10~15 times the maximum load current and this level should fall on the linear part
of the CT secondary current curve. If a CT saturates before the relay trip level is reached,
the fault will remain undetected, leading to equipment damage and serious danger to personnel.

The most commonly used protection class is a 5PX, where X is the accuracy limit factor (ALF) or
multiplication factor of the rated primary current. The secondary current is +/-1% accurate at rated primary current
and +/-5% accurate at X times rated primary current.

Typical protection class CT ratings are 5P10, 5P15, 5P20.

Figure 4 – Operating range for protection class current transformer

Where:
1. Saturation
2. Linear operating range, at accuracy class tolerance
3. Ideal protection setting trip zone 50%~100% ALF
1. Transformer Incomer:
MV/MV transformer (TXR1): 5 MVA, 36/11 kV, 10% Z
Instantaneous overcurrent trip setting = 15 × In for digital protection relay (OC1) driven off CT1-2
Electromagnetic ammeter (A) is driven off CT1-1
Here power(S) = 5000VA
Impedance (Z)= 10%
Primary Voltage ( Up) = 36Kv
Secondary Voltage (Us )= 11Kv

2.Transformer Feeder:
MV/LV transformer (TXR2): 2 MVA, 11/0.4 kV, 5% Z
Instantaneous overcurrent trip setting = 10 × In for digital protection relay (OC2) driven off CT2
Here power(S) = 2000VA
Impedance (Z)= 5%
Primary Voltage ( Up) = 11Kv
Secondary Voltage (Us )= 0.4Kv

Exercise 1 – Metering CT1-1 for transformer incomer circuit:

Step 1 – Calculate transformer TXR1 nominal secondary current: In (A)
In = S/(√3 × Us) = 5000/(√3 × 11) = 262 A (because CT1-1 is connected to Secondary side of TR-1)
The secondary current for TXR1 is 262 A

Step 2 –any
Ignoring Calculated max.orexpected
power cable short circuit current at CT1 installation: Isc (A)
busbar impedances:
Isc = In × 100/Z = 262 × 100/10 = 2620 A
The maximum expected short circuit current at CT1 is 2620 A

Step 3 – Select metering CT1-1 ratings:

Primary rated current: Ipr = (1.0-1.25) × In = (1.0-1.25) × 262 A
Use a rating of 300 A

Secondary rated current: Isr

Use a rating of 1 A

Short-time withstand rating: Ith ≥ Isc

Use a rating of 10 kA

Primary circuit voltage: Up ≥ U

Use a rating of 12 kV

Real output power: Typically > 3 VA for electromagnetic type meter

Use 5 VA (this allows 2 VA for cable burden, etc.)

Accuracy Class
Use Class 1.0 (common class for general metering)

Exercise 2 – Protection CT1-2 for transformer incomer circuit:

Step 1 – Select ratings common to both the metering and protection CTs
Primary/secondary rated current: Use 300/1 A (already done for the CT1-1. will be same)
Short-time withstand rating [Ith]: Use 10 kA rating (already done for the CT1-1. will be same)
Primary circuit voltage [Up]: Use 12 kV rating (already done for the CT1-1. will be same)

Step 2 – Select real output power

Real output power: typically > 1VA for digital type protection relay (now we using digital relay for protection so <=1VA)
Use 2.5 VA (this allows 1.5 VA for cable burden, etc.)

Step 3 – Calculate protection class 5PX

The instantaneous trip current level of protection relay OC1 is set to 15 × In. (given in the data provided)
ITRIP = 15 × 262 = 3930 A (primary current)
Note: In most digital protection relays, the trip current levels are set with respect to the secondary current.

In this case Isec= 3900/300 × 1 = 13.1 A (as we have selectec 300/1A CT so our instanatious level will be 13.1 )
The instantaneous trip current level for the CT secondary is 13.1 A

As per rule The trip current level should fall between 100 to 50% of the accuracy limit factor (ALF).
IF we use an ALF of 10 (5P10), the trip current level of 3930 A falls outside the range as( 10*300)=3000
100% to 50% ALF, so a 5P10 protection class CT is not suitable.
100%(ALF) = 1.0 × 10 × 300 = 3000 A 
50%(ALF) = 0.5 × 10 × 300 = 1500 A 

Now we go for ALF =15 instead of 10 so (15*300A)=4500A

We may notice that 1500 ≤ 3930 ≥ 3000 A. Using an ALF of 15 (5P15),(15*300A)=4500A, the trip current level of 3930 A
falls within the range 100% to 50% ALF so a 5P15 protection class CT is suitable.
100%(ALF) = 1.0 × 15 × 300 = 4500 A
50%(ALF) = 0.5 × 15 × 300 = 2250 A
We may notice that 2250 ≤ 3930 ≤ 4500 A. Use protection class 5P15
Exercise 3 – Protection CT2 for transformer feeder circuit:

Step 1 – Calculate transformer TXR2 nominal primary current: In (A)

In = S/(√3 × U) = 2000/(√3 × 11) = 105 A (because CT2 is connected to Primary side of TR-2)
The primary current for TXR2 is 105 A

Step 2 – Calculated maximum expected short circuit current at CT2 installation: Isc (A)
Ignoring any power cable or busbar impedances
Isc = In × 100/Z = 105 × 100/5 = 2100 A
The maximum expected short circuit current at CT2 is 2100 A

Step 3 – Select protection CT2 ratings

Primary rated current Ipr = (1.0 – 1.25) × In = (1.0 – 1.25) × 105
Use a rating of 150 A

Secondary rated current Isr

Use a rating of 1 A

Short-time withstand rating, Ith ≥ Isc

Use a rating of 10 kA

Primary circuit voltage Up ≥ U

Use a ratings of 12 kV

Real output power: Typically > 1 VA for digital type protection relay.
Use 2.5 VA (this allows 1.5 VA for cable burden, etc.)

Step 4 – Calculate protection class 5PX

The instantaneous trip current level of protection relay OC2 is set to 10 × In
ITRIP = 10 × 105 = 1050 A (primary current)
Note: In most digital protection relays, the trip current levels are set with respect to the secondary current.
In this case
ISEC = 3900/300 × 1 = 13.1 A
Now in this case IPr = 1050/150 × 1 = 7 A
The instantaneous trip current level for the CT secondary is 7 A

The trip current level should fall between 100 to 50% of the accuracy limit factor (ALF).
Using an ALF of 10 (5P10), the trip current level of 1050 A falls within the range of 100% to 50% ALF
so a 5P10 protection class CT is suitable.
100%(ALF) = 1.0 × 10 × 150 = 1500 A
50%(ALF) = 0.5 × 10 × 150 = 750 A
We may notice that 750 ≤ 1050 ≤ 1500 A 
Use protection class 5P10
CALCULATIONS FOR CT & PT PARAMETERS IN ARAR CPS EXTENSION PROJECT

REFERENCE DATA

1) ABB CATALOGUE FOR RET 316, (Transformer differential protection).

2) CATALOGUES FOR VARIOUS RELAYS & METERS

3) SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY

ASSUMPTIONS :

1)All Relay and meter VA burdens are assumed

2)Presuming Numerical relays for differential protection, Aux CTs are not used.

1) Calculation of CT parameters for Generator Transformer Feeder Differential Protection (87GT FDR)

CT Ratio Selection :

Generator Transformer Rating = 60/80 MVA @ 50deg.C, ONAN/ONAF

132/13.8kV, Ynd1, Z=12.5% at ONAN rating

Therefore full load currrent on 132kV Side = (MVAx 1000)/(1.732 x kV)

= 80 x 1000 / 1.732 x 132
= 349.92 Amps

Multi ratio CT is selected to meet the requirement of Bus bar CT

CT ratio selected on 132kV side is = 2000-400/1 Amp

(Normally CT has a overload capacity of 20%. Therefore at lower temperature the maximum
output will be taken care by this 20%. However this would be confirmed with CT manufacturer)

Knee Point Voltage Calculation (For 87GT FDR) :

Formula for calculating Knee point voltage requirement for differential protection
Vk = 40 x I (Rct + 2 Rl+Rrelay)

Where I = CT secondary current = 1 Amp

Rct = CT winding resistance = 3 ohm (Assumed)
Rl = Cable resistance between CT & Relay

Considering 4 sq.mm copper conductor cable between CT and relay, resistance of

4 sq.mm copper cable = 5.54 Ohms / km

Maximum cable length = 250 M (from site plan)

Cable Lead Resistance for the loop Rl = 2 x 5.54 x 0.25

= 2.77 Ohms

Therefore CT knee point requirement = 40 x1x(3 + 2 x 5.54 x 0.25 + 0.1)

(Relay Burden is assumed as 0.1 VA, same as transformer differential protection as per ABB catalogue RET 316)

Therefore, Since the secondary is 1A, RRelay = 0.1 ohms

= 234.8 Volts

We choose Vk >= 300V to account for variation in cable length, variation in CT, relay types etc.

Hence, Vk >=300V

Magnetising Current (Im) Calculation (For 87GT FDR):

Formula for calculating CT magnetising current Im.

Im = 1/n [PFSC x (1/CT ratio) - Ir]

Where n = Nos. of CTs in parallel = 3

PFSC = Primary Fault Setting Current = 70 Amp (Assuming 20% of Ifull load)
Ir = Relay current at set point in Amp = 0.1 Amp
Im = Magnetising Current in Amps

Im = 1/3[ 70 x ( 1/400) - 0.1]

= 0.025 Amp
= 25 mA
 Hence Im at Vk/2 = 25/2 = 12.5 mA.

Im at Vk/2 <= 15 mA is selected

Selection of Class of CT
As the CT is meant for Transformer differential protection, Class X CT is selected.
CT Class = X
Therefore, CT parameters for 87GT FDR are

CT RATIO = 2000-400/1 Amp

Knee Point Voltage Vk = Vk >=300V
CT Wdg. Res. Rct = <= 3
Mag. Current Im at Vk/2 <= 15 mA
CT Class = X
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

2) Calculation of parameters for 132kV GT Transformer bushing CT & Neutral side

CT used for Restricted earth fault protection 87GTG.

CT ratio chosen = 400/1 A

Generator Transformer terminal fault current on 132kV side = If / (% Zgt )

Zgt on 60 MVA base = 12.5 = 349.92 / 0.167
Zgt on 80 MVA base = 16.6667 2.1

Vr = Relay operating Voltage Vr = Ifs (Rct + Rlead + Rrelay)

Ifs = fault level on CT secondary Ifs = (2100/400/1) = 5.25 A

Rl ( Considering 4 sq.mm Cu conductor Cable, 250M length)

= 2 x 5.54 x 0.25 = 2.77 Ohms

R relay = 1 VA (Assumed)

Winding res. of CT sec Rct for 400/1A = 3 Ohms (Assumed)

Therefore Vr = 5.25 *(3+2.77+ 1)

= 35.5425 Volts

Vk = 2 Vr = 71.085 Volts

Taking margin, keep Vk >= 120 Volts

Therefore CT chosen = 400/1A

Vk>=120V
Rct<=3 Ohms

Magnetising Current (Im) Calculation

Formula for calculating CT magnetising current Im.

Im = 1/n [PFSC x (1/CT ratio) - Ir]

Where n = Nos. of CTs in parallel = 4

PFSC = Primary Fault Setting Current = 140 Amp (Assuming 40% of Ifull load)
Ir = Relay current at set point in Amp = 0.1 Amp
Im = Magnetising Current in Amps

Im = 1/4[ 140 x ( 1/400) - 0.1]

= 0.063 Amp
= 63 mA

Hence Im at Vk/2 = 63/2 = 32 mA.

Im at Vk/2 <= 30 is selected

Selection of Class of CT

As the CT is meant for Restricted E/F protection, Class X CT is selected.

CT Class = X

Therefore, parameters for 87GTG protection CTs are

 CT RATIO = 2000-400 /1 Amp
Knee Point Voltage Vk = >= 120 Volts
CT Wdg. Res. Rct = 3 Ohms
Mag. Current Im at Vk/2 <= 30
CT Class = X
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

3) Calculation of parameters for 132kV Generator Transformer Neutral side CT used for 51GTT protection.

CT ratio chosen = 400/1 A

132kV Bus Design Fault Level = 40 kA

Vr = If(Rct + Rlead + Rrelay)

If = fault level on CT secondary = 40000/400/1 = 100

Rl ( Considering 4 sq.mm Cu conductor Cable, 200M length)

= 2 x 5.54 x 0.2 = 2.22

R relay = 0.1 VA (Assumed)

Winding res. of CT sec Rct for 400/1A = 3 Ohms

Therefore Vr = 100 *(3+2.216+ 0.1)

= 531.6 Volts

Selection of Class of CT

By choosing 5P20 , 30 VA CT,

Vk available = 20 x 1.0 (3+30) V

= 660 Volts To take into account variations in CT parameters etc.,

Hence, the following CT Parameters are selected

Therefore CT chosen for 51GTT protection

CT RATIO = 400 /1 Amp

CT Class = 5P20
Rated VA of CT = 30 VA
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

UAT CT Sizing

4) Calculation of parameters for 13.8kV side UAT bushing

( For Overall Differential Protection 87OA).

UAT Rating = 1.5 MVA

Therefore full load currrent on 132kV Side = (MVAx 1000)/(1.732 x kV)

= 1.5 x 1000 / 1.732 x 13.8
= 62.76 Amps

However CT ratio selected on 13.8kV side is = 1000 /1 Amp ( To ensure non-saturation of CT for
faults )

Knee Point Voltage Calculation (For 87OA)

Formula for calculating Knee point voltage requirement for differential protection
Vk = 40 x I (Rct x 2 Rl+Rrelay)

Where I = CT secondary current = 1 Amp

Rct = CT winding resistance = 5 ohm (Assumed)
Rl = Cable resistance between CT & Relay

Considering 4 sq.mm copper conductor cable between CT and relay, resistance of

4 sq.mm copper cable = 5.54 Ohms / km

Maximum cable length = 250 M (From site plan)

Cable Lead Resistance for the loop Rl = 2 x 5.54 x 0.25

 = 2.77 Ohms

Therefore CT knee point requirement = 40 x1(5 + 2 x 5.54 x 0.25 + 0.1)

(Relay burden is considered as 0.1 VA as per catalogue for RET 316, of ABB make)

Therefore, Since the secondary is 1A, RRelay = 0.1 ohms

= 314.8 Volts

We choose Vk >= 400V to account for variations in cable length, variation in CT, relay types etc.

Hence, Vk >=400V

Selection of Class of CT

As the CT is meant for Overall differential protection, Class X CT is selected.

CT Class = X
Therefore, parameters for 87OA are

CT RATIO = 1000 /1 Amp

Knee Point Voltage Vk = >= 400 Volts
CT Wdg. Res. Rct = 5 ohm
Mag. Current Im at Vk/2 <= 15 mA
CT Class = X
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

5) Calculation of CT parameters for ( 50UAT) on HV side

For the operation of Instantaneous protection, the CT will see the higher value of subtransient current.Due
to this high fault current the CT may get saturated if lower ratio is used. To avoid CT saturation and to keep knee point
voltage low, a separate CT of higher ratio is selected for Instantaneous(50) protection.

CT Ratio Selection :

UAT Rating = 1.5 MVA

Full Load current on 13.8kV side = (MVAx 1000)/(1.732 x kV)

= 62.76 A

However CT ratio selected on 13.8kV side is = 1000 /1 Amp ( To ensure non-saturation of CT for
faults )
Relay Burden : 0.5 ( Assumed)

Since the secondary Current is 1A, the above burden can be taken as the total burden in ohms.
i.e., Rrelaytotal in ohms = Rrelaytotal in VA/(Is2) , where Is = Secondary Current of CT.
Therefore Rrelaytotal in ohms = 0.5
= 0.5 ohms

Formula for calculating Knee point voltage requirement :

Vk = If x 1/CTratio x (Rct + 2 Rl+Rrelay)
For a fault at 13.8kV side of the UAT
Contribution from the Generator = 22.1 kA (From ARAR Short circuit study

Contribution from system through GT = 26.1 kA (From ARAR Short circuit study

Total fault current = 48.2 kA

Where If = CT Primary fault current in Amps 48200 A

Rct = CT winding resistance = 5 ohm (Assumed)
Rl = Cable resistance between CT & Relay

Considering 4 sq.mm copper conductor cable between CT and relay, resistance of

4 sq.mm copper cable = 5.54 Ohms / km

Maximum cable length = 200 M

Cable Lead Resistance for the loop Rl = 2 x 5.54 x 0.2

= 2.22 Ohms

Considering 1000/1 ratio,

Vk required = 48200 x 1/1000(5 + 2.22 + 0.5)

= 372.104 Volts
 Selection of Class of CT

By choosing 5P20 , 20 VA CT,

Vk available = 20 x 1.0 (5+20) V

= 500 Volts

Hence, the following CT Parameters are selected

CT RATIO = 1000 /1 Amp

CT Class = 5P20
VA burden required = 20 VA
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

6) Calculation of CT parameters for ( 51 & 51N UAT) on HV side

CT Ratio Selection :

UAT Rating = 1.5 MVA

Full Load current on 13.8kV side = (MVAx 1000)/(1.732 x kV)

= 62.76 A

Therefore CT ratio selected on 13.8kV side is = 100 /1 Amp

Relay Burden : 0.5 ( Assumed)

Since the secondary Current is 1A, the above burden can be taken as the total burden in ohms.
i.e., Rrelaytotal in ohms = Rrelaytotal in VA/(Is2) , where Is = Secondary Current of CT.

Therefore Rrelaytotal in ohms = 0.5

= 0.5 ohms

For a fault on HV side of UAT, the fault is cleared by 50UAT, 87OA. Therefore 51UAT
acts as a back up for UAT LV side faults and as such CT for 51UAT will be designed for the LV fault.

Fault on LV side of the UAT = 30.8 kA (From short circuit study)

Fault on LV side of UAT as seen from HV side of UAT = 30.8 x 0.48 / 13.8

= 1.0713 kA

Formula for calculating Knee point voltage requirement :

Vk = If x 1/CTratio x (Rct x 2 Rl+Rrelay)
Where If = CT Primary fault current in Amps 1071.3 A
Rct = CT winding resistance = 1 ohm (Assumed)
Rl = Cable resistance between CT & Relay

Considering 4 sq.mm copper conductor cable between CT and relay, resistance of

4 sq.mm copper cable = 5.54 Ohms / km

Maximum cable length = 200 M 2

Cable Lead Resistance for the loop Rl = 2 x 5.54 x 0.2

= 2.22 Ohms

Considering 100/1 ratio,

Vk required = 1071.3 x 1/100(1 + 2.22 + 0.5)

= 39.85 Volts

Selection of Class of CT

By choosing 5P20 , 10 VA CT,

Vk available = 20 x 1.0 (1+10) V

= 220 Volts

Hence, the following CT Parameters are selected

CT RATIO = 100 /1 Amp

CT Class = 5P20
VA burden required = 10 VA
 CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

7) Calculation of CT parameters for ( 51& 51N) on LV side of UAT

CT Ratio Selection :

UAT Rating = 1.5 MVA

Full Load current on 0.48kV side = (MVAx 1000)/(1.732 x kV)

= 1804.22 A

CT ratio selected on 13.8kV side is = 2000 /1 Amp

Relay Burden : 0.5

Total Burden 0.5 VA

Since the secondary Current is 1A, the above burden can be taken as the total burden in ohms.
i.e., Rrelaytotal in ohms = Rrelaytotal in VA/(Is2) , where Is = Secondary Current of CT.

Therefore Rrelaytotal in ohms = (0.5 /1*1)

= 0.5 ohms

Formula for calculating Knee point voltage requirement :

Vk = If x 1/CTratio x (Rct x 2 Rl+Rrelay)

Fault on 0.480 kV side = 50 kA

Where If = CT Primary fault current in Amps 50000 A

Rct = CT winding resistance = 6 ohm (Assumed)
Rl = Cable resistance between CT & Relay

Considering 4 sq.mm copper conductor cable between CT and relay, resistance of

4 sq.mm copper cable = 5.54 Ohms / km

Maximum cable length = 200 M

Cable Lead Resistance for the loop Rl = 2 x 5.54 x 0.2

= 2.22 Ohms

Considering 2000/1 ratio,

Vk required = 50000 x 1/2000(6 + 2.22 + 0.5)

= 218 Volts

Selection of Class of CT

By choosing 5P20 , 15 VA CT,

Vk available = 20 x 1.0 (5+15) V

= 400 Volts

Hence, the following CT Parameters are selected

CT RATIO = 2000 /1 Amp

CT Class = 5P20
VA burden required = 15 VA
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

8) Calculation of parameters for UAT Neutral side CT used for 51G protection.

CT ratio chosen = 2000/1 A

480V Bus Design Fault Level = 50 kA

Vr = If(Rct + Rlead + Rrelay)

If = fault level on CT secondary = 50000/2000/1 = 25

Rl ( Considering 4 sq.mm Cu conductor Cable, 200M length)

= 2 x 5.54 x 0.2 = 2.22
 R relay = 0.1 VA (Assumed))

Winding res. of CT sec Rct for 2000/1A = 6 Ohms

Therefore Vr = 25 *(6+2.216+ 0.1)

= 207.9 Volts

Selection of Class of CT

By choosing 5P20 , 15 VA CT,

Vk available = 20 x 1.0 (6+15) V

= 420 Volts To take into account variations in CT parameters etc.,

Hence, the following CT Parameters are selected

Therefore CT chosen for 51GTT protection

CT RATIO = 2000 /1 Amp

CT Class = 5P20
Rated VA of CT = 15 VA
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq mm

9) Calculation of parameters for UAT LV side 87GT CT protection

CT ratio selected on is = 2000 /1 Amp

Knee Point Voltage Calculation (For 87GT)

Formula for calculating Knee point voltage requirement for differential protection
Vk = 40 x I (Rct x 2 Rl+Rrelay)

Where I = CT secondary current = 1 Amp

Rct = CT winding resistance = 6 ohm (Assumed)
Rl = Cable resistance between CT & Relay

Considering 4 sq.mm copper conductor cable between CT and relay, resistance of

4 sq.mm copper cable = 5.54 Ohms / km

Maximum cable length = 250 M

Cable Lead Resistance for the loop Rl = 2 x 5.54 x 0.25

= 2.77 Ohms

Therefore CT knee point requirement = 40 x1(6 + 2 x 5.54 x 0.25 + 0.1)

(RRelay is considered as 0.1 VA as per catalogue for RET 316, of ABB make)

Therefore, Since the secondary is 1A, RRelay = 0.1 ohms

= 354.8 Volts

We choose Vk >= 400V to account for variations in cable length, variation in CT, relay types etc.

Hence, Vk >=400V

Selection of Class of CT

As the CT is meant for Overall differential protection, Class X CT is selected.

CT Class = X
Therefore, parameters for 87GT are

CT RATIO = 2000 /1 Amp

Knee Point Voltage Vk = >= 400 Volts
CT Wdg. Res. Rct = 6 ohm
Mag. Current Im at Vk/2 <= 15 mA
CT Class = X
CT Cable to be used = 4 sq.mm copper cable

10) Calculation of parameters for 480V VT on LV side of UAT

VT ratio chosen = 480/ 3 /115/ 3

VT will be with dual accuracy = 0.5 / 3P class

Equipment VA Burdens
 Frequency Transducer 8

Voltage Transducer 8

### 25

### 3

Total 44

Therefore PT chosen = 480/ 3 /115/ 3 V

0.5/3P
75 VA

11) UAT LV side metering CT

Presuming Numerical Meters to be provided. The VA burden of the multipurpose meter is assumed to be less than 10VA

Hence CT VA burden selected is 10VA

Therefore CT chosen = 2000 /1 A.

10 VA
CL.0.5
ISF <5.