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ES Project 3

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36 views4 pages

ES Project 3

Uploaded by

mariumzahid987
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Process Description:

Stages of Sewage treatment:-


Following are stages of how waste water is treated in sewage treatment:
1. Preliminary treatment:
This is the first stage of wastewater treatment,it is sued to prepare water for
purification.It removes such type of materials that may damage or even clog the
pumps and sewage lines of primary treatment which is done by filtration,by
separating the solid waste and removing any sand particles or grease.This is done in
the following steps:
Screening:
Here water passes through bar screening to remove such objects like
plastics,paper,metals to prevent any damage or clogging of equipment,it uses both
fine and coarse screens.Coarse screens remove large solids such as debris.This type of
screen uses mechanical and manual bar screens.While fine screens removes such
materials that may cause any issues in operation or maintenance.
Grit removal:
Grit removal reduces the velocity of incoming sewage which allows the grit to settle
down,grit consists of sand,gravel or rocks.Grit removal helps to remove grits which
will prevent wear of mechanical equipment,accumulation of anaerobic digesters.
2. Primary treatment:-
Primary treatment is the removal of suspended solids and organic matters from the
sewage,as the sewage now enters primary treatment where it enters the basin which is
called a primary sedimentation tanks or primary clarifiers in which heavy solids settle
down as sludge while rest of the oil and grease are floating,the heavy solids are
cleaned the primary sedimentation tank while the floating grease and oil are cleaned
by skimmers.
3. Secondary treatment:-
The wastewater moves from primary clarifiers towards the Aeration basins where
biological treatment occurs,this treatment is known as “activated sludge process”.As
the wastewater flows through the chambers as large volumes it creates air bubbles
which supports the aerobic bacteria.The wastewater is mixed with the activated sludge
where it is cleaned by these aerobic bacteria and is cleansed.
4. Sludge treatment:-
Sludge is a semi-solid byproduct that is produced during the treatment process ,it
consists of mixture of organic,inorganic solids,water and other microorganisms.It is
commonly classified as primary or secondary sludge.In this stage sludge is treated
through processes like digestion,thickening and dewatering.Thickening reduces the
sludge volume by using gravity while digestion decomposes organics into biogas
which can be used as energy and dewatering reduces water content by using
mechanical system which allows sludge to be used as solid.
Types of Technologies and equipment used:-
Following are the types of technologies and equipment used in each stage:
 Preliminary treatment:
Technology used for this stage were Screening and grit removal,while equipment used
were bar screens,mechanical screens and grit chambers.Bar screens and mechanical
screens removes large debris while grit chambers helps in making heavy particles
settle down.
 Primary treatment:
This stage used sedimentation also known as and skimming.Equipment used are
primary sedimentation tank also known as primary clarifiers and skimmers.Primary
sedimentation tank helped in removing the sludge(the heavy solids settle down as
sludge) settled at the bottom while skimmers removed the oil and grease floating on
the water.
 Secondary treatment:
At this stage secondary clarification and activated sludge process is used while the
equipment that are used are aeration tanks and blowers that supply oxygen in order to
support the aerobic bacteria,while secondary clarifiers allow the water to be treated
and separated from the sludge.
 Sludge treatment:
Technologies used are Gravity thickeners in which the sludge first pumped into the
tank from where the solids settle down and then the water is transferred off the
top,then the thickened sludge is removed and flotation thickeners in which air is
introduced causing the sludge to float.Equipment used are sludge thickening,digestion
and dewatering.

Main Innovative Techniques and Practices at the I-9 Sewage


Treatment Plant:-
During the field visit of I-9 sewage plant, several innovative techniques
and practices were observed that distinguish this treatment plant from
others.These innovations contribute to enhanced efficiency,
environmental sustainability, and resource recovery.

1. Biogas Generation and Utilization:


The Biogas Generation and Utilization system at the I-9 Sewerage
Treatment Plant turns wastewater sludge into a useful energy
source which is used to generate electricity,powering plant
operations and reducing reliance on external energy
resources and reduces the need for fossil fuels. The system
shows the plant's commitment to being sustainable, innovative, and
environmentally friendly.

2. Advanced Oxidation Process(AOP) and Nutrient


Removal:
This plant uses AOP, which is an efficient and eco-friendly method
for removing organic pollutants and harmful chemicals from
wastewater. The Nutrient removal is the process using specific
bacterial communities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus
biologically. It includes stages such as nitrification, denitrification,
and biological phosphorus removal, which significantly reduce
nutrient pollution in discharged water.

3. Water Reuse and Resource Recovery:


The reuse of water is done through treated effluent being reused
for various non-potable purposes, such as agricultural irrigation and
industrial processes. This practice conserves freshwater resources
and reduces the environmental impact of wastewater
discharge.Whereas, the resource recovery of nutrients, such as
phosphorus, from the sludge. These recovered nutrients can be
used to produce fertilizers, creating a circular economy and
reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers.

2. Environmental Impact:
The impact of the treated effluent on the local
environment and water bodies:-

The treated effluent from I-9 plants is significantly cleaner than


untreated sewage, reducing the contamination levels in local water
bodies.

Positive Impact:
 Reduction of water pollution: The treated effluent from plant is
significantly cleaner than untreated sewage, sewage treatment
plants help in removing pollutants from wastewater, thereby
reducing water pollution in local rivers, streams, and lakes.
 Preservation of biodiversity: By reducing water pollution, sewage treatment plant
help in preserving the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems, allowing for the
survival of various plant and animal species.
 Increased Water-Reuse:Treated effluent can be reused for non-potable purposes,
reducing demand on freshwater sources like the treated effluent can be used for
irrigation, car washing, and industrial process.

Negative Impacts:
 Chemical Pollutants: Despite the treatment, the effluent may contain some
chemicals like nitrates,phosphates etc which can lead to eutrophication of water
bodies ans eutrophication cause algal bloom which deplete oxygen level,
endangering aquatic life.
 Impact on Soil Quality: As having use of long term effluent for irrigation can
alter soil properties, potentially leading to salt buildup in soil and reduced
fertility.
 Micro plastic Pollution: Treated wastewater can carry micro plastics, tiny plastic
particles that can harm aquatic life.

National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and


Liquid Industrial
Effluents

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