INDEX:

S.NO CONTEXT PAGE

2 INTRODUCTION 2

3 NOTIFICATION APPLICATION 3

4 ABOUT THE APPARATUS 4

5 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 9

6 PROCEDURE 10

7 APPLICATIONS 10

8 BIBILOGRAPHY 11

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ABSTRACT:
Fire Alarm Circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates the Siren
Sound or Buzzer. Fire Alarm Circuits are very important devices to detect fire in the
right time and prevent any damage to people or property.

Fire Alarm Circuits are a part of the security systems which help in detecting or
preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems in commercial buildings like offices,
movie theatres, shopping malls and other public places is compulsory.

This is a very simple alarm circuit using a flame sensor, buzzer, battery, switch. The
primary purpose of fire alarm system is to provide an early warning of fire so that
people can be evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop or eliminate of the
fire effect as soon as possible. Alarm can be triggered by using detectors or by
manual call point

INTRODUCTION:
A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn
people through visual and audio appliances when fire is present. These alarms may
be activated automatically from heat detector or may also be activated via manual
fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be
either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns. They can also be
speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message
which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators.

Fire alarm sounders can be set to certain frequencies and different tones including
low, medium and high, depending on the country and manufacturer of the device.

Most fire alarm systems in Europe sound likea siren with alternating frequencies. Fire
alarm electronic devices are known as horns in the United States and Canada, and 2
can be either continuous or set to different codes.

Fire alarm warning devices can also be set to different volume levels. Manually
actuated devices; also known as fire alarm boxes, manual pull stations, or simply pull
stations, break glass stations, and (in Europe) call points. Devices for manual fire
alarm activation are installed to be readily located (near the exits), identified, and

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operated .They are usually actuated by means of physical interaction, such as pulling
a lever or breaking glass. Automatically actuated devices can take many forms
intended to respond to any number of detectable physical changes associated with
fire: convicted thermal energy; heat detector, products of combustion; smoke
detector, radiant energy; flame detector, combustion gases; fire gas detector, and
release of extinguishing agents; water-flow detector.

The newest innovations can use cameras and computer algorithms to analyse the
visible effects of fire and movement in applications inappropriate for or hostile to
other detection methods.

NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES:
Notification Appliances utilize audible, visible, tactile, texual or either olfactory
stimuli to alert the occupants of the need to evacuate or take action in the event of a
fire or other emergency. Evacuation signals may consist of simple appliances that
transmit encoded information, coded appliances that transmit a predetermined
pattern, and or appliances that transmit audible and visible textual information such
as live or pre-recorded instructions, and illuminated message displays .

ABOUT THE APPARATUS:

1.Flame sensor:
A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor. That's
why this sensor module is used in flame alarms. This sensor detects flame otherwise
wavelength within the range of 760 nm - 1100 nm from the light source. This sensor
can be easily damaged to high temperature. So this sensor can be placed at a certain
distance from the flame. The flame detection can be done from a 100cm distance
and the detection angle will be 60 8. The output of this sensor is an analog signal or
digital signal. These sensors are used in firefighting robots like as a flame alarm.

What is a flame Sensor?

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A flame-sensor is one kind of detector which is mainly designed for detecting as well
as responding to the occurrence of a fire or flame. The flame detection response can
depend on its fitting. It includes an alarm system, a natural gas line, propane & a fire
suppression system. This sensor is used in industrial boilers. The main function of this
is to give authentication whether the boiler is properly working or not. The response
of these sensors is faster as well as more accurate compare with a heat/smoke
detector because of its mechanism while detecting the flame.

Working Principle:
This sensor/detector can be built with an electronic circuit using a receiver like
electromagnetic radiation. This sensor uses the infrared flame flash method, which
allows the sensor to work through a coating of oil, dust, water vapor, otherwise ice.

2.Buzzer:

What is a Buzzer?
An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may be electromechanical or
piezoelectric or mechanical type. The main function of this is to convert the signal
from audio to sound. Generally, it is powered through DC voltage and used in timers,
alarm devices, printers, alarms, computers, etc. Based on the various designs, it can
generate different sounds like alarm, music, bell & siren.

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Buzzzer Pin Configuration

The pin configuration of the buzzer is shown above. It includes two pins namely
positive and negative. The positive terminal of this is represented with the '+' symbol
or a longer terminal. This terminal is powered through 6Volts whereas the negative
terminal is represented with the '-'symbol or short terminal and it is connected to the
GND terminal.

History
The history of an electromechanical buzzer and piezoelectric is discussed below .

Electromechanical
This buzzer was launched in the year 1831 by an American Scientist namely Joseph
Henry but, this was used in doorbells until they were eliminated in 1930 in support of
musical bells, which had a smooth tone.

Piezoelectric
These buzzers were invented by manufacturers of Japanese & fixed into a broad
range of devices during the period of 1970s -1980s. So, this development primarily
came due to cooperative efforts through the manufacturing companies of Japanese.
In the year 1951, they recognized the Application Research Committee of Barium
Titanate that allows the corporations to be cooperative competitively & bring about
numerous piezoelectric creations.

Specifications

The specifications of the buzzer include the following .

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• Color is black

• The frequency range is 3,300Hz

• Operating Temperature ranges from - 20° C to +60°C

• Operating voltage ranges from 3V to 24V DC

• The sound pressure level is 85dBA or 10cm

• The supply current is below 15m

3.Switch:
A single-pole switch has two brass terminal screws on the side that receive the black
("hot") wires of the circuit. One black wire comes from the power source and the
other goes to the light(s).When you turn the switch off, it interrupts the electricity
that flows through the black wire from the power source to the fixture. For this
reason, the two main terminals are connected to black wires. The circuit's bare
ground wire-if there is one- is connected to the green grounding screw on the switch.

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4. Battery:
When a conducting wire is connected to the terminals of the battery, a potential
difference is created between the ends of the conductor.

This potential difference sets up an electrical field throughout the conductor. The
conductor contains large number of electrons.

The electrons near the positive terminal of battery are attracted by it and start to
move towards positive terminal.

As a result, the amount of positive charge on the plate decreases.

So, the electric force Fe becomes weaker than chemical force Fe and the chemical
force pulls negative ions from the positive plate (anode) and makes them move
towards the negative plate (cathode).

The negative terminal pushes one electron into the conductor because of stronger
repulsion between negative terminal and negative ion.

Hence, the total number of electrons in the conductor remains constant during the
current flow.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
Connect the battery, switch, buzzor, flame sensor according to the circuit diagram
and stick it in a board.

APPLICATIONS:
 Fire Alarm Circuits are very useful in homes, offices, schools, labs, etc. to
detect and prevent any disasters due to fire.
 Fire Alarm Systems can work as a stand-alone devices or be a part of a complex
home security system with other security features like smoke detection,
intruder alert, motion detection, etc.

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BIBILOGRAPHY:
 www.electronicshub.org
 easyelectronicsproject.com
 makingcircuits.com

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THE END

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