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38 views10 pagesChapter-12 Reflection
Chapter 12
Uploaded by
Jeena JabezCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 10
Unit 3
Co-ordinate Geometry
Chapter 12
Reflection
POINTS TO REMEMBER
1. Co-ordinate Axes
‘The position of a point in a plane is determined by two fixed mutually perpendicular straight li
X' OX and YOY’, intersecting each other at a point O.
These lines are called the co-ordinate axes or Axes
of Reference.
The horizontal line X‘OX is called the x-axis. YF
The vertical line YOY’ is called the y-axis. .
The point O is called the ori & ss
We fix up a convenient unit of length and starting :
from the origin as zero, mark off equal distances on ©
x-axis as well as y-axis. ep eit te pee
The distances measured along OX and OY are taken 91
asp while those along OX’ and OY’ are taken 3
as negative, as shown in the adjoining figure.
2. Co-ordinates of a Point vy
Let P be a point in a plane.
Let, the distance of P from y-axis = a units,
‘And, the distance of P from x-axis = b units.
Then, we say that the co-ordinates of P are (a, 6).
ais called the x-co-ordinate or abscissa of P.
bis called the y-co-ordinate or ordinate of P.
We say that P (a, 6) is a point.
Distance of any point on x-axis from x-axis is 0.
Co-ordinates of each point on x-axis are (x, 0).
Distance of any point on y-axis from y-axis is 0.
Co-ordinates of each point on y-axis are (0, ). 175 Arundeep’s Foundation Math-X
eee Sc was,
3. Equation of Lines :
About the equation ofa line, we shall study in the next chapter. However, remember the following,
(i The line x = 0 means y-axis.
(ii) The line y = 0 means x-axis.
(iii) The line x = a means the line parallel to y-axis at a distance a from it.
(iv) The line y = b means the line parallel to x-axis at a distance b from it.
4. Reflection :
Image of An Object In a Mirror
‘When an object is placed in front of a plane mirror, then its image is formed at the same distance
behind the mirror as the distance of the object from the mirror.
Image of a Point in a Line
For finding the image of a point P in a line AB, we consider
the line as a plane mirror and P as the object. Now, we finda
point P’ on the other side of AB, such that P’ is at the same
distance from AB as P is from it.
‘Thus, the image of. point P in a line AB is a point P’ such that AB is the perpendicular bisector of PP’.
Thus, AB 1 PP’ and if PP’ cuts AB in M, then PM = MP’.
. Image of a Point in a Point
‘The image of a point P in a point M is a point
P’ such that M is the mid-point of PP’.
Reflection : The transformation R, which maps a point P to
its image P’ in a given line (or point) /, is called a reflection in
1
Thus R, (P) = P’.
We shall represent :
(i Reflection in x-axis by R, ;
(ii) Reflection in y-axis by Ry ;
(iii) Reflection in the origin by R,,
(@ Reflection in x-axis
Let P(, y) be a point in a plane. Draw PM 1 OX, meeting it at M.
Produce PM to P’ such that MP = MP’.
‘Then, P’ is the image of P when reflected in x-axis.
Clearly, the co-ordinates of P’ are P’ (x, —y).
<. P(x, y) when reflected'fn x-axis, has the image P’ (x, — y).
-- R,@& = G—y)-
(b) Reflection in y-axis
Let P (x, ») be a point in a plane.
Draw PN 1 OY meeting it at N.
Produce PN to P’ such that NP’ = NP.
Then, P’ is the image of P when reflected in y-axis.
n 176 Arundeep’s Foundation Math-X
_———— eee
Clearly, the co-ordinates of P’ are P’ (—x, y).
P (x, y) when reflected in y-axis, has the image P’ (-x, y).
» RG y= Cry)
oan in the Origin
Let P (x, y) be a point in a plane,
Join PO and produce it to P’ such that OP! = OP.
Then, P’ is the image of P when reflected in the origin.
Clearly, the co-ordinates of P’ and P* (—x, ~
. P (x, )) when reflected in the origin, has the image P’ (-x, y).
“RG = Coy)
6. Invariant Points :
| __ A point P is said to be invariant with respect to a given line /, if the image of P in the line / is P
itself. This happens when P lies on the line /.
. Combination of Reflections :
() Reflection of P (x, y) in y-axis followed by reflection in x-axis, We denote the combined
transformation by RR, and operate it as under.
®-R,) 9) =R, LR, @ 9)
=R, (yy) [-R@ Y= Cy]
=(%, 9) = ROG»). [Re = W)]
(ii) Reflection of P (x, y) in
and in a manner similar as above, we can show that :
R,-R,=R,
+ We denote it by R,.R,
Thus = R,..Ry=R,. Ry =Ry-
(iif)Reflection of P (x, y) in x-axis followed by reflection in origi
: Clearly, it will be
denoted by R,.R, and we have
(RoR) & ») = Ry IR, @y)]
=R,@-
= Ce W=R, Gy).
Ry Roy
(iv) Reflection of P (x, y) in y-axis followed by reflection in origin : The cémbined reflection
is R,. R, and in a manner similar as above, we can show that :
R,. R= R,
| Similary, R,R,=R,
ii ae Ry Romi Arundeep’s Foundation Math-X
EXERCISE 12 (A)
Q.1. Draw co-ordinate axes and represent the
following points :
@AGA) (i) BI, 3)
(i) C(4,-3) @)DC3-4+)
ME ©, 6) (i) F (2, 0)
Sol. Thepoints A,B, C,D, Band Fare plotted
on the graph by taking XOX’ and YOY’
as axes :
Q.2. On which axis does the following point
lie?
() PG, 0) (i) QO, 4)
(it) R2, 0) G@)S (0, -3)
Sol. (i) P (3, 0)
