09

Determinants
REND 3YEARS Averoge No. of Questions Across all Sets
ALYSIS Types of Questions 2024 2023 2020

1Mark 2

TOPIC Expansion of Determinants 2Marks

3 Marks 1

4 Marks
5 Marks

6 Marks 1

1Mark 1

TOPICO Adjoint andInverse of 2 Marks

a Matrix
3Marks
4 Marks 1

5 Marks 1

!6 Marks 1

TOPIC 1
Expansion of Determinants
Determinant Value ofaDeterminant
To every square matrix A =[a, ]of order n, we can 1. Determinant of amatrix 4 =[a]of order lis given by
associatea number (real or complex) is calleda |A|=\a=a
deterninant of the square matrix A. It is denoted by det A
2. Determinant of a matrix A = of order 2 is
fa b) then determinant of A is written as
or 4, If 4=|
given by | 4|=
= det (A ).
c d
NOTE For matrix A, A|is read as determinant of A, not modulus of A.
{) Determinant gives numerical value but matrix o not give numerical 3. Determinant of amatrix 4 = a, dy) dz3 of order
value.
|az a32 33
(i) Only square matrices have determinants.
3 is given by expressing it in terms of second order
 AN

$2
Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers :
MATHEMATICS
deterninants. This is known as expansion of a O12
deterninant along arow or columm. and d1 d2 Oz=01 A t O2 A2 + O; A3
|A =(-1yl+1 \a2 +(-1)42
a2 (ii) If elements of a row (or column) are multiplied with cofactors of anv
a32 a33 d33 other row (or column), then their sum is zero.
+(-1)+3
a32 Singular and Non-singular
NOTE (1) There are six ways of
( expansion along first row, i.e. R] MatricesS
expanding a determinant of order 3
Coresponding to each of
three columns (C,, C, and three rows (R,, R, and R) and each of If the value of determinant corresponding to a square
C).
(i) For easier calculations we will
expand the determinant along that matrix is zero, then matrix is said to be a singular
row (orcolumn) which contains maximum number of zeroes. matrix, otherwise it is non-singular matrix. i.e. For a
(i) While expanding, instead of
multiplying by (- 1)'*, we square matrix 4, ifA =0, then it is said to be a
Imultiply by +1 or -1according as (i+ i) is even or odd. can singular matrix and if|A|#0, then it is said to be a
non-singular matrix.
Minor Theorems
1. IfA and B are non-singular matrices of the same order.
Minor of an element a; of a determinant is a then AB and BA are also non-singular matrices of the
determinant
obtained by deleting the ith row and jth column same order.
in which
element a; lies. Minor of the element ai is denoted by Mij: 2. The determinant of the product of matrices is equal to
NOTE Minor of an element of a determinant of order n (n2) is a product of their respective determinants, i.e.
determinant of order (n -1). |AB|=|A| B, where Aand B are square matrices of
same order.
3. The area of a triangle whose vertices are (x1.y). (xz,y2)
Cofactor and (x3, y) is given by

Cofactor of the element a, of a determinant, denoted by A; A=x, Y2

or C;,is defined as A, = (-1'*/ My, where M, is a minor
of the element aij.
NOTE (0) Since, area is a positive quantity, so we always take the absolute
NOTE (i) For expandingthe determinant, we can use minors and cofactors as value of the determinant.
O12 d13 (0) If area is given, then take both positive and negative values of the
determinant for calculation.
d21 d22 (iü) The area of the triangle formed by three collinear points is zero.
|Oz1 d32
PYQs Previous Years Questions
1Mark Questions 2x -1 Vx|
Multiple Choice Questions 8. The value of| 4|, if A=||-2x 2x where
- 2Vr
4. IfAis asquare matrix of order 2 and|
value of|54'| is A|=-2, then xER*, is CBSE Sample Paper 2022
CBSE 2024
(a) - 50 (b) - 10 (c) 10 (d) 50
(a) (2r +1)' (b) 0
(c) (2r+1)³ (d) None of these
2 7 1|
2. The value of the determinant 1 1 1|is
9. then the possible value(s) of x
10 8 1| CBSE 2023
(a) 47 is/are CBSE Sample Paper 2022
(b) -79
(c) 49 (d) -51 (a) 3 (b) V3
. 3 4 (c)-3
3. If 1 2 1|=0, then the value of oa is 8
10. Value of k, for which A is a singular matrix,
14 1 CBSE 2023
4 2k

(a) 1 (b) 2 is CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term l)

(c) 3 (d) 4
4, Let Abe a skew- symmetric matrix of order3. If (a) 4 (b) -4
(c) ±4 (d) 0
|A|=x, then (2023)* is equal to CBSE 2023
11. Given that Ais a non-singular matrix of order 3 such
(a) 2023 1
(b)
2023
that 4 =2A, then the value of24|is
CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term l)
(c) (2023)' (d) 1
(a) 4 (b) 8
|1 2 1| (c) 64 (c) 16
5. If\2 3 1|is non-singular matrix and a e A, then the sin o 1
|3 a 1| 12. Let A=|-sin a 1 sin a. where 0<as2,
set A is CBSE 2023 -1 -Sin . 1
(a) R (b) {0} (c) {4} (d) R-{4} then CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term l)
6. Let Abe the area of atriangle having vertices (a) |A|= 0 (b) |4<e (2, oo)
(i, y), (xz, ) and (x, y}). Which of thefollowing (c) |A|e (2,4) () |4<e [2,4]
is correct? CBSE 2023
13. Given that A=[a, ]is a square matrix of order 3x3
3
(a) x, , l=tA (b)x, , l|=+24 and| A| =-7, then the value of )a; A;,where A,;
i=1

denotes the cofactor of element a, is

CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term l)
(d) x (a) 7 (b) -7 (c) 0 (d) 49
2
2 3 2|
7. If the area of the triangle with vertices (-3,0), (3, 0) 14. If|x x x+3 =0, then the value ofx is
and (0, k) is 9 sq units, then the value's of k will be 4 9 1| Delhi 2020
CBSE Sample Paper 2023
(a) 3 (b)0
(a) 9 (b) ±3 (c) -9 (d) 6
(c)-1 (d) 1
 EC
Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers : MATHEMA

KEYCONCEPT
200 50) | S0 40|
15. Let A= 10 |and B 1then|48|is First, expand both determinants, which
gives an
equation in x and then solvethat equation to find the
Delhi 2020 value of x.
cqual to
(a)460 (b) 2000
(c) 3000 (d)-7000 3x 7
then find the value of x.
Very Short Answer Questions 26. If -2 All India 20),
16. Let A=[a; ]be a square matrix of order 3 x3and 27. Write the value of the determinant
p+1
|4|=-7. Find the value of a,yA1 t ajp A t aj3423: p-1
where 4; is the cofactor of element a,.
CBSE Sample Paper 2021 2x |1 5
Delhi 2014t
28. If then find the value of y
2(x +1) x+1| 3 3
17. Find
00 AIl India 2019
Delhi 2013
KEYcONCEPT
that
T8. If4=[a,, ]is a matrix of order 2x2, such Expand both determinants which gives an equation in y
then and then solve that equation to find the value of x
|4 =-15 and c; represents the cofactor of a;,CBSE Sample Paper 2018
find a,,C1 t ag2C22
19. Aand B are square matrices of order 3 each, A|=2 29. If+1 *-1_|4 -1| then write the value of x
CBSE Sample Paper 2017
|x-3 x+21 3
and|B|=3. Find |3AB|. Delhi 2013
20. Find the maximum value of 30. If A, is the cofactor of the element a, of the
1
2 -3 5
1
1 determinant|6 4 then write the value of
|1 1+sin
1 1+cos 0 Delhi 2016
|1 5 -7
All India 2013
sin cos
5 3 8|
21. If - sin -X 1 =8, writethe value ofx.
1
31. IfA =|2 0 1, write the cofactor of element dz).
cos Foreign 2016
|1 2 3 Delhi 2012
5 6 -3
|1 2 3
22. If A=-4 3 2. then write the cofactor of the
32. If A=|2 0 1, write the minor of element a.
-4 -7 3
5 3 8 Delhi 2012
element a,1 of its 2nd row. Foreign 2015
1 2 |5 3 8
23. If A=| -1andB, writethe value of 33. If A=2 0 1.then write the minor of the element
l3
|AB|. Delhi 2015C 12 3
Delhi 2012
24. In the interval /2<x<I, find the value ofx for
which the matrix |
2sin x 3
34. For what value of x, A=(2(x+1) 2x
is a singular
2sin x is singular.
All India 2015C
x-2
matrix? All India 2011C
5 6 -2 then write the value of x.
3 KEY cONCEPT
Delhi 2014
For a singular matrix, |A|= 0. Use this relation and solve
it.
Determinants

2 MMarks Questions 4Marks Questions

35. If Ais a square matrix of order 3 such that 4 =24. 1 a
then find the value of |A, CBSE Sample Paper 2021 38. If A=a 1|=-4, then find the value of
p 2 a 1 a
36. and|4°=125, then find the value of p.
All India 2019 a-1 a-a
0 a-a a -1
3 Marks Question a-a a'-1 CBSE Sample Paper 20 8
37. Show that thedeterminant
39. If A + B+C=t, find the value of
sin cos
sin (4 + B+C) sin B cos C
-sin 9 1 is independent of0.
- sin B tan A
Cos 1
CBSE 2023
cos (A + B) - tan A
CBSE Sample Paper 2017

Explanations
1. (a) Any square matrix of order 2 will be
a(2-4)-3(1-1)+4(4-2)=0
a(-2)-3(0)+4(2) =0
-2a +8=0
|4|=k'-0=k2 -2a =-8
Given, |A|=-2’ *'=-2 ,=4
[5k 0 4. (d) We know that, the determinant of an odd order
Now,
0 5k skew- symmetric matrix is zero.

|54']=25k =25 x(-2) |A|=0=x

=-50 (2023 )* = (2023) =1
2 7 1 |1 2 1]
2. (a) Let A =| 1 1 1 5. (4) Given, 2 3 1|is non-singlar matrix.
10 8 1 |3 a

On expanding the determinant along R,, we get |1 2 1

A=2(1-8)-71 -10) +1(8-10) 2 3
=2(-7)-7(-9) +1(-2) |3 a 1
=-14+ 63-2 ’ 13-a)-2(2-3)+1(2a -9) ÷0
=47 3-a+2+2a-9+0
a. 3 4| -4+a 0’a* 4

3. () Given, 1 2 1|=0 6. (b) The area of atriangle whose vertices are (I1, }»
1 4 1 1
On expanding along R,, we get
(az, 2)and (*3, y,) is A=x 2 1
 Chapterwise CBSE Solved
Papers:
According to the question.

1
|A-2 =8 MATHEMATIE
24|=2|A|=2' (8) =(8) -64 Sin a
7 () The area of 12. (d) We have, A =-Sin a.
triangle with vertices (x;, y; ). (x,. y;). sin c.
(W3. ;) is defined as. -1
-SIn 1

|-3 0 1 |A =1(1+ sin a)

A=| 3 0 1 -sin a(- sin . +sn a)
k 1 |A=2+2 sin +1(sina:
=;-30- k) +0+1(3k 0)=(6k)=|34| 0<sin asi
’ 19=3k 0<2sinas2
[given, area =9 sq units]
k=13 units 0+2s2+2sin´ as2+2’2s As4
2x-1 |A|e[2, 4]
8. (b) Givyen, A
=|1-2x 0 2vx
13. (b) LetA=21
-2Vr
|a31
|A|=0-(2r -1) 0+x (2x)
On expanding along C, then
+Na(-2Nx((-2r)-0) a23 a1
=-(2r-1)(2x) -2x(1-2r) =0 |A=-a12
9.,(d) We have, 2 4 2x 4
5 1 6 x
3
2(1)-5(4) =2x(x)-6 (4) i=1
2-20 =2x-24
2 3 2
2x =-18+24 =6 14. (c) We have,x x+3=0
*'=3’r=t3 |4 9 1
1.e.
x=3,-v3 »2(r-9x)-3(x - 4x) +2(9x -4x) +3 =0
10. (c) We have, A= -16x +9x+10x +3=0
|4 2k| 3x +3=0
Here, Ais singular matrix. 3x=-3
|A| =0 X=-1
|k 8
=0’ 2k'-32 =0 15. (d) We have, A =||200 50
4 2k| 10 2
k'=16 ’k=t4 |A = 400 500 =100
11. fc) Given, 4' |50 40
=24|4=|24| and B -

2 3
|4=2'|4| B|=150-80 =70
[:|4"|=|A|" and | k4|=k"|A, |AB| =|4|-|B
where mis order of matrix A]
=-100 x70=-7000
Determinants $7

46 We know that for any square matrix A=[a; ]of We know that maximum value of sin 20 is 1.
order n, 1
Ama Xl= (/2)
Sa, A =0, where l Sksn and k+i sin 0 cos
21. We have, -sin
(1) cos0

17. Given, A=|0 -1] and B = On expanding along RË, we get

2 x(-x-1)- sin 0(-x sin -cos )
Now, AB = +cos(- sin 9+x cos0)=8
-x'-x+x sin0+sin cos -sin cos
=
[0+0 0+0] 0 01 +x cos 08
0+0 0+0 ’ -x-x+x (sin' 0+ cos?0) =8
.:. |AB|=0 (1) -x'-x+x=8
:: sin + cos=1] (1/2)
18. We have, A =[a,] and|A|=-15 ’ -x=8 ’x+8=0
Let A= +2° =0
’ (x+2 )(*+4-2x) =0 ’ x=-2
Now, Cz =(-1)*a2 =(-)'aF =- aj2 (1/2) [:-2x +4=0, gives imaginary values] (12)
and C =(-1)*a =-1)"a1=41 Concept We know that expansion of a
Enhancer determinant of a matrix Aof
order 3along R, is|A=(-1)*'a
=|4|=-15 (1/2)
19. Given, order of matrices Aand B =3
+(-1'*az
and |4|=2 and|B|=3 5 6 -3|
Now, |3 AB|=3°|4||B|=27 x2 x3 =162 (1) 22. Given, 4=-4 3 2
|1 1 1
-4 -7 3
20. Let A=1 1+ sin 1
1 1+cos Now, cofactor of a,1
On expanding along first row i.e. Rj, we get
=-(18-21) =3 (1)
|1+sin 9 1 1
|1 2
s=l 1 1+cos0| 1 1+cos 23. Clearly, |4|=:|3 -1-6=-7
1+sin 1 3
1 and

=((1+sin 0) (1+ cos0) -1]-[1+cos -1] |AB|=|4|·|B|=(-7)(4) =-28 (1)

+[1-1-sin 9] Sin x 3
24.
=l+cos0+ sin + sin cos 0-1- cos - sin 0 1 2sin x
= sin 9 cos :Ais a singular matrix.
1 |2 sin x 3
2sin9cos ) =sin 20 (1/2)
|A|=0’ 1 2 sin x
=0
(1/2)
 s8 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers:

4sinx-3 =0 31. Cofactor of element a

MATHEMATC,
3
sinx= 8
4

taking positive square --1)6-16)=11

Sin x =
32. Minor of element a, = 1 3
T
| root because<x<
2 |5 8|
27
X=
:
3 =8-15 =-7
(1/2)
Concept We know that minor of an
25. Given, Enhancer element a, of a
determinant which is obtained bydeterminant
is a
2x -40=18-(-14)
deleting the
row and jth column ín which elements a, lies. ith
2x-40 =32 ’ 2x2 =72 33. Minor of the element a3 = 5 3
x' =36 |1 2
x=t6 (1) =10 -3=7
26. Do same as ). No. 25. Ans. -2 34. We know that a matrix A is said to be singular.
if |A|=0.
27. Let A= p+l 2x +2 2x
|p-1 =0
X x-2|
On expanding, we get (2x +2) (*-2)-2*² =0
A=p-(p-1) (p +1) 2x'-2x-4-2x =0
-2x = 4
A=p' -(p-1') x=-2
()
[:a'-b =(a+ b) (a -b)] 35. We have, 4 =2A
A= p'-p+1 A-A=2A
A=1 (1)
2x
|A-A|=|24|
28. Given, x+31 5
’ |4||4| =2° |A|
|2(x +1) x+1| |3 3|
’2x (x +1)- (x +3 ) (2x +2 )=3-15 [:|AB|=|4||B| and |kA|=k"|A|]l o
2x +2x -(2r' +8x +6) =-12 |A| =8|4|
-6x -6=-12 |A| -8|4|=0
6x =6 ’ |A|(| A|-8) =0
X=1 (1) |A|=0or 8 (1)
29. Dosame as ). No. 28. Ans. 2 21
36. Given, A=|
|2 -3 5
30. Let A=6 0 4
|A|= p 2 -4
|1 5 -7| 2 p|
Here, az, =5 and 4=125
Given, A, is the cofactor of the element a; of A.
’ |4|'=125 [(:|4=|4'
6 4-1(8- 30) =22 ’ (p'-4) =125 ’p' -4=5
agA =5x22 =110 (1) ’ p'=9 ’ p=t3 {2
Determinants 59

sin cos 0 C Ci2 C3

37. Let A¬=-sin 9 1 (1) Let, A, =C Cp C3
cos 1 X
|C1 Cyy Cy3
On expanding along R,, we get a'-1 a-a|
-1)-sin 0(-x sin9- cos0) a-a a'-1|
|a-a a'-1 0
+cos0 (-sin +x cos )
-x+x (sin + cos 0) +sin 0 cos - cos sin |Cji Ci2 Ci3
=-x'-+x We know that|C1 C Co==A (1)

=-x',which is independent ofe. Hence proved. (2) Cs Cy C

A=A=(-4)'=16
Common Sometime students expand the
Mistake determinant without taking proper a'-1 a-a4|
sign. For expanding a determinant we must use signs as
Thus, 0 a-a a'-l|=16
follow + a-a a-1
(1)
+

39. We have, A+B +C=T ...)

38. We have, sin (4 + B +C) sin B Cos C
1
Now, - Sin B 0 tan A
A= a a? 1=-4 0
cos (A + B) - tan A
a? 1
sin T sin B COs C

From this, we can find out that - sin B tan A (1)

CË =(-1)* (a'-)=(-I)°(a' -)=a'-1 cos(T -C) tan A

0 sin B cos C|
Cp =(-1)*2(a'-a')=(-)°0) =0
-sin B tan A| (1)
Cs =(-1)* (a-at) =a-a -cos C -tan A 0
Cz =(-1)* (a'-a')=0
0 tan A sin B tan A
Czp =(-1)* (a-at)=a -a' =0x -sin B X
- tan A 0 cosC
Cz =(-1)*1-a') =(-1y°1 -a') =a'-1 -Sin B
+cos Cx (1)
C =(-1)* (a-a')=a-a' -cos C -tan A
Cy =(-1)*1-a') =a-1 [expanding along R,]
=0-sin B tan Acos C + cos C sin B tan A =0 (1)
Csg =(-1) (a? -a') =0 (2)
 TOPIC2
Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix
Adjoint of a Matrix Properties of an Inverse Matrix
The adjoint of asquare matrix A=[a; lv is defined as Let Aand Bbe two square invertible matrices of
the transpose of the matrix formed by cofactors of the order, then same
elements a; and it is denoted by adi (4), ()(4y=4 () (4 )=(4'y
i.e. Adjoint of amatrix A=[a,hxn is a
matrix (A, nT xn> (ii) (AB)=B'A (iv) |4|=|41
where A; isa cofactor of element a,;.
(v) A4- =A'4 =I
NOTE For asquare matrix of order 2, given by A= he adj(A) can (vi) adj(A") = (adj4) l
also be obtained by interchanging d, and o,, and by NOTE (0 IfA, BandC are invertible matrices of the same
changing signs (ABC)-= c-B'A order, then
ofo,and a, i.e. adj (4) = 2 -On
- O11 (ü) Only square matrices have adjoint or inverse

Properties of Adjoint of a Matrix Solution of System of Linear Equations

IfAis a square matrix of order n, then
by Using Inverse ofaMatrix
(or by matrix method)
1. A(adj 4)=(adj 4)4=|4|!,
Let the system of linear equations be a,x +hy+zzi
2. adj A=4 provided|A|+0 azx +b, y+C,z=d, and a,x + b, y+Cyz=dy.
3. adj (4' ) =(adj 4)' We can write the above system of linear equations in
matrix form as AX B, where
Inverse of aSquare Matrix a
IfA is a non-singular matrix (i.e. |A+0), then A=|a) b, C X=y and B= d,
adj(A) d,
Case I If A|#0, then system isconsistent and
has a unique solution which is given by
For non-singular matrix A=| a1 the inverse X=A'B.
Case II If A|=0and (adj A) B0,then system is
inconsistent and has no solution.
A1 A31 Case II If| A|= 0and (adj 4) B=0, then system may be
is A= Ay2 Ay2 where A, is the either consistent or inconsistent according as the
|41 system have either infinitely many solutions or no
A13 Az3 Ag3 solution.
cofactor of element aij. NOTE Asystem of equations is consistent or inconsistent according as
NOTE Inverse of a square matrix, if exists, it is unique. solution exists or not.
PYOs Previous Years Questions
1Mark Questions 9. IfAand B are invertible square matrices of the same
order, then whichof the following is not correct?
Multiple Choice Questions CBSE Sample Paper 2023
1. If Ais a square matrix of order 3 such that the value of (a) adj 4 =|A|+A-! (b) det(A-')=(det(4)F'
| adj 4\= 8,then the value of| 4 |is CBSE 2024 (c) (AB) =B'4 (d) (A +B) = B-+4-!
(a)2 (b) - 2 10. Given that Ais a square matrix of order 3 and
(c)8 |A =-4, then|adj Ais equal to
(d) 2/2
CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term 1)
|2 -1 1| (a) -4 (b) 4 (c) -16 (d) 16
2. For the matrix A= 2 0to be invertible, the
|1 -2 3| 11. For matrix 4 = 2 5] then (adj AY is equal to
value of is CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term 1)
CBSE 2024
(a) 0 (b) 10
(c) R-10 (d) R-10;
7 -3 -3| 3 1|
12. For then 144 is given by
3. If inverse of matrix -1 1 0 is the matrix -1 2 CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term l)
-1 0
[1 3 3|
|1 A 3 then the value of is |1 -1 0 2 2 -4|
I3 4 CBSE 2024 13. If A=|2 3 4 and B=-4 2 -4L then
(a) - 4 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4 0 1 2 2 -1 5
|3 0 01 CBSE Sample Paper 2022 (Term l)
4. If A(adj A)=|0 3 0 then the value oflA| +|adj 4| (a) A-=B (b) 4-= 6B
00 3 (c) B- =B () B-A
6
is equal to CBSE 2023

(b) 9 14. IfA is a square matrix of order 3, such that

(a) 12 (c) 3 (d) 27
All Indig 2020
A(adj A) =107, then |adj A|is equal to
5. Let Abe a 3 x3 matrix such that| adj 4|=64. Then, |4| (c) 100 (d) 10
(a) 1 (b) 10
is equal to CBSE 2023
a 0 0
(a) &only (b)-8only
(c) 64 (d) 8 or -8 15. If A=0 a 0 then det (adj4) equals
5. If for a square matrix A. A-34 +I=0 and |0 0 Delhi 2020

A=xA+ yl,then the value of x+ yis CBSE 2023 (a) a 27 (b) a (c) a 6 (d) a'
(a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)-3
Very Short Answer Questions
7. If for asquare matrix A, A -A+1=0, then A 16. Given that Ais a square matrix of order3x3 and
CBSE 2023
equals |A|=-4. Find | adj 4|. CBSE Sample Paper 2021
(a) A (b) A+I (c) I-A (d) 4-1
2
8. Given that Ais a square matrix of order 3 and
|A|=-2, then adj(2A)|is equal to
17. Find adj (4), it 4= 4 3 Delhi 2020
CBSE Sample Paper 2023
(a) - 26 (b) 4 (c) - 28 (d) 2 18. For write A4
All India 2020
 62 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers:

19. Ir fort any 2x2 square matrix 4, 8 0 28.

MATHEMATIE
verify that
3
then write the value of] 4|. All India 2017 (AB) =B-A
20. For what values of k. the svstem of lincar cquations
All Indio 2014
X+ +z=2
5 Marks Questions
2r + -z=3 [1 2 -3|
3r +2y+ kz =4 29. If A=|2 0 -3 then find A
has a unique solution? All India 2016
and hence solve
|1 2 0
the following system of equations
2Marks Questions
x+2y-3z=1
21. |3 1] show that A'-54+7I =0 2x -3z =2
x+2y=3
Hence, find 4-!. CBSE Sample Paper 2021 30. Find the product of the matrices CBSE 2024
1 2 -31| -6 17 13
22. Given compute A'and show that 2 3 2 14 5
-8| and hence solve the
24- =9I- A. |3 -3 -4|| -15 9 -1
CBSE 2018
system of linear equations
23. If A=| [2 3 be such that A =kA, then find the x+2y-3z=-4
value of k.
CBSE 2018C, AllIndia 2011 2x +3y +2z =2

24. Find the inverse of the matrix -3 2 3x-3y-4z=11 CBSE 2024

5 -3|
2 -2] 3 -1
1
31. If A=-1 3 0and B! -15 6 -5 find
Hence,find the matrix P satisfying the matrix
equation |0 -2 5 -2 2
(AB)-!,
CBSE 2023
CBSE Sample Paper 2018 3 2
32. If A= then find Aand use it to solve the
4 Marks Questions [5 -7
1 -2 3] following system of equations :
25. If A= 0 -1 4| then find (4')'. 3x +5y=11,2x - 7y=-3.
CBSE 2023
-2 2 1 33. Solve the following system of
Delhi 2015 method: equations by matrix
CBSE 2023
-1 -2 -2 x+2y+3z =6
26. Find the adjoint of the matrix A 2 1 -2
2 -2 2x-y+z=2
3x +2y-2z=3
and hence show that A(adj A) =|A|l3. All India 2015 34. Find the inverse of the
matrix
27. If. 2 -1 and I is the identity matrix of |1 -1 2
2 order 2, A=|0 2 -3.Using the inverse A
then show that 4 =44-31. solve the
Hence, find A. |3 -2 4

Foreign 2015 system of linear equations

x- y+2z=1,2y-3z =1,3x -2y +
4z=3. CBSE 2023
 Determinants 63

-3 -2 -4 |1 2 0 Using A,solve the following system of equatio ns:

35.IfA=|
23 B=-2 - -2 then find AB 2x -3y+52 =11
3x +2y-42 =-5
ond use it to solve the following Al India 2020, CBSE 2018
system of equations xty-2z=-3
CBSE 2023
x-2y=3 [1 3 2]
2r- y-z =2 41. If A=|2 0 -1, then show that
-2y+z=3 |1 2 3
|2 -3 A-44'-34 +11i =0.
36. If A=|3 2 -4, find Hence find A-! Delhi 2:)20
A.Use 4- to solve the
1 1 -2
following system of equations 2x-3y+5z=11, 42. Show that for the matrix 2 -3
3x +2y- 4z=-5,x+y-2z=-3. |2 -1 3
CBSE Sample Paper 2023
4-64 +54 +1 1/ =0.
37. Using matrix method, solve the following system of
equations Hence, find A-. Alllndia 2019
4 65 6 9 20
224=4--=land + 1 3 4]
43. If A=|2 1 2 find A-.
=2, x, y, z#0.
CBSE Sample Paper 2023; Delhi 2011 5 1 1]
KEY CONCEPT Hence, solve the system of equations
x+3y+4z=8
First. let=u,-=vand=w andthen reduce system of 2x + y+2z =5
equations in terms ofu,v and w. Get the values ofu, v and and 5x +y+z=7 AllIndiag 2019
wby using matrix method and then find x, y andz from
above mentioned substitutions. 1 1 1|
1 2 44. If A=| 0 2, find A.Hence, solve the system of
38. If A=|-2 -1 -2| find 4.Hence, solve the 3 1 1|
0 -1 1 equationsx+ y+z=6,x+2z =7,3x +y+z=12.
Delhi 2019
system of equations; CBSE Sample Paper 2021
x-2y=10, 2x -y-z=8, -2y+ z=7 5 0 4| 1 3 3
39. Evaluate the product AB, where 45. GivenA=|2 3 2, B =|1 4 3,
1 -1 0| 2 2 -4| |1 2 1| 13 4
A=|23 4 and B -4 2 -4 compute (AB) CBSE 2018C

0 1 2 2 -1 5
3 2 1
Hence, solve the system of linear equations 46. If A=4 -1 2|, then find 4 and hence solve the
x-y=3, 2r +3y+4z =17, y+2z=7 7 3
CBSE Sample Paper 2021
following system of equations.
5 Marks Questions CBSE Sample Paper 2018

2-3 5 3x +4y+7z=14,
0. If 4=3 2 -4| then find 4, 2r- y+3z =4,
1 1 -2 x+2y-3z=0
 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers:

10 53. Using matrices, solve the following system of

MATHEMATG
47. 1f 4 4 find 4.Using 4 solvethe cquations.
X- y+2z=7
|6 9-20
3r +4y-52 =-5
system of equations 2x- y+3z =12
and
2 3
KEYCONCEPT
Delhi 2012
First, write the given system of equations in matrix
4
AX =B. Then, determine the cofactors determinant form
A an
-+-=5;
A-'and then use the relation X=AB, to get the value
ofx,y and z.
and
6 9 20
-=4
Delhi 2017 54. Using matrices, solve the following system of linesr
equations.
-4 4 4 ||| -1 1
x+y-z=3
448. Determine the product of|-7 1 3|1 -2 -2
2x +3y +z=10
S -3 -1||2 1 3 and 3x-y-7z=l Alllndia 2012; Delhi 2009e
and then use to solve the system of cquations
55. Using matrices, solve the following system of
x-y+z=4, equations.
x-2y-2z =9 3r +4y+7z=4,2r -y+3z =-3
and 2x + y+3z=1. Alllndia 2017: Delhi 2012C and x+2y-3z =8 All India 2012
KEY cONCEPT 56. Using matrices, solve the following system of
First, find the product of given matrices and then find equations.
the inverse of coefficient matrix by using the obtained
product and then by using concept of matrix method, 2x +3y+3z=5,
find the values of x,yand z. *-2y+z=-4
and 3x-y-2z=3 All India 2012
-1 2| -2 0 1
49. Use product|0 2 -3 9 2 -3 2 1| 1

|3 -2 6 1 -2| 57. IfA=-1 1 1. then find A and hence solve the

to solve the system of equations |1 -3
x- y+2z =1 system of equations
2y-3z=1 x+2y+ z=4
and 3x-2y+4z =2. Delhi 2017; Foreign 2011 -x+ y+ z=0
and x-3y+z=4. Delhi 2012C
50. Verify A(adj 4) =(adj A) 4 =|A|/ for matrix
|| -J 2 |1 2 -3|
A=|3 0 -2| 58. FindA, where A=2 3 2 Hence, solve the
3 |3 -3 -4
CBSE Sample Puper 2017
system of equations,
|0 2y
51. Find the value of x, yand z, if A=| x+2y-3z=-4
-Z
2x +3y+2z =2
and 3x -3y-4z=11 AllIndia 2012C, 2010, 2008
satisfies A'= 4 CBSE Sample Paper 2017 59. Using matrices, solve the following system of
cos . - sin a equations.
52. If A=|sin O. COS O. 0 find adj Aand verify that A 4x +3y+2z =60
x+2y+3z=45
and 6x +2y+3z = 70 All lndia 2911
fadj 4) =(adj 4) A=| A|l3. Foreign 2016
Determinants 65

60. Using matrices, solve the following system of 2x +3y+2z =2

AllIndia 2011, 2008
cquations. and 3x-3y-4z =11
x+2y+ z=7 f0 -2 1
x+3z=11 A and hence solve the
2x-3y=l
62. If A=|0 -1 1 then find
and All India 2011: Delhi 2008C 0 -3

following system of equations

61. Using matrices, solve the following system of X-2y+ z=0,-yt z=-2 and 2r-3z=10
All India 2011C
equations.
x+2y-3z =-4

Explanations
7x3-32 -9=0
4. (d) We know that| adj 4|=|A|, where nis the
32, =12
order of the squarematrix.
h=4
8=|4|3-1 [|adj A|=8] |3 0 0
|4=8 1 0=3I
4.(a) Given, A(adj4) =|0 3 o=3o
|4|=+2/2 0
l0 0 3 0 1
|4|=242 [consider positive values] We know that,

Since, |4 |=|4| =2/2. A(adj 4) =|A|I =31

[2 -1 1] |A|=3 and |adj A|=|4|"= =(3) [where, n=3]
2. (d) Given,A = 2. 0 =3 =9
|1 -2 3 .. J4|+|adj 4|=3+9=12
is the order
Amatrix is invertible, if] A|0. 5. (d) We know that, | adj 4|=|A|, where n
2 -1 1 of matrix A.

Here, | A|=| 2 0=0 |adja|=|4|3-!

|1 -2 3 ’ 64=|4|
’ 2(6-0) +1(32 -0) +1(-21. -2) +0 |A|=+8
12 +32-22, - 2+0
6. (b)Given, 4-34 +I =0
2+10#0 A'-34=-I
A¢-10 A-A-3A=-I
[7 -3 -3| [1 3 3| ’ A-(A.A)-34- A-=--4-1
3
3. (d) Given, A=-l 1 0 and A'=|1 [post multiplying both sides by 4'I
1 3 4|
A-I-3I=-4
44 =l; A=-4+3/
|?-3-3[1 3 3 [1 0 0] On comparing with A =xA+ yl, we get
>-1 1 x=-land y=3
| 3 4| |0 0 1| .. xty=-1+3=2
4,
On multiplying first row ofA and second row of
 66 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers:

7. (c)Given, 4' -A +l =0 144-1

MATHEMAN
A-A- A+/=0
A-A-A=-1
1 -1 0|
13. (d) Given, A=|2 3 4
[post multiplying by A] 0 1 2|
A(A4-)-l =-41 2 2 -4
Al -I=-A and B=-4 2 -4
A-=]-A |2 -1 5
8. (d) Given,| A|=-2 and order of Ais 3. [1 -1 0|| 2 2 -41
Now, |adj(24)j=|Q4)-'=|24|' =(2|4)? Now. AB =2 3 4||-4 2 -4

[:|adj 4< =| 4|"-] |0 1 2|| 2 -1 5

=Ý|A|=2 x(-2)' =28 2+4+0 2-2+0

9. (d) (4 + B)" =B +4 is not true.

AB =4-12 +8 4+6-4 -8-12 +20 -4+4+0
0-4+4 0+2-2
10. (d) Given,| A| =-4 andorder of Ais 3, 04+10
6 0 0 1 0 0
We know that, adj A=|A ", where n is order of
matrix.
AB =0 6 0=60 1 o=61
|0 0 6 |0 0 1
|adj A< =|4|'
Onpre-multiplying by A, we get
|adj A|=(-4)' =16
(4'A) B64I ’ B =64 ’ A=1
11. (c) We have, 6
On post multiplying by B, we get
The cofactors of| A| are ABB- =6B-! B 1
A =7, Ap =11, A =-5and A, =2
14. (c) We know that
adj A= A2 A(adjA) =| A|!
An We have, A(adj A) =10/
:(adj 4)'=An A2 [: (P)'=P] |A|=10
Az1 A Again, ladj 4|=|A=
12. (b)Given, | adj A|=|4=|4'=(0) =100
Cofactors of| Aare a0
A =2, A, =l, A, =-l and A,, =3 15. (c) We have A=|0 a 0|

:. (adj 4)= |A Ap
|A|=a
|A, Azg
Now, 4=6+l=7 |adj 4|=|4|=|4 =(a')' =a
1 Concept We knowthat
Enhancer ladjA| =|A |n- provided|A|+0
Determinants 67

16. Weknow that | adj 4|=A |A|*0

1
=(-4)-! (:|4|=-4, n=3] .
2 1 (1/2)
=(-4) =16 (1)
|3 2 k
17. Wehave, 1(k +2 ) -1(2k +3 ) +1(4-3)=0
k +2-2k -3 +10 ’ -k #0
Cofactors of|A|are
k 0
A, =3, A12 =-4, A21 =land A,) =2
Hence, for a unique solution k should be a non-zero
A A] real number. (1/2)
adj(4) =|[A12 (1)
21. We have,
18. Given A : then
3+2 |
-1+4|
|41=3+4=1=0 (1/2)
(1)
So. Ais not singular matrix and 4 exists. Now.
cofactors of each element of] A| are -15 -5]
A| =-,A12 =-(1) =-1 -10|
Az1 --4) =4, A,2 =3
and
Now, adj

1 .A'-5A +7I =|
A (1/2)

8 0
19. Given,
0 8 Hence, the matrix Asatisfies A -5A+71 =0.
’ |A||adj (A)]= 64 -0 (1/2) Now, A -54+77 =0
|A|| A| =64 [|adj A4A|"] A-54=-71
|4| =64 A'(A -54) =A-71)
|A|=t8 (1/2)
20. Given, system of linear equations is
A'42 -54-'4=- 7(4')
X+y+z =2 A-51 =-74
2x + y- z=3
3x +2y+ kz =4 A=-(4-sI)=-(61-4)
It can be written in matrix form as
AX = B
(1)
1 [2]
where, A=|2 1 and B =| (3 Common In this type of questions, for finding
Mistake the value of A-1 sometimes students
3 2 apply the formula A-'=. 1 (adj A)
The condition for the system of linear equations has a |A|
unique solution, is But in the this question using the above formula is wrong.
 68 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers :
MATHEMATie:
22. We have, LA=-10. which shows that inverse of matrix
exists.

2 -3
Here, |A|= =14-12=2+0
|-4 7 Cp =(-I)*a =(-1)'a, =-5
-1
. exists. (1/2) Czy =(-1) ag =(-1)'ag =-2
Clearly. Cyp =(-1)'* aj =(-1)*ay =-3
b d
d

...) (12)
Now,
Now, consider RHS =91- A Igiven
[from Eq. (j
On post-multiplying both sides by A, we get
: AA =Iand Pl =p
=24-! [Using Eq. (1)]
=LHS Hence proved. (1) 3+10 2+6| 13

23. We have, (12

1 -2 3
25. We have, A= 0 -1 4
Clearly. -2 2
2 3 -2 3
and |4|==-4-15=-19 (1) Now, |A| =|0 -1 4
-2 2 1
A'adj
|4|
4= 1-2 -3|
(-19)|-5 =1(-1-8) +2 (0 +8) +3 (0-2)
[expanding along k,)
=-9+16-6=1+0 ()
So, A is non-singular matrix and its inverse exists.
On comparing with 4 =kA (given), we get Cofactors of elements of Aare
1
k=
19 (1) 1-)--9
2
24. Let ..)
-2
=-(0+8)=-8
We know that A: 0 -1|
Ay=(-1)' -2 2 0-2)=-2
-3 22
Now, |4] = S-3=-3) (-3) - (2) (6) 3

=9-10=-1
Ay =(-1
"-2-6)=8
 69
Determinants

3|
|=(l+6)=7 Ay=(-1% 2
-2+4) =-6
1 -2 (1)

given by
i-2 3 Clearly,the adjoint of the matrix Ais
Ay=(-!)"-8+3)=-5 |-3
=-6
6
3
6
-6 (1/2)
adj A= Ap Ag A2
An =(-1)*2 0 -4-0
-4-9=-4 |A13 A3 A3-6 -6 3
-2| -1 -2 -2|
(1)
Now, |4|=|2 I
1 -2

A1 As1-9 8 -s 22 -2 1
Thus, adj 4=| A12 Ag2 Ay=-8 7 -4 =-1|-4) +2 (2+4) -2 (-4-2)
|A13 A3 As 2 2 -l =-l(-3)+2 (6)-2 (-6)
=3+12 +12 =27 (1)
-9 8 -5|
Hence, A =adj 4=-8 7 -4 -1 2 -2|-3 6 6
(1)
1
and 4-(adj A) =| 2 1 -2||-6
3 -6
-2 2 -1|
2 -2 1||-6 -6 3
9 8 -5-9 -8 -2
[3+12 +12 -6-6+12 -6+12 -6|
Now, (4) =(4y=|-8 7 -4= 8 2
12-6-6
-2 2 -1| |5 4 -1 =|-6-6+12 12 +3+12
(1) |-6+12-6 12-6-6 12+12 +3
-1 -2 -2| [27 0 0 0|
26. Given, A=2 1 -2 =| 0 27 0=270 10
|2 -2 1 0 0 27 0 0 1|
Let A, be the cofactor of an element a,, of]A. =271, =|A|1; Hence proved. (1)
Then, cofactors of elements of] A|are
27. Given,
Ay=e1y-0-4)--3
4+1

[multiplying row by colmn] (1)

and

|2 I ...(ii)
-2+4)=-6 From Eqs. (i) and (i1), we get
2
A =44-31 ...(111) (1)
4-2)=6 Hence proved.
 MATHEMATIA
70 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers :

and
Here,
So, A is
l4=4-|=340
non-singular matrix and its inverse exists. (4) (AB)'=,
|AB|
adj(4B)=-
1 -14

Now, pre-multiplying both sides of Eg. (ii) by 4:

We get

A·4 =A(44 -3/ )

(AA)4=44-14-34-! I
IA = 41 -34-1 [4 3
(12
[:A-4 =]=4-!A and A-=A](2)
A=4]-34-! [:IA =A=Al] and B-l=.
1

34- =4J -4 |B|

Now,

|2/3 131 1|12+2 9-4|

(1) 4+1 3-2|
23
2 3
28. Given, 4 =|1 and [from Eq. (0]
-4
AB= Hence, (AB) - -B-'4-!, (1)

|1 2 -3|
-4+9
(1/2) 29. Here, |A|=|2 0 -3

|2 3
-2-12] 12 0

=1(0 +6)-2(0+3) -3(4)

Now, |4=-8-3=-liz0
1 -4| =6-6-12 =-12 #0
Thus, A is invertible.
|=3-2=1#0
Now, the cofactor of|A|are
-1 5 Cy =6, Cp =-3,C3 =4
=14-25 =-1l#0 (1)
and |48|= 5 -14 Cz =-6, Cz =3, Cz3 =0
Thus, A, B and AB are non-singular matrices, so their C31 =-6,Cgy =-3, C33 =-4
inverse exists.
6 -3 4 6 -6 -61

Now, adj A=-6 3 -

-6 3 o =-34 03 -4| -3

-6 -3 -4
6 -6 -6
1 1
-3 3-3
So, adj 4 =
|A|
adj(B) = -24 0 4)
Determinants
71

The given cquations are .-6 I7 13]

r+2r-3z=1,2rin -3z=2 andx+2y=3
hich can be
B-!
1
14 5 -8
written matrix form as 4X = B. where
[1 2 -3 written in matrix
Given system of equations can be
A=|2 0-3X =y\and B=|2| form as
2 0 BX =C
|1 2 -3] 1
2 0 -3 2 [1 2 -3|
|1 2 0 where B =|2 3 2
6
|3 -3 -4|
-6 1
1
-3 3 -3|2 [-6 17 13| -4|
12
4 0 - 4||3 5 -8|
15 9 -1|| 11
6-12-18] -24|
12
-3+6-9 -6 24+34 +143|
4+0-12 -56+10-88
67
+60+18-11|
1 201 |3
2 = -134 -2
67
+67
2
On comparing corresponding elements, we get
1 2 x=3, y=-2 z=1
:.x=2 y=and z =
31. We know that, (AB)- =B-a-l
[1 2 -3 -6 17 13
|1 2 -2|
30. Let B=|2 3 2 and A=| 14 5 -8
Here, A =|-1 3 0
|3 -3 -4| -15 9 -1| 0 -2
2 -3|| -6 17 131 |A=1(3 +0)-2(-1-0) -2(2-0)
.. BA=|2 3 2 14 5 -8 =3+2 4=l*0
3 -3 --4|| -15 9 -1| So, A exists. (1)
-6+28 + 45 17+10-27 13 -16+3 | ..Cofactors of elements of]A|are
=-12+ 42-30 34 +15+18 26-24-2 3 0
-18- 42 +60 51-15-36 39 +24+4| -2 i=0-0)-3
[67 0 0 [1 0 0
0 67 0 =67 0 1 0=671 0 =--1-0)=l
0 0 67| |0 0 1 3

BA =671, B'BA=B67
-2-0)=2
[Pre-multiplying both sides by B-' 2 -2|
-2 1 -Q-4)-2
A= B-'67 [::B=B =I]
 MATHEMATICe
Papers :
72 Chapterwise CBSE Solved

A12
A2

2
Ay =(-1* -2-0)=2 adj
1
dsy=(-I)1|2 -2 A-= adj 4
o=(0+6)=6
3
7
Ayy =(-1)"2L-1 0 -(0-2) =2 31 31
3
(2

1 2| L31 31
Ay =(-1)*-0+2)=5 (14)
Now, the given system of
equations is expressible as

adj A= A1 Ag2 Azs

|As1 Az2 Ag3 AX =B
[3 1 21' 3 2 6 X =(4)'B
=|2 1 2 =1 12 -(41) B
6 2 5| 2 2 5 7 2 7
|3 2 6] 3 2 6] 31 31
31
1 2=l 1 1 2 5 2 3
|2 2 5|2 2 5] (1) L31
Now, (AB)'=B'4-! 77 15 62
31 31 i y=l (0
3 -1 1||3 2 6
22
=|-15 6 +
31
31
-2 2
can be written as
9-1+2 6-1+2 18-2+5 33. The given system of equation
AX = B, where
=-45 +6-10 -30 +6-10 -90+12-25| 2 3 J6
15-2+ 4 10-2+4 30 4+10 1
and B=|2
10 7 21
A=|2 -1 1 x= 3
|3 2 -2
-49 -34 -103
|17 12 36 (1) Here,|4|=1(2-2) -2 (-4-3)+3(4 +3)
=0+14+21=350

32. Given, So, A exists.

:.Cofactors of elements of] A.
|A=-21-10=-31 0
1
Since, A is non-singular, so A exists. (1)
2
-2/-2-2)=0
Now,cofactors of elements of| A| are
1
A,,=(-1)-)=-7 |3 -2-4-3)=7
Ap =(-1)6)=-5
Azy =(-1)(2) =-2 4+3)=7
3 2
Ag =(-1)**(3) =3
peterminonts

73
2 3

---6)=10 3
Cofactors of elements of} 4| are
2 -3
3-2-(-2-9) =-||
|3 -8-6=2
.s(-D-2-6-4
3
A(-yao -3 =-(0+9) =-9
3 4
3
2
-1 =2+3 =5 = (0-6) = -6
3 -2|
|-1 2|
2 i--6=5 4y =(-)* -2 -4+4)=0
4
2

A Aj3
(2)
Ag-(-y-4-0)--2
.. adj A=| A1 A2 Ay3
[A1 Ay2 Ag3
7
|0 10 5
|10 -11 4 =|7 -11 5 2
Jo -3--3-0)=3
|5 5 -5| [7 4
|0 10 5
1 (1A)
-(adj A) 7 -11 5
|A| 35 (1)
|7 4 -5 A2.
Now, X =A-'B . adj A = A1 An Ag3
x
1
|0 10 6 Ag1 A3
y= 7 -11 5-2| -9 -6 2 0 -1|
35
7 -5|3| =|0 -2 -1 =-9 2 3
0+20 +15 -1 3 2 -6 -1 2
42-22 +15 2 -1|-2 0 11
..4 adj4
42 +8-15 -9 -2 3 =9 2 -3 (2)
-6 -1 6 1 -2
35
35 Now, the given system of equation can be written in
35 the form of AX = B,
35
1 -1 2
i.x=l,y=land z=1 (1) where, A=|0 2 -3, X = yland B=|
|1 -1 2 |3 -2 4
34. We have, A=0 2 -3 3
As, A|=-1÷0, so given system of equation has a
|3 -2 4 unique solution given by X = 4B
i.| 4=1(8-6) +1(0+9)+2(0-6) x2 0 1 -2+0+3]
=2+9-12 -39+2-9
|6 1 -2||3| 6+1-6
So, Ais invertible. (1)
 74 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers:

Hence, x=1 y=2and z =1. (14)

-
MATHEMA
1 -2|
Common For finding the adjoint of a matrix,
Mistakes students commit some common
mistakes like (i) finding cofactors Cs
Sign. (i) taking the transpose of awithout taking proper
matrix made from tne
cofactors
|-3 -2 -4 |1 2 0
C -(6-)=-1
35. Given, A= 2 1 2 and B=-2 -1 -2 5

|1 -2| =-4-5=-9
2 3 0-1 1
|-3 -2 -4|| 1 2 |2 -3
.:. AB = 2 1 2 -2 Czg
-1 -2
1
0 -1 1
|-3+4+0 -6+2+ 4 0+4- 4] |1 0 0 Cy 2 -4=12-10=2
2-2+0 4-1-2 0-2+2=0 1 0
| 2-2+0 2
4-1-3 0-2+3| 0 0 1 Cy
:.B=A
Now, the given system of
BX -C equation can be written as
(2) =--(-8-1)=23
2
3
-3
=4+9=13
Ci Cy2 Cis
Where, X = .. adj A=| |0 2
|C1 C2 Cz3 -1 -9 -5
|C31 Cy9 C |2 23 13
.X=(B' )'C= (B-yc [:(8)=(By1 [0 -1 2
.. adj A=|2 -9 23
-3 -2 43 |1 -5 13
-| 2 1 32 2||3]
2 1 22=2
3
1 1||2| 0 -1 2]
2 3|3 -9 23
-9+4+6] |1 -s 13
-6+2+3 |= |0 1 -2
.. x=, y=-l
|-12+4+9] =|-2 9 -23
andz=1 -1 5 -13
|2 -3 5 (3) (2)
36. We have, A=3 Given, system of equation is
2 -4
2x -3y+5z =11
1
-2| ...(i)
3x +2y-4z=-5
Now,|4j=2(-4+4) +3(-6+4) +5(3 Xty-2z =-3
-2) ..(ii)
..Ais |A|=-6+5=-l÷0
2 -3 51 |11]
invertible.
|2 -4| (1)
(1)
AX =B X=A'B
Determinants 75

0 1 11
0-5+6 -36)= 72
X-2 9 -23 -S=-22 -45 +69
-13
-l1-25 +39 3 10
Ayy =(-1) 9 -20-l(-60-90) =150

6 -20| 40-60) =-100

=,y=2 and z=3 3

37. The given system of equations is

(1)
Ay =(-1) -1(8-18) =0
2,310
+*=4, 4 6 +-=,
5 As,=(-)4|3 10 =75
-6 s=1(5 +60)
+

6,9 20 2 10
and =2; x, y, z #0 =-1(10-40) =30
4 5
1 2
Let -=, =v and =w, then system of
equations Ayy =(-1° 1(-12 -12) =-24 (1)
can be written as
2u +3v +10w= 4) A2
4u-6v+ 5w=1 adj (A)= A,1 A2 Ag3
.)
and 6u+9-20w=2| A2 As3
Above system of Eqs. (1) can be written in matrix form 75 110 721
as AX =B, where 150 -100 0

2 3 101| 75 30 -24
A=4
t -6 5, 75 150 75
6 9 -20| 110 -100 30 (1)
,t
4 |72 -24|
B=|1| and X =| v 75 150 75]
adj(4) 1
and 4-1_ 110 -100 30
|A| 1200
72 -24
Its solution is given by (1/2)
X=AB ...() (0) On putting the values X, A and B in Eq. (ii).
we get
Here, | 4|=2 (120- 45)-3(-80-30) +10 (36 +36) 75 150 75 A
1
=2 (75) -3(-110) +10 (72)
=150 +330 + 720 =1200
v=;1200 110 -100 30
72 0
|4|=1200
300+150 +150| 6001
Since,| A 0, so Ais non-singular and its inverse 1 1
exists.
440-100 +60 400
(1/2) 1200 1200
288+0- 48 |240
Now, cofactors of elements of| A|are
|-6 Oncomparing corresponding elements, we get
=1(120 45) =75 600 400 240
9 -20 , W=
1200 1200 1200
4 5
=-1(-80-30) =110 1
6 -20 and w=