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4-Linux Commands and Shell Scripts-26-07-2024 (1)

linux

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9 views

4-Linux Commands and Shell Scripts-26-07-2024 (1)

linux

Uploaded by

abhissunita763
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File and Directory Management

• ls: ls -l /home
• cd: cd /var/log
• pwd: pwd
• mkdir: mkdir new_directory
• rmdir: rmdir empty_directory
• rm: rm file.txt
• cp: cp source.txt destination.txt
• mv: mv oldname.txt newname.txt
• touch: touch newfile.txt
• chmod: chmod 777 script.sh
• chown: chown user:group file.txt
• ln: ln -s /path/to/file symlink

2. File Viewing and Editing

• cat: cat file.txt


• more: more file.txt
• less: less file.txt
• head: head -n 10 file.txt
• tail: tail -n 10 file.txt
• nano: nano file.txt
• vi/vim: vi file.txt

3. File Compression and Archiving

• tar: tar -cvf archive.tar /path/to/directory


• gzip: gzip file.txt
• gunzip: gunzip file.txt.gz
• zip: zip archive.zip file1.txt file2.txt
• unzip: unzip archive.zip

4. File Search

• find: find /home -name "*.txt"


• locate: locate file.txt
• grep: grep "search_term" file.txt

5. System Information and Management

• uname: uname -a
• df: df -h
• du: du -sh /path/to/directory
• top: top
• htop: htop
• ps: ps aux
• free: free -m
• uptime: uptime
• hostname: hostname

6. User and Permission Management

• whoami: whoami
• sudo: sudo apt-get update
• su: su -
• useradd: sudo useradd newuser
• usermod: sudo usermod -aG groupname username
• userdel: sudo userdel username
• groupadd: sudo groupadd newgroup
• groupdel: sudo groupdel oldgroup

7. Networking

• ping: ping google.com


• ifconfig: ifconfig eth0
• ip: ip addr show
• netstat: netstat -tuln
• ss: ss -tuln
• scp: scp file.txt user@remote_host:/path/to/destination
• ssh: ssh user@remote_host
• wget: wget http://example.com/file.txt
• curl: curl -O http://example.com/file.txt

8. Package Management
• Debian-based (e.g., Ubuntu):
◦ apt-get: sudo apt-get install package_name
◦ apt-cache: apt-cache search package_name
◦ dpkg: sudo dpkg -i package.deb
• Red Hat-based (e.g., CentOS, Fedora):
◦ yum: sudo yum install package_name
◦ dnf: sudo dnf install package_name
◦ rpm: sudo rpm -i package.rpm
9. Disk Management

• fdisk: sudo fdisk /dev/sda


• mkfs: sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
• mount: sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
• umount: sudo umount /mnt
• fsck: sudo fsck /dev/sda1

10. Process Management

• kill: kill 1234


• killall: killall processname
• pkill: pkill -9 processname
• nohup: nohup command &

11. System Shutdown and Reboot

• shutdown: sudo shutdown -h now


• reboot: sudo reboot
• halt: sudo halt

12. Permissions and Ownership

• chmod: chmod 644 file.txt


• chown: chown user:group file.txt
• chgrp: chgrp group file.txt

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