JOHNNY ANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Purok 7, Barangay Katangawan, General Santos City

Senior High School Department

The Relationship Between Sleep Pattern, Lifestyle, And Academic

Performance of Senior high School Students

Across All Strands

A Research Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfilment of the Departments for the Subject Research Project

Researchers:

Aballe, Jeffrey

Baccay, Anthony

Cruz, Joseph Fiel

Flores, Alea

Menggay, Laika Mae

Riano, Regie Renz

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………...………..………..I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………..………..……...………..II

TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………….………………..….III

II. Background of the Study

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………...

STATEMENT OF THESTUDY………………………………….………...

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY……………………………….……….

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION……………………………………….........

HYPOTHESIS………………………………………………………………

DEFINATION OF TERMS…………………………………………………

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LOCAL LITERATURE…………………………………………………….

FOREIGN LITERATURE…………………………………………………
III. METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN……………………………….…………………….

RESEARH METHOD………………………………………………………

RESEARCH LOCALE………………………………..……………………

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT…………………………..………………….

RESEARCH SAMPLING………………………………………….………

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE……………………………...……….

VI. REFERENCES……..…………….………………..……..…………………
 Chapter 1

This chapter will present the problem and its setting. It includes the background of

the study, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, and

hypothesis, scope and limitation, the significance of the study, and the definition of

terms.

INTRODUCTION

Sleep is the common body posture (such as lying down with the eyes closed),

the occurrence of dreaming, changes in brain activity and physiological

functioning, and the absence of wakefulness and loss of consciousness of one's

surroundings that characterize many living things' natural, easily reversible

periodic state. Sleep, which is made up of cycles of non-REM sleep and REM

sleep, is generally thought to be essential to the restoration and recovery of vital

bodily and mental functions.

Sleep Pattern is the consistent cycle of waking and sleep that an individual

experiences over time is referred to as their sleep pattern. It covers the phases of

sleep, such as REM and non-REM, as well as the timing, length, and quality of the

sleep. Numerous factors, such as age, stress levels, lifestyle choices, and medical

issues, can affect sleep patterns.

Common sleep patterns can differ greatly from person to person. For example,

some people may follow a set routine of going to bed at night and waking up
during the day, while others may have erratic sleep owing to job schedules or other

obligations. Recognizing problems such as excessive daytime sleepiness or

insomnia can be made easier by understanding your sleep routine.

According to the study of Topia (2023), Sleep is an essential component of

human health and life and is critical to Students academic success in terms of

practice, learning, and performance. Human well-being depends on sleep, which

modifies cognitive processes and general health. Sleep has a direct impact on

Students capacity to learn and perform academically, hence it’s significance in

education cannot be overstated. Students' study habits are influenced by their

sleep patterns. Students who get enough sleep are more alert, able to take notes

in class, and able to engage in lectures and discussions. Those who don't get

enough sleep are more likely to feel sleepy during the day and find it difficult to

concentrate.

A person's health and well-being depend on getting enough good sleep, which

is also crucial for memory and learning. Numerous internal and environmental

influences, including job and school schedules, can affect sleep habits and lead to

daytime sleepiness. Moreover, research has demonstrated that poor sleep quality

impairs neurocognitive and psychomotor function and that inadequate sleep is the

primary cause of mood and alertness. Numerous studies have shown that

students with more regular sleep–wake patterns have higher grade point averages

(GPAs) whereas individuals with poorer grades indicate increased daytime

drowsiness as a consequence of decreased sleep duration (shorter sleeping

nights) (3–5). (Valic M., Peros K., and Renata P., 2014).
 Moreover, According to Knight (2017), students who slept irregularly received

scores that were almost zero, while habitual sleepers received scores that were

about 100. (Sycago K. 2019)

Furthermore, the study of Al-Wandi and Shorbagi (2020) shown that, our health

depends on sleep, which strengthens the immune system, reduces calorie intake,

and enhances cognitive. Adolescence brings about major changes in sleep due to

a combination of environmental and physiological variables. Adolescents'

heightened tolerance to sleep deprivation, lower sleep duration requirements, and

their typical delayed circadian rhythm all contribute to physiological considerations.

This happens because the body releases melatonin, a hormone, later in the

evening to get ready for sleep. Adolescent growth and development are

significantly influenced by the length and caliber of their sleep.

Lifestyle encompasses the way a person lives, including their habits, behaviors,

and daily activities. It includes factors like diet, exercise, social interactions, work-

life balance, and leisure activities. Lifestyle choices can significantly impact overall

health and well-being, influencing everything from physical fitness to mental

health.

Health is important to all of us. According to the World Health Organization

(WHO), health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and

not just the absence of disease or infirmity. A person's lifestyle is defined as the

regular, accepted daily activities that they engage in throughout their lives. By

choosing a lifestyle, an individual tries to maintain and promote his or her health

and avoid diseases through proper diet, rest and activity, exercise, body weight
control, avoiding from alcohol and tobacco, and immunizing the body against

diseases. Health requires promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Daily routines including eating, sleeping, and physical activity patterns are

examples of lifestyle behaviors that are shaped by a confluence of social, cultural,

and economic influences as well as personal preferences. Unhealthy lifestyles

have been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major source

of sickness, mostly non-communicable illnesses, and mortality. Therefore, it is

crucial to keep an eye on lifestyles and encourage healthy habits in communities.

According to Res (2017), One of the most important things in preserving

people's health in society is leading a healthy lifestyle. In terms of youth and

student roles in public health, they have to finish and adhere to a lifestyle-related

issues training program. Increasing student academic achievement is one of the

training centers' primary goals. While a belief in health and lifestyle can be seen in

early childhood, certain lifestyle behaviors are encountered during college [8].

Students are a comparatively healthy, homogeneous, and accessible segment of

society's population. Research indicates that there is an increase in the poor

mobility of students, particularly those residing in dorms. This lessens the

prejudice brought about by how illness affects health-related behaviors. During this

time, students experience changes in their eating habits and behaviors. Because

one of the biggest determinants of health is lifestyle, students must adhere to a

prescribed academic program when it comes to lifestyle-related topics.

 Moreover, According to the study of Baz (2023), There is an impact between

healthy Lifestyle and Psychological well-being. The findings of their study shown

that There was a statistically significant association between students' lifestyle and

the severity of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.

Therefore, this study wants to know if there is any significance of Lifestyle,

Sleep pattern and Academic Performance in Senior High School students.

Statement of the problem:

The focus of this study is to determine the relationship between sleeping

patterns, Lifestyle and Academic Performance of Senior high School students

Across All Strands

Specifically, this study will attempt to answer the following questions:

1. What are the Sleep patterns and Lifestyle of Senior High School Students?

2. What is the academic performance of Senior High School Student in the first

Semester?

3. Is there any significant Relationship between Sleep Pattern, Lifestyle and

Academic performance of Senior High School Student’s

Significance of Study
 This study aimed to provide valuable information about how the relationship

between Sleeping Patterns and lifestyle can affect the academic achievements of

students. The result of this study will benefit the following:

Students

A correlational study on the association between sleeping patterns and lifestyle

in Academic performance will greatly assist students by providing them with

information and awareness that will enable them to make decisions regarding their

sleep habits and their lifestyle that are well-informed. Making these decisions can

result in better academic achievement, less stress, increased wellbeing, and useful

life skills.

Teacher

Better Teaching Methods: Teaching methods can be enhanced by

understanding the relationship between sleep pattern and lifestyle in academic

achievement. Teachers can modify their teaching strategies to meet the needs of

sleep-deprived students. This could involve adding more support or changing

tasks to take into consideration any potential cognitive impairments brought on by

sleep deprivation and to their lifestyle.

School Administrator

This study will enable them to identify the lifestyle and cause of lack of sleep

and meet the needs of students who are sleep deprived.

Parents
 Creating Family Sleep standards: Families can collaborate to create routines

and standards for sleep that encourage everyone in the home to have healthy

sleeping habits. Also the family will help students to manage their time to balancing

the responsibilities. All members of the family may have more peaceful and

encouraging sleep environments as a result. Parents can become more conscious

of and knowledgeable about how sleep affects their child's education and the

lifestyle of the student by reading a correlational study on the association between

academic achievements and sleep, and lifestyle. Equipped with this knowledge,

parents can proactively assist their child's academic achievement, well-being, and

sleep hygiene.

Future Researcher

By advancing knowledge, improving methodologies, identifying underlying

mechanisms, addressing contextual factors, developing interventions, influencing

policy, and adding to the general understanding of how sleep patterns and

lifestyle affect academic success among senior high school students, the findings

of this study will be helpful to future researchers conducting correlational studies in

this field.

Scope And Delimitation

This study will focus on finding data and will provide quantitative information

about the correlation The Relationship between sleeping patterns, Lifestyle and

Academic Performance of The Senior High School Students Across All Strands

including; STEM, HUMSS, TVL, OAP, And EIM. This Study will examine the
Sleeping Pattern, Lifestyle and Academic Performance of the students at Johnny

Ang National High School.

Hypothesis

Null hypothesis: There is no significant Relationship between Sleeping

pattern, Lifestyle, and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students.

Alternative hypothesis: There is no significant Relationship between Sleeping

pattern, Lifestyle, and Academic Performance of Senior High School Students.

Definition of terms

Sleeping Pattern - A person's schedule of bedtime and wake-up time as well as

nap behavior.

Lifestyle - The typical way of life of an individual, group, or culture.

Academic Performance - A grade point average, standardized test scores, and

educational aspirations and attainment.

Senior High School - Refer to students who are in the final years of their

secondary education, typically between the ages of 15 and 18. Senior High School

Students' Use of Library Resources and Services.

 Chapter ll

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This Chapter presents the related literature after the thorough and in-depth

search done by the researchers. the purpose was to explore the impact of social

media to the teenagers.

Sleep a Crucial Aspect of Human Life

According to the study of Bukhari (2013), Sleep plays a fundamental role in

the lives of human beings, which is thought to affect the competence of their

customary activities. Like other animals, humans organize their daily lives along a

24-hour cycle, which is influenced by both internal and external variables. Age, the

demands of one's job, physiological and psychosocial traits, mental illness, and

physical illness are known to affect how different subjects sleep and wake [1]. The

sleep-wake cycle is a circadian rhythm that is naturally generated by the organism

and has an adult's periodicity of roughly one day [2]. As a result, we typically stick

to our schedules. Since other circadian rhythms, such as the sleep-wake cycle, are

in accord with changes in sleep schedules can cause internal dissociation among

circadian rhythms, which may imply undesirable effects like somnolence, attention

deficits, and performance decrements, which are common in work shifts and rapid

travel across multiple time zones. These effects include deep body temperature

and cellular mitosis.

 Study of Gomez and Moro (2024), The neuroendocrine system, the biological

clock, biochemical processes, and environmental, social, and cultural factors all of

which are highly significant during the adolescent and young adult years of life

interact to produce the complex phenomena of sleep. In fact, teens and young

college students are becoming increasingly concerned about chronic sleep

deprivation because it is linked to poorer health and worse clinical outcomes. A

collection of illnesses with rising incidence and social health consequences that

together make up sleep disorders qualify as a public health issue. Students'

academic progress is influenced by their sleep routines and habits. There hasn't

been much research done on university students' sleep patterns and

characteristics as indicators of subpar academic achievement.

Psychological Aspect and Emotional

Both physical and mental health depend on sleep, which is crucial for normal

growth. But in modern societies, where goods are available around-the-clock,

sleep deprivation has become the norm (Akerstedt and Nilsson 2003; Ohayon

2012). In general, school-aged children and youth sleep less now than they did

decades ago (Keyes et al. 2015; Matricciani et al. 2012a). The modern lifestyle,

which includes artificial light, late-night screen time, caffeine consumption, and a

lack of bedtime rules in the home, is generally blamed for this secular decline in

sleep duration (Gruber et al. 2014). Chronic sleep deprivation and the resulting

daytime impairments and tiredness pose major risks to children's and youths'

safety, health, and academic performance. These are significant public health

issues (Owens 2014)

 According to the study of Åkerstedt (2003), a higher risk of myocardial

infarction is linked to poor sleep, especially when accompanied with elevated

resting heart rate, which is a sign of sympathetic overactivity. Self-reported poor

sleepers have a higher risk of recurrent cardiac events in women undergoing

myocardial infarction rehabilitation. Furthermore, a history of fatigue upon waking

up is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Reduced

quantities of sleep stages 3 and 4 are also linked to being weary. The effect of

sleep deprivation on diabetes and glucose metabolism is a novel and fascinating

feature. Patients with type 2 diabetes report higher sleep issues than people

without the disease, according to earlier epidemiological research. Obesity may

have influenced this result. or to some extent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

However, after accounting for obesity, lifestyle factors, and other risk factors, it was

recently demonstrated in a prospective follow-up study of middle-aged, healthy

men from Malmö, Sweden, that self-reported difficulty falling asleep and elevated

resting heart rate independently predicted the 12-year risk of developing type 2

diabetes. What could this association's underlying mechanism be? One potential

alternative is OSA, which was not assessed in the Malmö study. However, chronic

low-grade inflammation is another option, as they are both associated with a

higher risk of type 2 diabetes and insomnia.

A study by Tsai and Li (2018), Prior research in the general adult population

has demonstrated a quantitative and qualitative relationship between age and

gender and sleep habits. It has been discovered that women and older adults are

more likely to experience insomnia. Global sleep dissatisfaction was more

common in women and rose with age, according to a recent study. Adolescent

sleep disorders and regular sleep patterns also show notable age disparities.

Bedtime is delayed in both boys and girl’s overall sleep duration is reduced and

the prevalence of sleep issues rises with age. In contrast to older teenagers,

young and the prevalence of sleep issues rises with age. In contrast to older

teenagers, young Adults sleep considerably less and go to bed even later. Young

adults are more likely than teenagers to experience sleep disturbances, daytime

drowsiness, and sleep dissatisfaction. It's common to concentrate on your sleep

duration when considering how much sleep you require. Sleep duration is certainly

a significant factor, but it is not the only one.

It's also important to consider whether the time spent sleeping is truly

restorative and the quality of the sleep. A key component of receiving high-quality

sleep is moving smoothly through the four distinct stages of the sleep cycle. Every

stage of sleep contributes to the body and mind waking up feeling rejuvenated.

Knowing the sleep cycle also makes it easier to understand how some sleep

disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, can affect a person's

health and quality of sleep (Singh, 2023).

Sleep Disorder

According to the study of Grubber (2014), Insomnias, hypersomnias,

circadian rhythm sleep disorders, sleep-related respiratory disorders, and

abnormal movements and actions during sleep (parasomnias) are common types

of sleep disorders in children. In the general pediatric population, these issues are

prevalent and frequently go undiagnosed and untreated. An experienced doctor

will take a complete history, perform a physical examination, and, in certain

situations, perform an overnight polysomnography (sleep study) to gather

physiological data. Children with sleep problems need to have tailored treatment

plans created by skilled clinicians; some sleep disorders are transient and go away

on their own, while others are best treated with a chronic disease model that

includes long-term follow-up.

Sleep Problems

The study of K. Hoedlmoser (2014) shown that, each sleep problem's

frequency is displayed in an inline visual tab. 3. The most common issues were dry

mouth (26.6%), difficulty falling asleep (20.3%), and restless legs (19.4%).

Notoriety also included sleeping in someone else's bed (14%), nocturnia (11.5%),

and waking up from a dream (11.8%). The following variables demonstrated

significant differences between males and females according to Mann Whitney-U

tests: waking up in the middle of the night and playing or watching TV afterward

(z=−2.404, p=0.016); waking up due to a pet (z=−1.979, p=0.048); and waking up

due to feeling too cold (z=−3.545, p<0.001). Girls woke up more frequently due to

feeling too chilly or having a pet, while boys woke up much more frequently during

the night and began playing or watching TV.

Healthy Lifestyle

According to the study of (Ziats, 2024) Shown that, Life Style Living a healthy

lifestyle is all about choosing to make healthy choices each day. Adding more

nutritious foods to your diet, making an effort to exercise throughout the week, and
prioritizing your mental health are just a few of the things you can do to begin living

a healthier and happier life. We’ve compiled an extensive list of tips and advice

from professionals about what you can do to improve your physical, mental, and

emotional health.

As the study conducted by Suni and Singh (2018), Living a healthy lifestyle

can help you recover, deal with stress in your life, improve your quality of life, and

lessen the occurrence and effects of health issues. An increasing amount of

scientific research indicates that our lifestyles have a significant impact on our

level of health. From what we eat and drink, to how much exercise we take, and

whether we smoke or take drugs, all will affect our health, not only in terms of life

expectancy, but how long we can expect to live without experiencing chronic

disease. Many fatalities and impairments are caused by diseases like heart

disease, cancer, diabetes, joint disease, and mental illness. At the moment, we

mostly depend on the supply of clinical care by highly trained health professionals

as our major strategy to deal with these conditions. Many health problems can be

prevented or at least their occurrence postponed by having a healthy lifestyle.

Healthy Lifestyle on Psychological Well-Being

According to the study of Muacevic and Adler (2023), Eating well, exercising

frequently, getting enough sleep, abstaining from alcohol, drugs, and smoking are

all parts of a healthy lifestyle that can help manage the symptoms of depression,

anxiety, and stress as well as enhance mental health. The purpose of this study

was to assess the association between Saudi adolescent girls' psychological well-

being and leading a healthy lifestyle. Their study shows Adolescents' lives, which
they have the ability to alter, are among the many variables that impact their

mental and psychological health. Nevertheless, a lot of teenagers disregard how

crucial it is to lead a healthy lifestyle that includes things like exercising, eating

right, and quitting smoking, all of which might enhance their psychological

wellbeing. The findings of their study revealed, A significant percentage of

schoolgirls experienced severe psychological issues: 14.8% had fairly severe

depression, 6.9% had severe depression, 17.8% had severe anxiety, and 18%

reported high levels of stress. This suggests that there are psychological problems

with these students. In a related study conducted among university students in

Malaysia [16], more than 20% of the participants reported moderate levels of

stress, anxiety, or depression, and no students were classified as having severe

forms of any of these conditions. The current study included secondary school

girl’s thus it is important to account for this change in participant demographics

when comparing the two studies. On the other hand, both genders of university

students were included in the Malaysian study. Additionally, the two may perceive

psychological components differently.

Positive Emotions and Cognitive Processes

As stated by the study of Huppert (2009), Happier people generally operate

better in life than unhappy people, are more productive and socially involved, and

likely to earn more money, according to an impressive collection of cross-sectional

survey data (Diener, 2000; Judge, Thoresen, Bono, & Patton, 2001). According to

Ryan and Deci (2001), people who report higher levels of happiness or subjective

well-being also typically have attributional styles that are more enabling and self-
enhancing than people who report lower levels of subjective well-being. This

suggests that positive emotions can trigger positive cognitions, which can then

trigger even more positive emotions.

Physical Growth

Based on the study of Dubuc, Leheudre, and Karelis (2019), Being a time of

physical growth and cognitive maturity [ adolescence is also frequently associated

with the predominance of harmful habits. These harmful habits, which are

frequently mentioned, include not exercising, excessive screen time, missing

breakfast, and getting too little sleep. In a study conducted on 4157 Canadians

aged 6 to 17, for instance, Carson et al. found that just 17.1% of the participants

met the recommended levels of physical activity (60 minutes daily), screen time

(maximum 2 hours daily), and sleep duration (8 to 11 hours daily, depending on

the youth's age). Beyond merely enhancing one's health, leading a healthy lifestyle

has several advantages. In fact, during Less screen usage throughout

adolescence has been linked to improved cognitive control and academic

achievement, as have healthy eating and sleeping patterns.

Physical Activity

One of the lifestyle practices that has received the greatest attention to date

is the practice of physical activity and its effect on students' academic

performance. Study of Hilman (2014) Support that engaging in physical activity

enhances academic achievement. In fact, the Consensus of Copenhagen

Bangsbo, J (2016), which was recently presented by their group, asserts that

engaging in physical activity improves academic achievement.

Sleeping Habits

As state study by Chaput and Jansenn (2017), Only 24.5% of 4157 children

and adolescents in Canada between the ages of 6 and 17 who had their lifestyle

habits analyzed recently followed the recommended sleep duration requirements

each night (which are 9 to 11 hours for those between the ages of 5 and 13 and 8

to 10 hours for those between the ages of 14 and 17). Academic performance

appears to be highly correlated with sleep deprivation, which is a common

observation in adolescents. For instance, Wolfson et Carskadon found that

students who slept an average of 34 minutes longer every night and went to bed

an average of 55 minutes earlier on weekdays performed better academically than

students who did not follow this sleeping pattern in a sample of 3120 Americans

between the ages of 13 and 19. Being drowsy in class has the potential to

significantly impact academic performance, which could be one explanation for the

link between sleep deprivation and academic performance.

Screen Time

Based on the study conducted by Carson (2018) et.al., Screen time refers to

the time spent in front of a television, computer, tablet, and cellphone for anything

other than work or schoolwork. In Canada, 51.8% of children and adolescents

appear to follow the recommendations of a maximum of 2 h of screen time per

day. The developmental stage of adolescence is well-known for its physical

development and cognitive maturation but it is also frequently marked by the

occurrence of harmful behaviors Physical inactivity, excessive screen time,

missing breakfast, and getting too little sleep are some of these undesirable

behaviors that are frequently mentioned [3, 4]. In a sample of 4157 Canadians

aged 6 to 17, for instance, Carson et al. [3] found that only 17.1% of the

participants met all recommendations for physical activity (60 minutes per day),

screen time (no more than 2 hours per day), and sleep duration (ranging from 8 to

11 hours per day depending on the youth's age). Adopting a healthy lifestyle has

advantages beyond merely enhancing one's physical health. In fact, during

 Chapter 3

This chapter contains the Research Design, Research Locale, Research

Sampling, Research Instruments, Data Gathering Procedure, and Data Analysis

Procedure.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study employs a quantitative research method using a

experimental research design. Qualitative research was first utilized

around (Paul Felix, 1945) and it focuses on gathering participants’

experiences, perceptions, and behavior. On the other hand, a

experimental research design means planning a set of procedures to

investigate a relationship between variables. A experimental reflects the

cause and-effect relationship between independent and dependent

variables.

RESEARCH LOCALE

This study was conducted at Johnny Ang National High School given

that the respondents should be senior high students. The rationale behind

this choice is from the sense that school is fitting for the study The

Relationship Between Sleep Pattern, Lifestyle and Academic Performance

in All Level.
RESEARCH SAMPLING

According to (Paul Toyong's, 2024) Study on senior high school

students, simple random sampling was employed to select senior high

school student’ participants for an analysis of sleep pattern and their

effects on academic performance. The study found a strong correlation

between sleep deprivation and poor academic outcomes, making the

sampling method crucial in ensuring representativeness in the findings.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This research will use different tools for conducting of this study. The

researcher will be using this following. Piece of paper and pen for theme to be able

to list down all necessary data that the researcher need from them. In addition, the

researchers also use mobile phone for the purpose of taking photos and video that

will serve as evidence for the conduction of this study

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers gathered data by first requesting the approval of the principal of

Johnny Ang National High School in order to conduct the study. The researchers then

gather the respondents whom they have chosen randomly with the use of the stratified

sampling. After that, the researchers informed the selected respondents and set the

time and date for the conduction of the study. The researchers gave the chosen

respondents a brief introduction of what they will be doing. During the conduction of the
study. the researchers monitor’s the respondents to ensure that the data obtained from

the

Data Analysis Procedure

In this study, the researchers will use the analysis of paired T-test According to Kim

(2019), At test is a type of statistical test that is used to compare the means of two

groups. It is one of the most widely used statistical hypothesis tests in pain studies. In

this study. The categorical independent variable is the English and Filipino languages

while the continuous dependent variable is the student's writing skills (which will be

measured through writing an essay). Lastly, paired T- test will help the researchers

determined if there is statistically significant difference in their language proficiency

when it comes to English and Filipino languages