Superior University, Lahore

Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences

Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
Course Outline
Course Course Title Visual and Physiological Optics
Information Course ID HMS6225/HMS6226 Course Type Compulsory
Credit hours 3(2-1) Hours per week (C-L) 2+1
Programs BS Optometry Preferred Semester 6

Date 2024 Version 1.2

Offered Programs BS Optometry Semester Session Spring 2024
Course Instructor(s) Mahfar Khan TA / Junior Lecturer
Information
Course This subject will provide the students with suitable theoretical and practical knowledge related to ocular anatomy.
Description
Course At the end of this course students will be able to;
Learning No. Outcome Domain Taxonomy Relation SDGs
Outcomes Level with
(CLO) PLO
CLO1. Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding Cognitive C6 PLO1 SDG4

of the anatomy and physiology of the visual

system
CLO2. Apply the principles of geometrical and Cognitive C4 PLO2 SDG4

physical optics to understand the formation

of images on the retina.
CLO3. Analyze the mechanisms of visual Cognitive C5 PLO3 SDG4

perception, including color vision, contrast

sensitivity, and depth perception.
CLO4. Identify and assess common ocular disorders, Cognitive C5 PLO4 SDG4

such as refractive errors, cataract, glaucoma,

and age-related macular degeneration.
CLO5. Develop clinical skills in performing basic Psychomotor P3 PLO5 SDG3

ocular examinations, including visual acuity

testing, refraction, and slit-lamp
biomicroscopy.
Lecture type Lectures, Simulations, Guest sessions
Prerequisites General anatomy/Histology, General physiology, Biochemistry, General pathology

Follow up Contact Lens, Ocular Disease 1/2, Neuro-Ophthalmology

Courses
Course Smart Sheet
Software
or Tool
Textbook Title Edition Authors Publisher Year ISBN
Optics and Refraction Second AK CBS

Page 1 of 4
 edition Khuran publisher
a
References

Assessment Assessment Weigh Used to Assessment Weight Used to attain CLO

Criteria t attain CLO
(100%) Assignment 10% CLO 1-2 Quiz: Pre-Mid 10% CLO1
Presentation 10% CLO2-3 Quiz: Post-Mid 10% CLO3
Mid Term 20% CLO1-2 Final term 40% CLO2-3
Methods of Quizzes, Assignments, Mid/Final exam, Case Studies, Project
Evaluation
Notes

Course Contents
Week Topic Lecture Lecture Contents Relation
No. No. with CLO
W1. L1.  Basic Concepts of Light, Laws of Reflection and Refraction, CLO1
Mirrors and Lenses, Optical Instruments
L2.  The Eye as an Optical System, Refractive Indices of Ocular Media,
Introduction to optics Reduced Eye Model, Aberrations of the Eye
W2. Anatomy of eye L3.  Ocular Adnexa: Eyebrows, Eyelids, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal CLO2
Apparatus
L4.  Ocular Media: Cornea, Sclera, Anterior Chamber, Iris, Ciliary Body,
Lens, Vitreous
W3. Physiology of vision L5.  Photoreceptor Cells: Rods and Cones CLO1
L6.  Neural Pathways of Vision: Retina, Optic Nerve, Optic Chiasm
L7.  Visual Pigments, Dark Adaptation, Light Adaptation
L8.  Optic Tract, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, Visual Cortex
W4. Refractive errors and L9.  Emmetropia Theories of Color Vision (Trichromatic, Opponent- CLO3
Accommodation Process), Color Vision Defects (Color Blindness, Color Deficiency),
Ametropia (Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism), Presbyopia
L10.  Mechanism of Accommodation, Near Point and Far Point of
Accommodation, Accommodation Amplitude
W5. Binocular vision and L11.  Binocular Single Vision, Fusional Amplitudes, Stereopsis CLO2
Motility L12.  Extraocular Muscles, Innervation of Extraocular Muscles, Ocular
Motility Disorders (Strabismus, Nystagmus)
W6. Color vision L13.  Theories of Color Vision (Trichromatic, Opponent-Process), Color CLO2
L14. Vision Defects (Color Blindness, Color Deficiency) Color Vision
Tests (Ishihara Test, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test)
W7. Mid Term Exam Week L15.  Mid- Term Exam CLO1, CLO2,
L16. CLO3
W8. Visual Field and L17.  Visual Field Defects (Scotoma, Hemianopia), Perimetry CLO3
Perimetry Techniques (Kinetic, Static)
L18.  Visual Field Testing (Goldmann Perimetry, Humphrey Field
Analyzer)
W9. Neuro Ophthalmology L19.  Optic Nerve Disorders (Optic Neuritis, Optic Atrophy), Visual CLO3
Pathway Lesions
L20.  Pupillary Reflexes (Direct, Consensual, Accommodation Reflex),
Pupillary Disorders (Afferent Pupillary Defect, Argyll Robertson
Pupil)
W10. Clinical Optics L21.  Visual Acuity Tests (Snellen Chart, LogMAR Chart), Refraction CLO1
(Subjective, Objective)
L22.  Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy, Tonometry, Funduscopy
W11. Ocular Diseases L23.  Cataract, Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic CLO4
Retinopathy
L24.  Corneal Diseases (Corneal Ulcers, Keratoconus), Conjunctivitis
W12. Low vision and L25.  Definition of Low Vision, Causes of Low Vision, Low Vision Aids CLO3
rehabilitation (Magnifiers, Telescopes, Electronic Devices) CLO4
L26.  Low Vision Rehabilitation Techniques, Orientation and Mobility
Training
W13. Contact lens L27.  Types of Contact Lenses (Soft, Rigid Gas Permeable), Contact Lens CLO3
Fitting, Contact Lens Care CLO5
L28.  Contact Lens Complications, Therapeutic Contact Lenses
W14. Refractive surgery L29.  LASIK, PRK, Photorefractive Keratectomy, Complications of CLO4
L30. Refractive Surgery Post-Operative Care, Patient Counseling CLO5

W15. Ocular trauma L31.  Types of Ocular Trauma (Blunt, Penetrating), Management of CLO4
Ocular Trauma CLO5
L32.  Ocular Emergencies (Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma, Corneal
Abrasion)
W16. Final exam  Final exam CLO1-CLO5

Lab Contents
Wee Topic Lab Lab Contents Relati
k No. on
No. withCL
O
W1. Examination L1. Introduction to Ophthalmoscope, Slit Lamp, and other basic instruments. CLO1
Techniques Practice in using these instruments.
W2. External Eye L2. Visual Acuity Testing: Snellen Chart, LogMAR Chart. Refraction: Subjective and CLO1
Examination Objective methods.
W3. Lacrimal System L3. Examination of lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct.Tear film CLO 1
Examination evaluation: Schirmer's test, tear break-up time.
W4. Ocular Motility and L4. Extraocular muscle function tests: Cover test, alternate cover test, and CLO 2
Pupillary Reflexes Hirschberg test.Pupillary reflexes: Direct, consensual, and accommodation
reflex.
W5. Slit Lamp L5. Examination of anterior segment: Cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and CLO 2
Biomicroscopy lens.Gonioscopy: Examination of the anterior chamber angle.
W6. Fundoscopy L6. Direct ophthalmoscopy: Fundus examination, optic disc, macula, and retinal CLO 2
vessels.Indirect ophthalmoscopy: Fundus examination, optic disc, macula, and
retinal vessels.
W7. Color Vision Testing L7. Ishihara test, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test.Rayleigh match test. CLO 2
W8. Visual field testing L8. Confrontation visual field testing, Amsler grid test.Goldmann perimetry, CLO 3
Humphrey visual field analyzer.
W9. Ocular imaging L9. Slit-lamp photography, Fundus photography.Optical coherence tomography CLO 3
(OCT), Fluorescein angiography
W10. Contact lens fitting L10. Basic principles of contact lens fitting, Keratometry.Fitting of soft and rigid CLO 3
gas permeable contact lenses.
W11. Refractive surgery L11. LASIK, PRK, and other refractive procedures.Post-operative care and CLO 4
complications.
W12. Low vision and L12. Low vision aids (magnifiers, telescopes, electronic devices).Orientation and CLO 4
Rehabiliation mobility training, Visual rehabilitation techniques.
W13. Ocular trauma L13. Management of ocular trauma (foreign body removal, corneal abrasion). CLO 4
Management of ocular trauma (hyphema, orbital fracture).
W14. Ocular emergencies L14. Acute angle-closure glaucoma, Acute conjunctivitis.Corneal ulcer, Diabetic CLO 5
retinopathy.
W15. Ocular disease L15. Cataract, Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic CLO 5
RetinopathyCLO421Corneal Diseases (Corneal Ulcers, Keratoconus),
Conjunctivitis
W16. Clinical Optics L16. isual Acuity Tests (Snellen Chart, LogMAR Chart), Refraction (Subjective, CLO 5
Objective)CLO519Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy, Tonometry, Funduscopy
W17. Final exam Final exam CLO1-CLO5